1
|
Bayram LC, Isler CT, Ekebas G. Determination of reference values for tear production and intraocular pressure in Pygoscelis penguins of the Antarctic Peninsula. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:235. [PMID: 37946185 PMCID: PMC10636934 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the literature review, this is the first study investigating tear production (TP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the Pygoscelis penguins living in their natural habitat. The study aimed to establish normal values for standard ocular tests in the genus Pygoscelis, namely, the Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins, in four different islands of Antarctica. Sampling was made by specifically using the left eye of the penguins. The Schirmer's tear test type I (STT-I) and the Tonovet® (rebound tonometer) were used to measure the TP and the IOP, respectively. RESULTS The mean TP and IOP values of 129 Adélie, chinstrap, gentoo, and 120 adult Adélie, gentoo penguins were determined as 10.2 ± 4.0 mm/min and 38.9 ± 13.2 mmHg, respectively. No statistical difference was detected between the penguin species for the mean IOP values, while the difference was determined in all the locations. However, statistical differences in the mean TP values were determined between all locations. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide a reference range of Schirmer's tear test (STT) and IOP values in Pygoscelis penguins and show that the IOP is significantly affected by locations. This result can be attributed to the harsh climatic conditions of the Antarctic Peninsula that change very quickly. The described data may help diagnose clinical pathological findings in Pygoscelis penguins. The STT and rebound tonometry appears to be safe and reproducible methods in Pygoscelis penguins, as the results were obtained quickly and were well tolerated by the birds. Based on our results, we propose that similar studies can be initiated in crowded colonies of three penguin species of this genus on the Antarctic Peninsula, the southern Shetland Islands, and other frequently visited islands in Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latife Cakir Bayram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey.
| | - Cafer Tayer Isler
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Görkem Ekebas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Labelle A, Labelle P. Diagnosing Corneal Pigmentation in Small Animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:339-352. [PMID: 36813389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The transparency of the cornea is critical to its role in transmitting light. Loss of corneal transparency results in visual impairment. Corneal pigmentation results from melanin accumulation in the epithelial cells of the cornea. Differential diagnosis for corneal pigmentation include corneal sequestrum, corneal foreign body, limbal melanocytoma, iris prolapse, and dermoid. These conditions must be excluded to reach a diagnosis of corneal pigmentation. A myriad of ocular surface conditions are associated with corneal pigmentation, including qualitative and quantitative tear film deficiency, adnexal disease, corneal ulceration, and breed-related corneal pigmentation syndromes. Accurate etiologic diagnosis is critical to determining effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Labelle
- Practice Owner, Bright Light Veterinary Eye Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Philippe Labelle
- Antech Diagnostics, 7555 Danbro Crescent, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 6P9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao H, Zhou H, Gao Y, He L, Li W, Xu M, Feng H, Feng X, Qiu C. Establishment of a new cell line of canine inflammatory mammary cancer: IMC-118. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:679-687. [PMID: 35429113 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) has long been regarded as an attractive animal model for research into human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), Although some canine mammary tumour cell lines corresponding to human mammary cancer cell lines have been established, there is still a need to supplement the canine mammary tumour cell bank. The goal of this study was to create a new type of IMC cell line. The primary tumour, IMC-118, was identified as IMC by pathology examination. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed negative immunoreactivity to oestrogen receptor (ER), but positive immunoreactivity to progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed that the IMC-118 cell line from this primary tumour was negative for ER but positive for PR and HER-2, and was also positive for epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers. This cell line was cultured stably for more than 50 passages and grew well after cryopreservation. In vivo, tumour masses and metastases in the lungs were discovered after inoculating the IMC-118 cells into the nude mice model. As a result, a novel canine IMC cell line, IMC-118, was effectively established, and could be employed as a promising model for immunotherapy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mechanism of IMC research in both dogs and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixia Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- Nanjing Police Dog Research Institute of the Ministry of the Public Security, Nanjing, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parsley AL, Nagel JR, Borst LB, Knight LN, Neel JA. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:1-3. [PMID: 35951489 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.02.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Parsley
- 1Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jonathan R Nagel
- 1Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Luke B Borst
- 1Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - LaTisha N Knight
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jennifer A Neel
- 1Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tajima K, Okada M, Kudo R, Otaka Y, Kita M, Yamashita Y, Kanai K. Primary cell culture of canine corneal endothelial cells. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:447-454. [PMID: 34402563 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a primary cell culture and clarify the characteristics of canine corneal endothelial cells in vitro. PROCEDURES The eyes were enucleated from dogs that were euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Enucleated canine eyes were dissected, and the intact corneas were isolated from the globes. Using enzymes, the corneal endothelial cells were dispersed from the cornea. The obtained canine corneal endothelial cells were cultured in a cell culture dish. Cultured corneal endothelial cells were morphologically evaluated using phase-contrast microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cultured cells, particularly of the corneal endothelial cell marker, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and vimentin, was performed to clarify whether the cultured cells were actually corneal endothelial cells. Furthermore, the post-passage morphology of cultured cells was evaluated. RESULTS Canine primary cultured corneal endothelial cells showed morphologically small, cobblestone-like structures. The isolated cells had proliferative ability in vitro and demonstrated positive expression of the corneal endothelial cell markers, ZO-1, Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and vimentin. However, repeated passages resulted in larger cell sizes as assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. Repeated passages also resulted in lower cell density. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the successful culture of canine corneal endothelial cells. This might enhance the understanding of corneal endothelial cell characteristics in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Okada
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Rina Kudo
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuya Otaka
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kita
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamashita
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mizuno H, Fukumoto M, Sato T, Horie T, Kida T, Oku H, Nakamura K, Jin D, Takai S, Ikeda T. Involvement of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in the Development of Retinal Lattice Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197347. [PMID: 33027920 PMCID: PMC7583762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lattice degeneration involves thinning of the retina that occurs over time. Here we performed an immunohistological study of tissue sections of human peripheral retinal lattice degeneration to investigate if retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. In two cases of retinal detachment with a large tear that underwent vitreous surgery, retinal lattice degeneration tissue specimens were collected during surgery. In the obtained specimens, both whole mounts and horizontal section slices were prepared, and immunostaining was then performed with hematoxylin and antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), RPE-specific protein 65 kDa (RPE65), pan-cytokeratin (pan-CK), and CK18. Hematoxylin staining showed no nuclei in the center of the degenerative lesion, thus suggesting the possibility of the occurrence of apoptosis. In the degenerative lesion specimens, GFAP staining was observed in the center, RPE65 staining was observed in the slightly peripheral region, and pan-CK staining was observed in all areas. However, no obvious CK18 staining was observed. In a monkey retina used as the control specimen of a normal healthy retina, no RPE65 or pan-CK staining was observed in the neural retina. Our findings suggest that migration, proliferation, and differentiation of RPE cells might be involved in the repair of retinal lattice degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Masanori Fukumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Takaki Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Taeko Horie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Teruyo Kida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hidehiro Oku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | | | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (D.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (D.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Tsunehiko Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-684-6434; Fax: +81-72-682-0995
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferreira H, Scurrell E, Bass J, Salmon K. What is your diagnosis? Aqueous humor from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:484-486. [PMID: 31062397 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joyce Bass
- Finn Pathologists, Weybread, Norfolk, UK
| | - Kate Salmon
- Westmoor Veterinary Hospital, Tavistock, Devon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Post-traumatic Intraocular Leiomyosarcoma in a Domestic Bovine Calf (Bos primigenius taurus). J Comp Pathol 2019; 168:41-45. [PMID: 31103058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present report describes a case of a post-traumatic ocular leiomyosarcoma in a calf (Bos primigenius taurus) including clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features. Following a traumatic episode, the animal developed opacification of the lens and shrinkage of the eye. Subsequently, the ocular lesion increased in size over a period of 6 weeks and reached up to 16 cm in diameter with infiltration into the cranium. At necropsy examination, the kidneys, liver and spleen exhibited multiple firm white metastases up to 2 cm in diameter. The mass was composed of closely-packed streams and bundles of neoplastic cells, which immunohistochemically expressed vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin. Based on the anamnestic data, morphological appearance, distribution and immunohistochemical results, a diagnosis of a post-traumatic intraocular leiomyosarcoma was made. The tumour may have originated from cells lining the pectinate ligament of the ciliary body.
Collapse
|
9
|
Patruno M, Perazzi A, Martinello T, Gomiero C, Maccatrozzo L, Iacopetti I. Investigations of the corneal epithelium in Veterinary Medicine: State of the art on corneal stem cells found in different mammalian species and their putative application. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:502-507. [PMID: 29758534 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of progenitor cells that can readily differentiate into a specific cell type is a common cellular strategy for physiological tissue growth and repair mechanisms. In the mammalian cornea, many aspects regarding the nature and location of these cells are still unclear. In the human limbus (peripheral area of the cornea) progenitor cells have been found and characterized but in non-human mammals, the picture is not so clear. In this review, we examine current knowledge about the morphology of limbus and the localization of corneal epithelial stem cells in all species studied so far, comparing data with humans. We have also explored different research directions in the veterinary field in order to discuss the: i) currently used protocols and ii) best range of treatments for ocular pathologies in which corneal stem cells are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro - Agripolis, Padova, Italy.
| | - A Perazzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro - Agripolis, Padova, Italy
| | - T Martinello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro - Agripolis, Padova, Italy
| | - C Gomiero
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro - Agripolis, Padova, Italy
| | - L Maccatrozzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro - Agripolis, Padova, Italy
| | - I Iacopetti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro - Agripolis, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Topical treatment of corneal alkali burns with Gly-thymosin β 4 solutions and in situ hydrogels via inhibiting corneal neovascularization and improving corneal epidermal recovery in experimental rabbits. Burns 2017; 43:1742-1747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
11
|
Morphological description of limbal epithelium: searching for stem cells crypts in the dog, cat, pig, cow, sheep and horse. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:169-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Graham KL, Krockenberger MB, Billson FM. Intraocular sarcoma associated with lens capsule rupture and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 21:188-193. [PMID: 28008699 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical findings and ocular pathology in an adult Golden Retriever diagnosed with an intraocular sarcoma. Nineteen s prior to diagnosis with a lens capsule rupture and intraocular sarcoma, the dog was diagnosed with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and uveitis based on clinical signs and the ultrasonographic appearance of the eye. Two years after enucleation, there was no evidence of metastatic spread of the sarcoma. The immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor as well as the limitations and supportive evidence used in attempting to identify the histogenesis of the tumor are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Graham
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ophthalmology Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F Mark Billson
- Ophthalmology Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Longitudinal Claudin Gene Expression Analyses in Canine Mammary Tissues and Thereof Derived Primary Cultures and Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101655. [PMID: 27690019 PMCID: PMC5085688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and canine mammary tumours show partial claudin expression deregulations. Further, claudins have been used for directed therapeutic approaches. However, the development of claudin targeting approaches requires stable claudin expressing cell lines. This study reports the establishment and characterisation of canine mammary tissue derived cell lines, analysing longitudinally the claudin-1, -3, -4 and -7 expressions in original tissue samples, primary cultures and developed cell lines. Primary cultures were derived from 17 canine mammary tissues: healthy, lobular hyperplasia, simple adenoma, complex adenoma, simple tubular carcinoma, complex carcinoma, carcinoma arising in a benign mixed tumour and benign mixed tissue. Cultivation was performed, if possible, until passage 30. Claudin mRNA and protein expressions were analysed by PCR, QuantiGene Plex Assay, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. Further, cytokeratin expression was analysed immunocytochemically. Cultivation resulted in 11 established cell lines, eight showing epithelial character. In five of the early passages the claudin expressions decreased compared to the original tissues. In general, claudin expressions were diminished during cultivation. Three cell lines kept longitudinally claudin, as well as epithelial marker expressions, representing valuable tools for the development of claudin targeted anti-tumour therapies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Atzpodien EA, Jacobsen B, Funk J, Altmann B, Silva Munoz MA, Singer T, Gyger C, Hasler P, Maloca P. Advanced Clinical Imaging and Tissue-based Biomarkers of the Eye for Toxicology Studies in Minipigs. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 44:398-413. [PMID: 26680760 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315615553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increased interest to use minipigs in ocular toxicology studies due to their anatomical similarities with human eyes and as a substitute for nonhuman primates. This requires adaptation of enhanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques and of ocular relevant immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH) markers to porcine eyes. In this study, OCT and OCT angiography (AngioOCT) were performed on adult Göttingen minipigs. To increase structural information on retinal and choroidal vasculature, OCT data were speckle denoized and choroidal blood vessels were segmented with threshold filtering. In addition, we established a set of IHC and ISH markers on Davidson's fixed paraffin-embedded minipig eyes: neurofilament-160, neuronal nuclei, calretinin, protein kinase C-α, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1, rhodopsin, synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein-95, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific protein-65, von Willebrand factor, α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and Ki-67, thus enabling visualization of retinal neuronal and glial cells, photoreceptors, synapses, RPE, blood vessels, myocytes, macrophages, or cell proliferation. Using ISH, transcripts of vascular endothelial growth factor A, angiopoietin-2, and endothelial tyrosine kinase were visualized. This article describes for the first time in minipig eyes speckle noise-free OCT, AngioOCT, and a set of IHC/ISH markers on Davidson's fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and helps to establish the minipig for ocular toxicology and pharmacology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juergen Funk
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Cyrill Gyger
- OCT Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Hasler
- OCT Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Maloca
- OCT Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nautscher N, Bauer A, Steffl M, Amselgruber WM. Comparative morphological evaluation of domestic animal cornea. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:297-304. [PMID: 26190143 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study described corneal morphology in different domestic animals using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Specifically, we evaluated the species-specific distribution pattern of cytokeratins (CKs) and aquaporins (AQPs) to assess their contribution to the strength and transparency of the cornea, respectively. PROCEDURES Corneal sections (2 μm thick) were obtained from 28 pigs, 11 cows, two goats, six horses, four dogs, and five cats and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Immunohistochemistry was also performed using CK1 to 3 and AQP1 and 5 antibodies. RESULTS Domestic animal corneas were composed of corneal epithelium, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and corneal endothelium. Bowman's layer was not detected using the PAS reaction. The three-layered epithelium was thinnest in carnivores and thickest in equines and bovines. CKs were demonstrated immunohistochemically in all species examined, especially in the most superficial layer of the corneal epithelium. CKs were more widely distributed in canine and feline corneal epithelial cell layers compared to other species. The corneal monolayer endothelium was immunostained with AQP1 in all species examined, and it was also present in stromal keratocytes in a species-specific manner. In contrast, AQP5 was exclusively localized to the corneal epithelium. Epithelial staining patterns varied markedly between species, and the widest distribution of AQP5 was demonstrated in feline epithelial cell layers. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the distribution of CKs and AQPs in various species suggest species differences in the maintenance of structural integrity and fluid balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nautscher
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 35, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Achim Bauer
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 35, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Steffl
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 35, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Werner M Amselgruber
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 35, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meekins JM, Eshar D, Rankin AJ, Henningson JN. Clinical and histologic description of ocular anatomy in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:110-6. [PMID: 25789961 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and histologic ocular anatomy of the black-tailed prairie dog (PD). ANIMALS STUDIED Seventeen captive black-tailed PDs (11 males and six females), ranging in age from approximately 4 months to 4.5 years. PROCEDURES Complete ocular examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. The globes (n = 2) of one black-tailed PD were harvested immediately after euthanasia and processed after formalin fixation. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, chromogranin A, claudin-5, smooth muscle actin, and vimentin was performed for light microscopic evaluation. RESULTS A thick mucinous precorneal tear film was present on the ocular surface. A vestigial nictitating membrane was identified in the medial canthus area. The limbus was heavily pigmented, the iris was a dark homogenous brown, and the pupil was round. Funduscopically, there was no tapetum lucidum, the retinal vascular pattern was holangiotic, and a horizontally elongated optic disk was visualized. The most common ocular abnormalities were acquired eyelid margin defects, present in seven eyes of six black-tailed PDs (35.3%). On histologic examination, the retina was asymmetric, thicker below the optic disk and thinner above it. CONCLUSIONS The black-tailed PD fundus is atapetal with a holangiotic retinal vessel pattern and a horizontally elongated optic disk. Acquired lesions of the peri-ocular and eyelid region were the most common documented abnormality. Unique anatomic features of the globe and adnexa were confirmed with histologic and immunohistochemical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Meekins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - David Eshar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Amy J Rankin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jamie N Henningson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Interpretation of immunohistochemistry data of tumor should consider microenvironmental factors. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4467-77. [PMID: 25753476 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of tumor surrounding microenvironment is often neglected when immunohistochemistry is performed to investigate tumor properties and search biomarkers of cancer. This study was designed to evaluate whether the influence of tumor microenvironment on biological features of tumor cells should be taken into account for interpretation of the immunohistochemistry data of tumor specimens. In this study, we showed an example by using three tumor cell lines (HeLa, WSU-HN6, and Tca83) to establish tumor-caused bone destruction models in nude mice and then to investigate the influence of bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) on biological features of tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry results showed that, compared with tumor cells located outside of BMM, tumor cells located inside of BMM presented huge differences in the expression of inflammation-related proteins including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF receptor-associated factor protein-6 (TRAF-6), phosphorylated-NF-κB p65 (p-p65), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-11, matrix metalloproteinases including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13; and osteogenesis-related proteins including runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) in all the models. However, when we compared the cell line pair derived from different sites (outside and inside of BMM, respectively) of the same HeLa tumor sample by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry, the differences aforementioned in tumor tissues were not found. In addition, we verified that normal human bone marrow could not cause the above changes detected in vivo. Our results suggested that tumor-modified microenvironment could give the new biological features of the invaded tumor cells. Therefore, we should consider the influence of the surrounding microenvironment on tumor cells when we analyze tumor properties using immunohistochemistry.
Collapse
|
18
|
Labelle AL, Labelle P. Canine ocular neoplasia: a review. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 16 Suppl 1:3-14. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Labelle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Philippe Labelle
- Antech Diagnostics; 1111 Marcus Avenue Lake Success NY 11042 USA
| |
Collapse
|