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Kanda T, Saiki K, Kurumi H, Yoshida A, Ikebuchi Y, Sakaguchi T, Urabe S, Minami H, Yamaguchi N, Nakao K, Inoue H, Isomoto H. Docking Proteins Upregulate IL-1β Expression in Lower Esophageal Sphincter Muscle in Esophageal Achalasia. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3004. [PMID: 38792545 PMCID: PMC11122009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Esophageal achalasia is an archetypal esophageal motility disorder characterized by abnormal peristalsis of the esophageal body and impaired lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. Methods: In this study, the mRNA expression of docking proteins 1 and 2 (DOK1 and DOK2, respectively) were analyzed and the mechanisms underlying achalasia onset were investigated. Results:DOK1 and DOK2 mRNA levels significantly increased in the LES of patients with achalasia. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between IL-1β and DOK1, IL-1β and DOK2, ATG16L1 and DOK1, and HSV1-miR-H1-3p and DOK2 expression levels. However, a correlation between ATG16L1 and DOK2 or between HSV-miR-H1-3p and DOK1 expression was not observed. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between patient age and DOK1 expression. Microarray analysis revealed a significant decrease in the expression of hsa-miR-377-3p and miR-376a-3p in the LES muscle of patients with achalasia. Conclusions: These miRNAs possessed sequences targeting DOK. The upregulation of DOK1 and DOK2 expression induces IL-1β expression in the LES of achalasia patients, which may contribute to the development of esophageal motility disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Karen Saiki
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurumi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ikebuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
- Digestive Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo 135-8577, Japan
| | - Takuki Sakaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
- Digestive Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo 135-8577, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Urabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo 135-8577, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Becker CB, Jensen HE. Clinicopathologic evaluation of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus in a Gordon Setter puppy: a case report and development and application of peripherin immunohistochemistry for detection of ganglion cells. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:254-257. [PMID: 38305240 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241226950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined a case of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus (CIM) in a 5-wk-old female Gordon Setter puppy by means of contrast radiography, autopsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Clinical and radiologic findings included weight stagnation and marked generalized esophageal dilation with ventral displacement of the heart and lungs. These findings were confirmed at autopsy, and segments of the thoracic esophagus were sampled for histopathology. On histopathology, diffuse esophageal muscular atrophy, mucosal erosions, mononuclear inflammation, and a marked reduction in the number of myenteric plexus structures and number of ganglion cells were present (aganglionosis). The latter was determined immunohistochemically using an anti-peripherin antibody as the primary reagent, which provides a strong tool for the histologic confirmation of CIM. The histologic findings share some similarities to lesions associated with megaesophagus in Friesian foals, as well as esophageal achalasia and Hirschsprung disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie B Becker
- Section for Special Pathology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Section for Special Pathology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schwahn DJ, Pleitner JM, Greaser ML. Megaesophagus Is a Major Pathological Condition in Rats With a Large Deletion in the Rbm20 Gene. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:151-159. [PMID: 31221019 PMCID: PMC7221460 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819854224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A spontaneously arising, loss-of-function mutation in the RNA binding motif protein 20
(Rbm20) gene, which encodes a nuclear splicing protein,
was previously identified as the underlying reason for expression of an abnormally large
TITIN (TTN) protein in a rat model of cardiomyopathy. An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to submission of rats with dyspnea, sneezing,
lethargy, nasal discharge, and/or unexpected death for diagnostic evaluation. Necropsy
revealed underlying megaesophagus in Rbm20–/–
rats. Further phenotyping of this rat strain and determination of the size of esophageal
TTN was undertaken. The Rbm20-defective rats developed
megaesophagus at an early age (26 weeks) with high frequency (13/32, 41%). They also often
exhibited secondary rhinitis (9/32, 28%), aspiration pneumonia (8/32, 25%), and otitis
media/interna (6/32, 19%). In addition, these rats had a high prevalence of hydronephrosis
(13/32, 41%). RBM20 is involved in splicing multiple RNA transcripts, one of which is the
muscle-specific protein TTN. Rbm20 mutations are a
significant cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. In Rbm20-defective rats, TTN size was significantly increased in the skeletal
muscle of the esophagus. Megaesophagus in this rat strain (maintained on a mixed genetic
background) is hypothesized to result from altered TTN stretch signaling in esophageal
skeletal muscle. This study describes a novel mechanism for the development of
megaesophagus, which may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of megaesophagus in
humans and offers insights into potential myogenic causes of this condition. This is the
first report of megaesophagus and other noncardiac pathogenic changes associated with
mutation of Rbm20 in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Schwahn
- Research Animal Resources Center and Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Marion L Greaser
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Algarrahi K, Franck D, Ghezzi CE, Cristofaro V, Yang X, Sullivan MP, Chung YG, Affas S, Jennings R, Kaplan DL, Estrada CR, Mauney JR. Acellular bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds support functional tissue regeneration in a rat model of onlay esophagoplasty. Biomaterials 2015; 53:149-59. [PMID: 25890715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surgical management of long-gap esophageal defects with autologous gastrointestinal tissues is frequently associated with adverse complications including organ dysmotility, dysphagia, and donor site morbidity. In order to develop alternative graft options, bi-layer silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds were investigated for their potential to support functional tissue regeneration in a rodent model of esophageal repair. Onlay esophagoplasty was performed with SF matrices (N = 40) in adult rats for up to 2 m of implantation. Parallel groups consisted of animals implanted with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffolds (N = 22) or sham controls receiving esophagotomy alone (N = 20). Sham controls exhibited a 100% survival rate while rats implanted with SF and SIS scaffolds displayed respective survival rates of 93% and 91% prior to scheduled euthanasia. Animals in each experimental group were capable of solid food consumption following a 3 d post-op liquid diet and demonstrated similar degrees of weight gain throughout the study period. End-point μ-computed tomography at 2 m post-op revealed no evidence of contrast extravasation, fistulas, strictures, or diverticula in any of the implant groups. Ex vivo tissue bath studies demonstrated that reconstructed esophageal conduits supported by both SF and SIS scaffolds displayed contractile responses to carbachol, KCl and electrical field stimulation while isoproterenol produced tissue relaxation. Histological (Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin) and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations demonstrated both implant groups produced de novo formation of skeletal and smooth muscle bundles positive for contractile protein expression [fast myosin heavy chain (MY32) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] within the graft site. However, SF matrices promoted a significant 4-fold increase in MY32+ skeletal muscle and a 2-fold gain in α-SMA+ smooth muscle in comparison to the SIS cohort as determined by histomorphometric analyses. A stratified squamous, keratinized epithelium expressing cytokeratin 5 and involucrin proteins was also present at 2 m post-op in all experimental groups. De novo innervation and vascularization were evident in all regenerated tissues indicated by the presence of synaptophysin (SYP38)+ boutons and vessels lined with CD31 expressing endothelial cells. In respect to SIS, the SF group supported a significant 4-fold increase in the density of SYP38+ boutons within the implant region. Evaluation of host tissue responses revealed that SIS matrices elicited chronic inflammatory reactions and severe fibrosis throughout the neotissues, in contrast to SF scaffolds. The results of this study demonstrate that bi-layer SF scaffolds represent promising biomaterials for onlay esophagoplasty, capable of producing superior regenerative outcomes in comparison to conventional SIS scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Algarrahi
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debra Franck
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Vivian Cristofaro
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Urology, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA; Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maryrose P Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Urology, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA; Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yeun Goo Chung
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saif Affas
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russell Jennings
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Carlos R Estrada
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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