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Alonso FH, Fenton H, Muller A, Freeman MA, Becker AAMJ, Rolph K, Abramo N, Rawlins G, Kitson L, Kessel E, Thrall MA. Case report: Disseminated Cladophialophora bantiana phaeohyphomycosis in a dog with hepatic dysfunction, and concurrent ehrlichiosis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1451299. [PMID: 39157056 PMCID: PMC11327068 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1451299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A 1-year-old mixed breed dog initially presented with marked ascites due to a low-protein transudate resulting from portal hypertension. Laboratory evaluation revealed non-regenerative anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, evidence of hepatic insufficiency [hypoalbuminemia, decreased urea, increased post-prandial bile acids, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)] and Ehrlichia canis infection. Approximately a week later, the dog was declining and was euthanized. On autopsy, multifocal hepatic granulomas and acquired portosystemic shunts (APSS) were seen. Imprint cytology revealed fungal hyphae and pyogranulomatous inflammation in the liver and brain. Disseminated Cladophialophora bantiana phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed by histologic examination, culture and PCR. Immunosuppression due to ehrlichiosis is suspected to have predisposed this animal to fungal infection. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of C. bantiana in the West Indies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio H. Alonso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Heather Fenton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Zoo, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Ananda Muller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Mark A. Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Anne A. M. J. Becker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Kerry Rolph
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Nicole Abramo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Gilda Rawlins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Liam Kitson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Erica Kessel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Mary Anna Thrall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Ilha MRS, Weaver D, Graham EA. Granulomatous dermatitis caused by Exserohilum mcginnisii infection in a cow. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:137-141. [PMID: 37933786 PMCID: PMC10734578 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231210861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-y-old, Piedmontese cow had a 4-mo history of ongoing development of skin masses. This was the only cow affected in a herd of 20 cows. Up to 12, hairless, red-to-black, raised nodules-to-plaques were distributed along the dorsum and tail head. Biopsies were taken for histopathology and ancillary testing. An ulcerated skin section contained dermal infiltrates of eosinophils, plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleate giant cells, and pyogranulomas. Fungal hyphae were seen within the dermis, multinucleate giant cells, and pyogranulomas. In pyogranulomas, fungi were surrounded by a Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. Dematiaceous (pigmented) hyphae were rarely observed with H&E-stained and unstained (cleared and mounted) sections, but stained well with a Fontana-Masson stain. Exserohilum mcginnisii was identified by fungal culture, followed by PCR assay and sequencing. Exserohilum is a dematiaceous fungus that causes disease in humans and rarely in animals. The use of unstained sections and Fontana-Masson stain are important to demonstrate pigment because dematiaceous fungi have little melanin and appear as hyaline hyphae histologically. PCR assay and sequencing aid in the differentiation and classification of fungal species. To our knowledge, E. mcginnisii dermal granulomas have not been reported previously in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R. S. Ilha
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | | | - Erin A. Graham
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
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Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Ramos MG, Walker RT, Stranahan LW. Hyphae, pseudohyphae, yeasts, spherules, spores, and more: A review on the morphology and pathology of fungal and oomycete infections in the skin of domestic animals. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:812-828. [PMID: 37222139 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231173715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are among the most common infectious agents affecting the skin of animals. The skin can serve as a port of entry for fungal infections, which can eventually become disseminated. In some regions of the world, oomycetes, such as Pythium and Lagenidium, are also responsible for a significant number of severe cutaneous infections. Histologic evaluation of fungal morphology, including size, shape, septation, branching, and budding characteristics, combined with the distribution of inflammatory infiltrates within different skin layers can potentially identify etiologic agents, guiding selection of antifungals and additional diagnostics. Fungal infections of the skin surface are typically caused by Malassezia and rarely Candida, with opportunistic fungi also capable of colonizing the skin surface, especially when the barrier is broken. Folliculocentric infections, caused by dermatophytes, result in mild to severe inflammation and can occasionally penetrate deep into the skin. A wide range of fungi, including agents of hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and dimorphic fungal infections, as well as oomycetes, result in nodular cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. With the occasional exception of dimorphic fungi, fungal speciation often requires cultures performed on fresh tissues. However, molecular techniques such as pan-fungal polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks is becoming an increasingly useful tool to distinguish between cutaneous fungal pathogens. This review focuses on describing the clinical and histologic features of the most common fungal and oomycete infections affecting the skin of animals, divided according to distribution patterns of lesions and fungal or oomycete morphology.
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4
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Lowman ME, Tipton CD, Labordère AL, Brown JA. Equine sinusitis aetiology is linked to sinus microbiome by amplicon sequencing. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:798-807. [PMID: 36199163 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding the microbiome in sinusitis using genetic sequencing is lacking and more-in-depth understanding of the microbiome could improve antimicrobial selection and treatment outcomes for cases of primary sinusitis. OBJECTIVES To describe sinus microbiota in samples from horses with sinusitis and compare microbiota and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes between primary, dental-related and other secondary causes of sinusitis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Records of equine sinusitis from 2017 to 2021 were reviewed and historical microbial amplicon sequence data were obtained from clinical diagnostic testing of sinus secretions. Following bioinformatic processing of bacterial and fungal sequence data, the sinus microbiota and importance of sinusitis aetiology among other factors were investigated from the perspectives of alpha diversity (e.g., number of operational taxonomic units [OTUs], Hill1 Diversity), beta diversity, and differentially abundant taxa. Quantitative PCR allowed for comparisons of estimated bacterial abundance and detection rate of common antibiotic resistance-associated genes. In a smaller subset, longitudinal analysis was performed to evaluate similarity in samples over time. RESULTS Of 81 samples analysed from 70 horses, the bacterial microbiome was characterised in 66, and fungal in five. Only sinusitis aetiology was shown to significantly influence microbiome diversity and composition (p < 0.05). Dental-related sinusitis (n = 44) was associated with a significantly higher proportion of obligate anaerobic bacteria, whereas primary sinusitis (n = 12) and other (n = 10) groups were associated with fewer bacteria and higher proportions of facultative anaerobic and aerobic genera. Antimicrobial resistance genes and fungal components were exclusively identified in dental-related sinusitis. MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective nature, incomplete prior antimicrobial administration data. CONCLUSIONS Molecular characterisation in sinusitis identifies microbial species which may be difficult to isolate via culture, and microbiome profiling can differentiate sinusitis aetiology, which may inform further treatment, including antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Lowman
- Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Leesburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra L Labordère
- Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Leesburg, VA, USA
| | - James A Brown
- Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Leesburg, VA, USA
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5
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The Chromosome-Scale Genomes of Exserohilum rostratum and Bipolaris zeicola Pathogenic Fungi Causing Rice Spikelet Rot Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020177. [PMID: 36836292 PMCID: PMC9961003 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice spikelet rot disease occurs mainly in the late stages of rice growth. Pathogenicity and biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus and the infestation site have been the primary focus of research on the disease. To learn more about the disease, we performed whole-genome sequencing of Exserohilum rostratum and Bipolaris zeicola for predicting potentially pathogenic genes. The fungus B. zeicola was only recently identified in rice.We obtained 16 and 15 scaffolds down to the chromosome level for E. rostratum LWI and B. zeicola LWII, respectively. The length of LWI strain was approximately 34.05 Mb, and the G + C content of the whole genome was 50.56%. The length of the LWII strain was approximately 32.21 Mb, and the G + C content of the whole genome was 50.66%. After the prediction and annotation of E. rostratum LWI and B. zeicola LWII, we predicted that the LWI strain and LWII strain contain 8 and 13 potential pathogenic genes, respectively, which may be related to rice infection. These results improve our understanding of the genomes of E. rostratum and B. zeicola and update the genomic databases of these two species. It benefits subsequent studies on the mechanisms of E. rostratum and B. zeicola interactions with rice and helps to develop efficient control measures against rice spikelet rot disease.
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Martineau M, Tilmant C, Risco Castillo V, Guillot J, Reyes-Gomez E, Benchekroun G, Freiche V. A case of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia associated with fungal colonisation: endoscopic features, treatment and follow-up. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231165246. [PMID: 37205163 PMCID: PMC10185866 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231165246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 3-month history of weight loss, chronic diarrhoea and vomiting. Examination revealed a large proximal duodenal lesion eventually diagnosed as feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF) associated with fungal filaments. Histological examination was performed following endoscopic biopsy. Direct examination and mycological culture of the duodenal biopsies revealed the presence of a siphomycetous fungus, which was further identified as Rhizopus microsporus. Treatment with prednisolone and ciclosporin for 3 months led to complete resolution of the clinical signs and marked improvement of the endoscopic lesions. Specific fungal treatment with amphotericin B was poorly tolerated. Relevance and novel information To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the characterisation of a siphomycetous fungus associated with FGESF lesions, and the first endoscopic description and diagnosis of FGESF without surgical biopsies. We hypothesise that the presence of R microsporus occurred because of disrupted mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martineau
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frégis
Veterinary Hospital Centre, Arcueil, France
| | - Cyril Tilmant
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Olliolis
Veterinary Clinic, Ollioules, France
| | - Veronica Risco Castillo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology,
National Veterinary School of Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Dermatology, Parasitology, and
Mycology, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, National
Veterinary School of Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ghita Benchekroun
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Valerie Freiche
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Valerie Freiche DVM, DESV-IM, PhD, Ecole Nationale
Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Unité de Médecine Interne, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle,
Maisons-Alfort 94704, France
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7
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Kortei NK, Tetteh RA, Wiafe‐Kwagyan M, Amon DNK, Odamtten GT. Mycobiota profile, phenology, and potential toxicogenic and pathogenic species associated with stored groundnuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) from the Volta Region, Ghana. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:888-902. [PMID: 35311164 PMCID: PMC8907750 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study updates the mycobiota resident in groundnut seeds, their phenology during storage with the view to ascertain their occurrence, potential toxigenic species, and pathologically important species in the stored samples. The moisture content of the seeds ranged from 5.7% to 6.5% within the stipulated safe moisture content of 8% for extension of shelf life. Culturing the seeds on mycological media (Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar SDA; Oxytetracycline Glucose Yeast Extract OGYE, Potato Dextrose Agar, PDA) caused a de novo growth of the quiescent spores at 28-30°C for 7-14 days. Fungal population counts on the three media ranged from 2.01 to 2.16 log10 CFU/g samples to a final 6-month count of 1.67-2.60 log10 CFU/g. Eighteen different fungal species belonging to ten genera were encountered on the media, namely Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Rhodotorula, Sporendonema, and Paecilomyces. Aspergillus spp. (A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. terreus) were the most frequently isolated, followed by Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. verticillioides), Trichoderma (T. harzianum and T. viride), Rhizopus spp (R. oligosporus and R. stolonifer), and Penicillium verrucosum. The species which were seed borne (A. niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. fumigatus, F. solani, F. verticillioides, T. viride, C. herbarum, and Curvularia lunata) were isolated on both surface sterilized and non-surface sterilized seeds. The phenology of the encountered fungal species generally followed five patterns. The most frequently isolated Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus predominated throughout the 6 months sampling period, while A. ustus and A. terreus appeared sporadically and disappeared. The early colonizers (R. oligosporus, R. stolonifer, and Paecilomyces) could not be isolated after 2-3 months owing presumably to stronger antibiosis competition from the Aspergillus species. The most predominant Aspergillus species initially constituted 36%-48% of the total population but declined to 10%-36% in 6 months. Mycobiota encountered with mycotoxigenic potential and human health importance were A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, F. verticillioides, and Penicillium verrucosum. Other species of pathological importance to plants were Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporum. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsSchool of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana
| | - Rachel Adinorkie Tetteh
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsSchool of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana
| | - Michael Wiafe‐Kwagyan
- Department of Plant and Environmental BiologyCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | - Denick Nii Kotey Amon
- Department of Plant and Environmental BiologyCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | - George Tawia Odamtten
- Department of Plant and Environmental BiologyCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
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8
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Armwood AR, Cañete-Gibas CF, Dill-Okubo JA, Wiederhold NP, Camus AC. Retrospective study of phaeohyphomycosis in aquarium-housed fish, with first descriptions of Exophiala lecanii-corni and Neodevriesia cladophorae in fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1563-1577. [PMID: 34148252 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A broadening fish host range is affected by novel and known pigmented fungal pathogens. A review of 2,250 piscine submissions received by the Aquatic Pathology Service, University of Georgia, revealed 47 phaeohyphomycosis cases (2.1%), representing 34 bony and cartilaginous fish species. The majority involved bony fish (45/47, 95.7%) and were predominantly marine (41/47, 87.2%), with only a few freshwater species (4/47, 8.5%). Cartilaginous fish cases included two zebra sharks (Stegostoma fasciatum) (2/47, 4.3%). Northern seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) had the highest incidence overall (7/47, 14.9%). Culture and sequencing of the internal-transcribed spacer region of the rDNA (ITS), large ribosomal subunit gene D1/D2 domains (LSU) and the DNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) were performed for fungal identification when fresh tissue was obtainable. Exophiala, Ochroconis and Neodevriesia spp. were identified, with Exophiala as the most common fungal genus (8/11, 72.7%). Exophiala lecanii-corni and Neodevriesia cladophorae were described for the first time from fish. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and angioinvasion most frequently affecting the skin/fin, skeletal muscle and kidneys. In this study of diverse aquarium-housed fish species, phaeohyphomycosis cases occurred sporadically and in rare outbreaks with variable pathologic presentations, tissue distributions and severities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Armwood
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Connie F Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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9
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Solé A, Ahern B. Fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract in horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Solé
- Faculty of Science School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - B. Ahern
- Faculty of Science School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
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10
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Fiorin É, Brigatto M, Jardim P, Chang M, Leal C, Araújo M. Granulomatous tracheitis and dermatitis due to Curvularia sp. in a horse: case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tracheal fungal infections in horses are rare. This case report describes surgical and clinical management of a filly with a Curvularia sp. infection within the trachea and skin that caused severe intraluminal granulomas and cutaneous nodules, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with itraconazole and surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- É.V. Fiorin
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - M.R. Chang
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - C.R.B. Leal
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - M.A. Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Zetterström S, Hanson R, Velloso Alvarez A, Caldwell F, Boone L, Schumacher J. Equine conidiobolomycosis: A review and case study. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Zetterström
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - R. Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - A. Velloso Alvarez
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - F. Caldwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - L. Boone
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - J. Schumacher
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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12
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Suen WW, Zedler S, Price R, Maguire T, Halliday C, Rosenblatt AJ, Allavena RE, Owen H, Medina-Torres CE. Rhinosinusitis in an Australian mare caused by Flavodon flavus, a recently recognized invasive fungal pathogen of the horse. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 32:162-165. [PMID: 31876248 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719897610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe herein the clinical, endoscopic, computed tomography (CT), pathologic, and microbiologic features of an infection caused by an under-recognized fungal pathogen, Flavodon flavus, in a 25-y-old Australian Quarter Horse. The horse had a unilateral obstructive nasal mass, resulting in stertor and dyspnea. On endoscopy, the mass was tan, multinodular, and completely obstructed the nasal passage. CT analysis revealed a large, soft tissue-attenuating and partially mineralized mass in the right nasal passage and dorsal-conchofrontal sinus, expanding into adjacent paranasal sinuses with associated bone lysis and rhinosinusitis. Histopathology of the mass on 2 occasions revealed suppurative inflammation initially, and pyogranulomatous inflammation subsequently. The inflammatory reaction surrounded numerous spherical fungal structures (~60-80 µm diameter) that stained positively on periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott methenamine silver stains. PCR for the fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions followed by Sanger sequencing on a cultured isolate identified the agent as F. flavus, which has only been reported previously as pathogenic in one horse in the United States, to our knowledge. Previous reports described this fungus as a nonpathogenic, environmental commensal fungus associated with insects and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy W Suen
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Steven Zedler
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Rochelle Price
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Tina Maguire
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Catriona Halliday
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Alana J Rosenblatt
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Rachel E Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Helen Owen
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
| | - Carlos E Medina-Torres
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Suen, Zedler, Price, Maguire, Rosenblatt, Allavena, Owen, Medina-Torres).,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (Suen).,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Halliday)
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