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Lim C, Dandrieux JRS, Ploeg R, Nowell CJ, Firestone SM, Mansfield CS. Evaluation of Ki-67, goblet cell and MUC2 mucin RNA expression in dogs with lymphoplasmacytic and granulomatous colitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 271:110740. [PMID: 38537313 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus barrier disruption may occur with chronic inflammatory enteropathies. The lack of studies evaluating mucus health in dogs with chronic colitis arises from inherent challenges with assessment of the intestinal mucus layer. It is therefore unknown if reduced goblet cell (GBC) numbers and/or mucin 2 (MUC2) expression, which are responsible for mucus production and secretion, correlate with inflammation severity in dogs with granulomatous colitis (GC) or lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis (LPC). It is undetermined if Ki-67 immunoreactivity, which has been evaluated in dogs with small intestinal inflammation, similarly correlates to histologic severity in GC and LPC. Study objectives included comparing Ki-67 immunoreactivity, GBC population and MUC2 expression in dogs with GC, LPC and non-inflamed colon; and exploring the use of ribonucleic acid (RNAscope®) in-situ hybridization (ISH) to evaluate MUC2 expression in canine colon. Formalin-fixed endoscopic colonic biopsies were obtained from 48 dogs over an eight-year period. A blinded pathologist reviewed all biopsies. Dogs were classified into the GC (n=19), LPC (n=19) or no colitis (NC) (n=10) group based on final histopathological diagnosis. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, Alcian-Blue/PAS staining to highlight GBCs, and RNAscope® ISH using customized canine MUC2-targeted probes were performed. At least five microscopic fields per dog were selected to measure Ki-67 labelling index (KI67%), GBC staining percentage (GBC%) and MUC2 expression (MUC2%) using image analysis software. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between World Small Animal Veterinary Association histologic score (WHS) and measured variables. Linear regression models were used to compare relationships between WHS with KI67%, GBC%, and MUC2%; and between GBC% and MUC2%. Median WHS was highest in dogs with GC. Median KI67% normalised to WHS was highest in the NC group (6.69%; range, 1.70-23.60%). Median GBC% did not correlate with colonic inflammation overall. Median MUC2% normalised to WHS in the NC group (10.02%; range, 3.05-39.09%) was two- and three-fold higher than in the GC and LPC groups respectively. With increased colonic inflammation, despite minimal changes in GBC% overall, MUC2 expression markedly declined in the LPC group (-27.4%; 95%-CI, -49.8, 5.9%) and mildly declined in the GC and NC groups. Granulomatous colitis and LPC likely involve different pathways regulating MUC2 expression. Decreased MUC2 gene expression is observed in dogs with chronic colitis compared to dogs without colonic signs. Changes in MUC2 expression appear influenced by GBC activity rather than quantity in GC and LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Lim
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Julien R S Dandrieux
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; The University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ploeg
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; CSIRO - Geelong, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Simon M Firestone
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline S Mansfield
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Australia
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Collier E, Scurrell E, Burgess J, Kritsiligkou E, Sands K, Featherstone H. Clinical and pathological findings in five dogs with nodular histiocytic iritis in the United Kingdom: A case series. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:184-190. [PMID: 38069564 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, histopathology, management, and outcome of nodular histiocytic iritis, an intraocular variant of nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE). METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of five dogs with intraocular NGE-type inflammation as diagnosed by histopathology. RESULTS Four Border Collies and one crossbreed dog, aged 1.5-3.4 years (mean age 2.38 years). The clinical presentation was an extensive, raised, pale iris lesion of variable location. All cases were unilateral. The physical examination was normal. Complete blood count/serum biochemistry (n = 1) and thoracic radiography (n = 1) were normal. Ocular ultrasound (n = 2) was normal apart from increased iris thickness. Enucleation (n = 4) or excisional biopsy (iridectomy, n = 1) was performed because of suspected neoplasia. Following enucleation, the remaining, contralateral eye did not develop additional lesions (9 days-3.7 years follow-up). There was no recurrence following sector iridectomy with 5 months topical 1% prednisolone acetate (3.9 years follow-up). The histopathologic findings in all five cases indicated a focal histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis (iritis), similar to that seen in cases of NGE. CONCLUSION Nodular histiocytic iritis presents as unilateral iris thickening in isolation and young Collies appear to be predisposed. The histopathological findings are similar to NGE. Although the clinical presentation resembles intraocular neoplasia, an inflammatory process should be considered, which may be amenable to medical management. Definitive diagnosis may be obtained by iris sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Burgess
- The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, UK
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Barrantes Murillo DF, Negrão Watanabe TT, Sasaki E, Pirie GJ, Wakamatsu N. Coinfection by Mycobacterium marinum and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum in a captive adult diamondback water snake causing disseminated mycobacteriosis with acute cutaneous ulceration. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:269-273. [PMID: 38205524 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231224465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An adult male captive diamondback water snake (Nerodia rhombifer) was found dead after a 1-d history of lethargy and cutaneous ulcers. The snake had eaten 2 sunfish (Mola spp.) 5 d before death. Gross examination revealed white-to-tan nodules in the lung and liver and segmental intestinal impactions with digested fish. Histopathology confirmed disseminated granulomas with numerous intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacteria in the skin, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, and intestines. Mycobacterium marinum and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum were identified by culture of the hepatic granuloma, followed by PCR and rpoB gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first description of M. marinum and M. fortuitum coinfection in this species. Although M. fortuitum has been isolated from reptiles, lesions associated with its presence in tissues have not been described previously. Interestingly, the mineralization within granulomas that we observed in our case is not reported in mycobacterial infection in reptiles, whereas this finding is common in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emi Sasaki
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Current address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Huang H, Li M, Luo M, Zheng J, Li Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Li D, Xi L, Liu H. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and Th-2 dominant immune responses in chronic granulomatous chromobalstomycosis. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae008. [PMID: 38318638 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic, granulomatous, suppurative mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, is caused by several dematiaceous fungi. The formation of granulomas, tissue proliferation, and fibrosis in response to these pathogenic fungi is believed to be intricately linked to host immunity. To understand this complex interaction, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of immune cell infiltrates, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, and the fibrosis mechanism in 20 CBM lesion biopsies using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining methods. The results revealed a significant infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells in CBM granulomas, prominently featuring a substantial presence of Th2 cells and M2 macrophages. These cells appeared to contribute to the production of collagen I and III in the late fibrosis mechanism, as well as NETs formation. The abundance of Th2 cytokines may act as a factor promoting the bias of macrophage differentiation toward M2, which hinders efficient fungal clearance while accelerates the proliferation of fibrous tissue. Furthermore, the expression of IL-17 was noted to recruit neutrophils, facilitating subsequent NETs formation within CBM granulomas to impede the spread of sclerotic cells. Understanding of these immune mechanisms holds promise for identifying therapeutic targets for managing chronic granulomatous CBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minying Li
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfen Luo
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, WA, DC, USA
| | - Liyan Xi
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ambar N, Mans C, Gasper DJ. Antemortem Diagnosis and Successful Long-term Management of Disseminated Intracoelomic Xanthogranulomatous Disease in an Eclectus Parrot ( Eclectus roratus). J Avian Med Surg 2024; 37:330-338. [PMID: 38363165 DOI: 10.1647/2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A 12-year-old male eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) was referred for evaluation of coelomic distention. Computed tomography and blood work revealed coelomic effusion with free coelomic mineral-attenuating material and elevations in the bile acids and aspartate aminotransferase activity, respectively. Coelomic effusion was consistent with macrophagic inflammation with abundant intracellular lipids. Initial treatment with meloxicam resulted in minimal patient improvement. Disseminated xanthogranulomatous inflammation was suspected based on imaging and diagnostic laboratory results, which were consistent with those previously reported. Biopsy samples of liver tissue and intracoelomic masses confirmed this diagnosis. Treatment was initiated with prednisolone 1 mg/kg/d for 6 months, followed by 0.5 mg/kg/d for 3 months. Clinical improvement was assessed based on owner evaluation, plasma bile acid concentrations, and repeated computed tomographic scans. After 2 months of treatment, the owner reported improved behavior and appetite; this persisted throughout treatment and when the bird was reexamined 17 months following the cessation of steroid therapy. Bile acid concentrations were normal 10 months after the prednisolone therapy was discontinued. Diagnostic imaging showed minimal coelomic effusion 10 months after the last prednisolone dose was administered, with improved ventilation of the air sacs and static to improved dystrophic mineral foci. This report describes the antemortem diagnosis and treatment of disseminated coelomic xanthogranulomatous disease in a psittacine species, with an observed measurable therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Ambar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christoph Mans
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA,
| | - David J Gasper
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Ilha MRS, Weaver D, Graham EA. Granulomatous dermatitis caused by Exserohilum mcginnisii infection in a cow. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:137-141. [PMID: 37933786 PMCID: PMC10734578 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231210861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-y-old, Piedmontese cow had a 4-mo history of ongoing development of skin masses. This was the only cow affected in a herd of 20 cows. Up to 12, hairless, red-to-black, raised nodules-to-plaques were distributed along the dorsum and tail head. Biopsies were taken for histopathology and ancillary testing. An ulcerated skin section contained dermal infiltrates of eosinophils, plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleate giant cells, and pyogranulomas. Fungal hyphae were seen within the dermis, multinucleate giant cells, and pyogranulomas. In pyogranulomas, fungi were surrounded by a Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. Dematiaceous (pigmented) hyphae were rarely observed with H&E-stained and unstained (cleared and mounted) sections, but stained well with a Fontana-Masson stain. Exserohilum mcginnisii was identified by fungal culture, followed by PCR assay and sequencing. Exserohilum is a dematiaceous fungus that causes disease in humans and rarely in animals. The use of unstained sections and Fontana-Masson stain are important to demonstrate pigment because dematiaceous fungi have little melanin and appear as hyaline hyphae histologically. PCR assay and sequencing aid in the differentiation and classification of fungal species. To our knowledge, E. mcginnisii dermal granulomas have not been reported previously in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R. S. Ilha
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | | | - Erin A. Graham
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
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Ceplecha V, Shea A, Frances M, Proks P, Williams J, Irving J, Rehakova K, Vlasin M, Mala B, Miller A. Auricular myoclonus associated with intra-abdominal botryomycosis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:806. [PMID: 37661781 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Ceplecha
- Vale Referrals, Stinchcombe, Dursley, Gloucestershire, GL11 6HF, UK
| | - A Shea
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- VetCT, Broers Building, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - M Frances
- VetCT, Broers Building, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - P Proks
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - J Williams
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - J Irving
- Harper & Keele Veterinary School, Keele, Newcastle, Staffordshire, ST5 5NS, UK
| | - K Rehakova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - M Vlasin
- Vale Referrals, Stinchcombe, Dursley, Gloucestershire, GL11 6HF, UK
| | - B Mala
- Vale Referrals, Stinchcombe, Dursley, Gloucestershire, GL11 6HF, UK
| | - A Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850-6401, USA
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Hamed MG, Gómez-Laguna J, Larenas-Muñoz F, Mahmoud AZ, Ali FAZ, Abd-Elghaffar SK. Monitoring the immune response of macrophages in tuberculous granuloma through the expression of CD68, iNOS and HLA-DR in naturally infected beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:220. [PMID: 37865747 PMCID: PMC10589937 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis still represents a universal threat that creates a wider range of public and animal health impacts. One of the most important steps in the pathogenesis of this disease and granuloma formation is the phagocytosis of tuberculous bacilli by macrophages. Mycobacteria replicate in macrophages, which are crucial to the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infections; however, scarce information is available about the dynamics of the granuloma-stage immunological response. Therefore, immunohistochemistry was used in this work to evaluate the expression of CD68, iNOS, and HLA-DR in different stages of TB granulomas from naturally infected cattle with tuberculosis. Two thousand, one hundred and fifty slaughtered beef cattle were examined during the period from September 2020 to March 2022. Sixty of them showed gross tuberculous pulmonary lesions and samples were collected from all of them for histopathological examination, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, and bacteriological culturing. Selected samples that yielded a positive result for ZN and mycobacterial culturing were subjected to an immunohistochemical study of CD68, iNOS, and HLA-DR expression by macrophages according to granuloma stages. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the immunolabeling of CD68+, iNOS+, and HLA-DR+ macrophages significantly reduced as the stage of granuloma increased from stage I to stage IV (P < 0.003, P < 0.002, and P < 0.002, respectively). The distribution of immunolabeled macrophages was similar for the three markers, with immunolabeled macrophages distributed throughout early-stage granulomas (I, II), and surrounding the necrotic core in late-stage granulomas (III, IV). Our results suggest a polarization to the pro-inflammatory environment and increased expression of CD68+, iNOS+, and HLA-DR+ macrophages in the early stages of granulomas (I, II), which may play a protective role in the immune response of naturally infected beef cattle with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G Hamed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, 14014, Spain
| | - Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, 14014, Spain
| | - Abdelzaher Z Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Sary Kh Abd-Elghaffar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
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De Magistris AV, Linta N, Specchi S, Procoli F, Sabattini S, Diana A, Donato PD. Ultrasonographic features of intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis in 10 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:973-981. [PMID: 37366587 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis (ILL) is a granulomatous inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the intestinal wall and mesentery characterized by lipogranulomas. The purpose of this retrospective, multi-center, case series study is to report the ultrasonographic features of canine ILL. Ten dogs with a histologically confirmed ILL undergoing preoperative abdominal ultrasound were retrospectively included. Additional CT was available in two cases. Lesion distribution was focal in eight dogs and multifocal in two. All dogs presented with intestinal wall thickening and two had a concomitant mesenteric mass adjacent to the intestinal lesion. All lesions were in the small intestine. Ultrasonographic features were altered wall layering with predominantly muscular and to a lesser extent submucosal layer thickening. Other findings included hyperechoic nodular tissue within the muscular, serosa/subserosal, and mucosal layers, hyperechoic perilesional mesentery, enlarged submucosal blood/lymphatic vessels, mild peritoneal effusion, intestinal corrugation, and mild lymphadenomegaly. The two intestinal to mesenteric masses presented heterogeneous echostructure, predominantly hyperechoic with multiple hypo/anechoic cavitations filled with mixed fluid and fat attenuation content on CT. Histopathological findings included lymphangiectasia, granulomatous inflammation, and structured lipogranulomas affecting mainly submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The intestinal to mesenteric cavitary masses revealed severe granulomatous peritonitis with steatonecrosis. In conclusion, ILL should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with this combination of ultrasonographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela V De Magistris
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Anicura Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi", Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nikolina Linta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Swan Specchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Anicura Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi", Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Procoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anicura Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi", Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Pamela Di Donato
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Anicura Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi", Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
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Ferreras-Colino E, Moreno I, Gortázar C, Sevilla I, Agulló-Ros I, Domínguez L, Juste R, Risalde MA, Domínguez M. Oral immunization with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis reduces local parasite dissemination and hepatic granuloma development in mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104963. [PMID: 37517297 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to explore whether oral immunization with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB) protects mice against Leishmania infection, 18 female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to the immunized group, that received oral HIMB, or the control group, and were infected by inoculation of 10,000 Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes in the footpad. Spleen culture was positive in 55.55% of immunized mice and in 100% of control mice (p = 0.082). The number of immunolabeled amastigotes number in the popliteal lymph node was lower in the immunized group (p = 0.009). The immunized group presented fewer mature granulomas in the liver (p = 0.005) and more Lys + macrophages (p = 0.002) and fewer CD3+ T lymphocytes (p < 0.001) per hepatic granuloma. We conclude that immunization with HIMB via the oral route limited local parasite dissemination and hepatic granuloma development in mice challenged with Leishmania amazonensis through stimulation of macrophages, which is compatible with trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferreras-Colino
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iker Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene Agulló-Ros
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maria A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Jondeau C, Guyonnet A, Losada A, Laloy E, Reyes-Gomez E, Le Dudal M, Chahory S. A case of lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis in a horse. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:452-457. [PMID: 37517078 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a case of lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis in a horse. ANIMAL STUDIED A client-owned 12-year-old Standardbred gelding presenting with chronic conjunctivitis and palpebral masses. METHODS Complete ophthalmic examination, surgical excision, histopathology, and bacterial culture of biopsy samples were performed. RESULTS Upper and lower eyelids of both eyes were affected, with multiple yellow-to-white nodules on the palpebral conjunctiva, adjacent to the eyelid margin. Nodule removal was achieved via partial tarsal plate excision. Histopathological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation and large droplets of presumed free lipid in the conjunctival lamina propria. The animal was diagnosed with lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis. No postoperative ocular discomfort was observed for months; however, 3 years later, new conjunctival nodules were noticed, requiring a second surgical procedure on three of the eyelids. Transient entropion in the left lower eyelid was observed 2 months after the second surgery, and no recurrence of conjunctival nodules was observed after 18 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jondeau
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Unité d'Ophtalmologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - A Guyonnet
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Atlantia, Unité d'Ophtalmologie, Nantes, France
| | - A Losada
- Clinique Vétérinaire Equine du Grand Renaud, Saint Saturnin, France
| | - E Laloy
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie pathologique, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - E Reyes-Gomez
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie pathologique, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M Le Dudal
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie pathologique, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Chahory
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Unité d'Ophtalmologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
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12
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Tanaka Y, Watanabe K, Miller AD, Matsumoto K, Kobayashi Y. Cholesterol granuloma associated with degenerative neuropathy in the cauda equina of a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:1010-1014. [PMID: 35993288 PMCID: PMC9597343 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-y-old Labrador Retriever dog had mild ataxia of the hindlimbs 4 mo after lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy for intervertebral disk disease. Ataxia of the hindlimbs gradually worsened over the next 6 y. On autopsy, gross lesions were not recognized in the spinal cord. Histopathology revealed an intradural extraparenchymal cholesterol granuloma in the cauda equina associated with remnant nerve roots. Nerves associated with the cholesterol granuloma had axonal degeneration, myelin vacuolation, and edema. In those foci, macrophages were increased in number between nerve fibers. Immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein and Luxol fast blue staining highlighted the presence of remnant axons and myelin sheaths within the granuloma. Inflammatory cell infiltrates in the granuloma were mainly macrophages and CD3- or CD20-immunopositive T or B lymphocytes, respectively. We conclude that the cholesterol granuloma likely formed subsequent to degenerative neuropathy in the cauda equina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Andrew David Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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13
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Neila C, Rebollada-Merino A, Bezos J, de Juan L, Domínguez L, Rodríguez-Bertos A. Extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen I) immunoexpression in goat tuberculous granulomas (Mycobacterium caprae). Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1147-1156. [PMID: 36136210 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The lesion resulting from the interaction between Mycobacterium and the host immune response is the tuberculous granuloma. Tuberculous granulomas, except in incipient stages, are partially or totally encapsulated by connective tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the immunoexpression of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen I in granulomas caused by Mycobacterium caprae in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) to understand capsule development at different granuloma stages. For this purpose, a retrospective study of 56 samples of tuberculous granulomas in lung (n = 30) and mediastinal lymph node (n = 26) from 17 goats naturally infected with M. caprae in stages I (n = 15), II (n = 14) and III (n = 27) was carried out. Fibronectin immunoreaction was extracellular, fibrillar-reticular in the center of stage I, II and III granulomas and peripheral in stages II and III granulomas. Collagen III immunoexpression was extracellular and fibrillar in the center of stages I, II and III tuberculous granulomas in lung and mediastinal lymph node, and progressive expression was observed in the periphery of stages II and III granulomas. Finally, collagen I immunoexpression was extracellular and fibrillar, showing a progressive loss of central expression and an increase in peripheral expression in stage III granulomas compared to stage I granulomas. Immunoexpression of these extracellular matrix proteins could help understand fibrogenesis and dating in tuberculous granuloma in both animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neila
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Rebollada-Merino
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Turner M. Cutaneous staphylococcal granuloma in a cat. Can Vet J 2021; 62:1225-1227. [PMID: 34728851 PMCID: PMC8543689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 4.5-year-old domestic longhaired cat with a history of psychogenic alopecia and self-trauma exhibited progressive, severe, and extensive nodular and draining lesions on the ventral abdomen. Euthanasia was elected. A diagnosis of the rare skin disease, staphylococcal granuloma, was subsequently made based upon postmortem and histopathology findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morganna Turner
- Ontario Veterinary College, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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15
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Podico G, Lago-Alvarez Y, Carossino M, Ferrer MS, Arnold CE, Canisso IF. Epididymal Sperm Granuloma and Antisperm Antibodies in Donkeys. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 101:103450. [PMID: 33993945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe and compare semen parameters (pre-freeze and post-freezing) and antisperm antibodies (ASA) of donkeys with epididymal sperm granuloma and healthy controls. Feral donkeys (n = 10) castrated in a concurrent study were enrolled in the present experiment. Three donkeys had unilateral granulomas, two donkeys had bilateral granulomas, whereas the remaining five had grossly normal epididymides. The granulomas were either single or multiple, firm, well-circumscribed, tan to red, and 1-5 mm in size. Upon incision, abundant, thick, tan to white-yellow fluid was recovered. Histopathology revealed epithelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and abundant sperm cell fragments with mineralized cellular debris. Each epididymis was dissected, and semen harvested for cryopreservation. Semen was assessed for sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. All donkeys had semen cryopreserved in a standard manner. In addition, post-thaw semen from all donkeys was assessed for ASA (IgG and IgA), acrosome integrity and morphology. Post-thaw, the progressive sperm motility and the percentage of sperm with an intact plasma membrane were reduced in donkeys with sperm granuloma (P = 0.04). There was no difference in total sperm motility, morphology, or damaged acrosome across groups (P > 0.05). Three donkeys with sperm granuloma (60%) displayed increased IgG and IgA ASA. In conclusion, sperm granulomas only marginally affected sperm quality and resulted in IgG ASA binding to sperm with damaged plasma membrane. It remains to be determined if sperm granuloma and ASA affect fertility in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana IL
| | - Yamilka Lago-Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana IL
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Maria S Ferrer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Carolyn E Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana IL.
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16
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Arnold M, Richard O, Gurtner C, Nathues H, Grahofer A. A case report: Actinobaculum suis infection associated with formation of pyogranuloma, epididymitis and azoospermia in a boar. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:6. [PMID: 33407446 PMCID: PMC7788979 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobaculum suis is a bacterium known to cause infections of the urogenital tract of sows. Infection can occur through close contact to boars, who frequently carry the pathogen in their preputial diverticulum but do not become clinically diseased themselves. In the current case, Actinobaculum suis was isolated from pyogranuloma of inflamed epididymis in a boar with poor fertility. CASE PRESENTATION Increased return to oestrus rate, which worsened after the purchase of a new boar, was reported in an organic farm in Switzerland. During herd examination, azoospermia of the boar was diagnosed, and slaughter, followed by examination of its urogenital tract, was carried out. Pathologically, pyogranuloma formation and epididymitis were diagnosed. Bacteriology of the pyogranulomas showed growth of Actinobaculum suis and mixed flora. After the boar was replaced, the return to oestrus rate improved tremendously. CONCLUSION A close relative of Actinobaculum suis, namely Actinotignum schaalii, has already been associated with epididymitis in humans. Considering the present case and the parallels in human medicine, Actinobaculum suis should be included in the list of differentials of boars with poor fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Arnold
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Swine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Olivia Richard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, CH, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, CH, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Nathues
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Swine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grahofer
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Swine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Echeverría I, de Miguel R, Asín J, Rodríguez-Largo A, Fernández A, Pérez M, de Andrés D, Luján L, Reina R. Replication of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Aluminum Hydroxide-Induced Granulomas in Sheep: a Potential New Factor for Viral Dissemination. J Virol 2020; 95:e01859-20. [PMID: 33115880 PMCID: PMC7944437 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01859-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-based salts are widely used adjuvants in ruminants and other species to strengthen the immune response elicited against vaccine antigen(s). However, they can lead to the formation of long-lasting granulomas composed of abundant activated macrophages. Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are widely distributed macrophage-tropic retroviruses that cause persistent infections in sheep and goats. Infected monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells establish an inflammatory microenvironment that eventually leads to clinical manifestations. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Al-induced granulomas in the replication and pathogenesis of SRLV. Eleven adult, naturally SRLV-infected sheep showing clinical arthritis were distributed in vaccine (n = 6), adjuvant-only (n = 3), and control (n = 2) groups and inoculated with commercial Al-based vaccines, Al hydroxide adjuvant alone, or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrated viral replication in Al-induced granulomas in 5 out of 10 sheep. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) evinced granular, intracytoplasmic SRLV presence in macrophages within granulomas. Viral sequences obtained from granulomas, blood monocytes, and other tissues were highly similar in most animals, suggesting virus circulation among body compartments. However, notable differences between isolated strains in granulomas and other tissues in specific animals were also noted. Interestingly, the B2 subtype was the most commonly found SRLV genotype, reaching a wider body distribution than previously described. Recombination events between genotypes B2 and A3 along the gag region were identified in two sheep. Our results indicate that Al-hydroxide-derived granulomas may represent an ideal compartment for SRLV replication, perhaps altering natural SRLV infection by providing a new, suitable target tissue.IMPORTANCE Granulomas are inflammation-derived structures elicited by foreign bodies or certain infections. Aluminum adjuvants included in vaccines induce granulomas in many species. In sheep, these are persistent and consist of activated macrophages. Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV), which are macrophage-tropic lentiviruses, cause a chronic wasting disease affecting animal welfare and production. Here, we studied the occurrence of SRLV in postvaccination granulomas retrieved from naturally infected ewes after vaccination or inoculation with aluminum only. SRLV infection was confirmed in granulomas by identification of viral proteins, genomic fragments, and enzymatic activity. The infecting SRLV strain, previously found exclusively in carpal joints, reached the central nervous system, suggesting that occurrence of SRLV in postvaccination granulomas may broaden tissue tropism. SRLV recombination was detected in inoculated animals, a rare event in sheep lentiviruses. Potentially, virus-host interactions within granulomas may modify viral pathogenesis and lead to more widespread infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irache Echeverría
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Ricardo de Miguel
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Asín
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
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18
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Poudyal S, Pulpipat T, Wang PC, Chen SC. Comparison of the pathogenicity of Francisella orientalis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) through experimental intraperitoneal infection. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:1097-1106. [PMID: 32700447 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Francisella orientalis is a highly virulent, emerging bacterium that causes mass mortalities in tilapia. This pathogen also affects numerous other warm-water fish species, including three-line grunt, hybrid striped bass and various ornamental fish. This study sheds light on two new species of fish that are susceptible to F. orientalis. Asian seabass and largemouth bass showed variable levels of susceptibility in a bacterial challenge experiment. After intraperitoneally injected with a dose of 106 CFU/fish, a total of 64.28% and 21.42% mortalities were obtained in Asian seabass and largemouth bass, respectively. Meanwhile, Nile tilapia showed acute mortality of 100%. All fish showed typical lesions of francisellosis, including multifocal granulomas in the spleen and head kidney. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong positive signals inside the granulomas of all fish. The bacterial recovery in solid media from infected fish was highest in Nile tilapia (85.71%), followed by Asian seabass (35.71%) and largemouth bass (21.42%). PCR results tested 100% positive for Nile tilapia, and 78.57% and 21.42% for Asian seabass and largemouth bass, respectively. In conclusion, Asian seabass and largemouth bass are susceptible to this pathogen, which warrants new management strategies when employing predation polyculture systems of these species with tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuj Poudyal
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Theeraporn Pulpipat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Giuliano A, Watson P, Owen L, Skelly B, Davison L, Dobson J, Costantino‐Casas F. Idiopathic sterile pyogranuloma in three domestic cats. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:202-205. [PMID: 29761888 PMCID: PMC7166439 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyogranulomatous inflammation has been extensively described in cats, in particular in cases of feline infectious peritonitis and also associated with Mycobacteria, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and fungal infections. Idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous dermatitis has also been described. In this case series we describe the clinical presentation, histopathology and outcome of three cases of feline idiopathic sterile steroid-responsive pyogranuloma with different presentation and different locations of the lesion, but with the common feature of having a mass with no superficial skin involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0ESUK
| | - P. Watson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0ESUK
| | - L. Owen
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0ESUK
| | - B. Skelly
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0ESUK
| | - L. Davison
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0ESUK
| | - J. Dobson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0ESUK
| | - F. Costantino‐Casas
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0ESUK
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20
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Abstract
Rhodococcus equi infection in horses is common and is characterized by pyogranulomatous pneumonia and ulcerative enterocolitis. R. equi clinical disease in cattle, however, is rare and typically manifests as granulomatous lymphadenitis discovered in the abattoir. A 19-mo-old female Santa Gertrudis had a history of intermittent inappetence and weight loss for a 3-mo period before euthanasia. Gross and histologic examination revealed severe, chronic, ulcerative, and granulomatous inflammation in the tongue, pharynx, and small intestine. Also, the heifer had severe, granulomatous pharyngeal and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Bacterial cultures from the ileum, tongue, and liver yielded numerous-to-moderate numbers of R. equi. PCR analysis of the isolate detected the linear virulence plasmid vapN, which is often identified in bovine isolates (traA- and vapN-positive). The bacteria also lack the circular plasmids vapA and vapB that are associated with virulence in horses and swine, respectively. We report herein an atypical and unusual clinical presentation of R. equi infection in cattle, which has zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Saied
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture Food & Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY (Saied, Bolin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Bryan)
| | - Laura K Bryan
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture Food & Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY (Saied, Bolin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Bryan)
| | - David C Bolin
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture Food & Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY (Saied, Bolin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Bryan)
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21
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Carrisoza-Urbina J, Morales-Salinas E, Bedolla-Alva MA, Hernández-Pando R, Gutiérrez-Pabello JA. Atypical granuloma formation in Mycobacterium bovis-infected calves. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218547. [PMID: 31306432 PMCID: PMC6629060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes granuloma formation. Characterization of granulomatous lesions of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) experimentally infected cattle has helped to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease. However, few studies have described granulomas found in M. bovis naturally infected cattle. The aim of this work was to examine granulomas from Holstein-Friesian cattle naturally infected with M. bovis from a dairy basin located in the central region of Mexico. Tissue samples from thirty-two cattle with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected post-mortem. Fifteen of the 32 sampled animals (46.8%) were 4 months of age or younger (calves), whereas the rest (53.2%, 17/32) were over one year old (adults). Macroscopic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were found in the mediastinal lymph node chain of all animals (32/32). From the 1,143 granulomatous lesions that were microscopically analyzed, 34.6% (396/1143) were collected from adult animals and subsequently classified according to the nomenclature suggested by Wangoo et al., 2005. Surprisingly, lesions from calf tissues showed an atypical pattern which could not be fitted into the established developmental stages of this classification. Granulomatous lesions found in calves covered most of the affected organ, histologically showed large necrotic areas with central calcification, absence of a connective tissue capsule, and few giant cells. Also, there was a higher percentage of lesions with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) when compared to studied granulomas in adults. Growth of Mycobacterium spp was detected in 11 bacteriological tissue cultures. Genotypic identification of M. bovis was performed by DNA extraction from bacterial isolates, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and samples without bacterial isolation. M. bovis was detected by PCR in 84.3% (27/32) of the studied cases; whereas other AFB were observed in tissues of the remaining sampled animals (5/32). Our results describe atypical granuloma formation in calves 4 months of age or younger, naturally infected with M. bovis. These findings contribute to better understanding the physiopathology of M. bovis infection in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Carrisoza-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Tuberculosis Bovina, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Morales-Salinas
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario A. Bedolla-Alva
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Unidad de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José A. Gutiérrez-Pabello
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Tuberculosis Bovina, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Koziol JH, Walz H, Maxwell HS, Passler T, Wolfe DF. Theriogenology Question of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:1217-1221. [PMID: 29701522 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.10.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Vilela R, Bossart GD, St Leger JA, Dalton LM, Reif JS, Schaefer AM, McCarthy PJ, Fair PA, Mendoza L. Cutaneous Granulomas in Dolphins Caused by Novel Uncultivated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:2063-2069. [PMID: 27869614 PMCID: PMC5189160 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.160860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our findings could stimulate study of public health implications of diseases caused by this fungus. Cutaneous granulomas in dolphins were believed to be caused by Lacazia loboi, which also causes a similar disease in humans. This hypothesis was recently challenged by reports that fungal DNA sequences from dolphins grouped this pathogen with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. We conducted phylogenetic analysis of fungi from 6 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with cutaneous granulomas and chains of yeast cells in infected tissues. Kex gene sequences of P. brasiliensis from dolphins showed 100% homology with sequences from cultivated P. brasiliensis, 73% with those of L. loboi, and 93% with those of P. lutzii. Parsimony analysis placed DNA sequences from dolphins within a cluster with human P. brasiliensis strains. This cluster was the sister taxon to P. lutzii and L. loboi. Our molecular data support previous findings and suggest that a novel uncultivated strain of P. brasiliensis restricted to cutaneous lesions in dolphins is probably the cause of lacaziosis/lobomycosis, herein referred to as paracoccidioidomycosis ceti.
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24
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Phillips ACN, Suepaul R, Soto E. Ocular localization of mycobacterial lesions in tank-reared juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1799-1804. [PMID: 28745814 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe clinical mycobacteriosis with consistent ocular lesion localization was diagnosed in a population of 800 juvenile tank-reared Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) which experienced a sudden increase in mortality approximately 5 months after arriving into Trinidad and Tobago from Florida, USA. Moderate daily mortality (15-20 animals per day) persisted for just over 1 month. Moribund fish displayed circling behaviour and had an open-mouth gape upon death. Fish consistently presented with bilateral exophthalmia, corneal cloudiness and hyphema. Non-branching acid-fast rods were detected in aqueous humour touch preparations. Histological analysis revealed severe bilateral intra-ocular granulomatous responses in all specimens. Mycobacterium sp. was identified using a real-time PCR assay detecting the RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene in different tissue samples. Specimens did not present with characteristic granulomatous responses usually seen in viscera. To the best of our knowledge, this represents only the third documentation of piscine mycobacterial infection presenting with only localized ocular lesions, and the second documented case of mycobacteriosis in cobia. It is, however, the first documentation of an ocular presentation of mycobacteriosis in a marine species and is the first documentation of such a presentation in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C N Phillips
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - R Suepaul
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - E Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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25
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Guo H, Mao Z, Ge C. Identification and characterization of a phospholipase A1 activity type three secreted protein, PP_ExoU from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida NB2011, the causative agent of visceral granulomas disease in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:831-840. [PMID: 27734506 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida NB2011, the causative agent of visceral granulomas disease in farmed Larimichthys crocea in China, encodes a predicted type three effector PP_ExoU, a homolog of the cytotoxin ExoU of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, secretion of PP_ExoU was tested in various broth, the protein was expressed with the pET30a prokaryotic system, the phospholipase A (PLA) activity of the recombinant protein was determined with fluorogenic phospholipid substrates, fusion expression with green fluorescent protein in transfected HeLa cells was investigated, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was measured. The results showed the protein was type three secreted in several media; the recombinant protein displayed significant PLA1 activity with ubiquitin. Fluorescence was observed on the cell membrane and scattered in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells expressing catalytic wild-type PP_ExoU, blebbing and stretching developed in the cell membranes indicating of membrane damage. Fluorescence scattered in the cytoplasm of cells expressing the catalytic inactive protein. A significant LDH level was detected in HeLa cells expressing wild-type PP_exoU, but not in the Ser/Asp-mutated protein, suggestion mutation of predicted catalytic residues abolished the PLA activity. This is the first report on the function of a secreted type three protein from P. plecoglossicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Y Wang
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - H Guo
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Mao
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - C Ge
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
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26
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Antuofermo E, Pais A, Polinas M, Cubeddu T, Righetti M, Sanna MA, Prearo M. Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum in reared mullets: first evidence from Sardinia (Italy). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:327-337. [PMID: 27368155 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum is a slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium, and it is considered the most common aetiologic agent of mycobacteriosis in wild and cultured fish. The diagnosis is principally made by histology when positive Ziehl-Neelsen stain granulomas are detected. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in extensively cultured Mugilidae of two lagoons (Cabras and San Teodoro) from Sardinia by the use of histology, microbiology, PCR and DNA sequencing. Nine of 106 mullets examined were affected by mycobacteriosis, and the spleen was the most affected organ. The histology detected higher rate (100%) of infection in spleen than the culture and PCR (75% and 62.5%, respectively). The sequencing of hsp65 gene identified M. marinum as the primary cause of mycobacteriosis in the mullets examined. Mullets affected by mycobacteriosis were mainly fished in the San Teodoro lagoon characterized by critical environmental conditions. Histology remains the most common method in detecting fish affected by mycobacteriosis, and PCR-based methods are essential for species identification. Our finding are worthy of attention because mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum in reared mullets was evidenced for the first time in Sardinia, suggesting that this disease may be underestimated also in other cultured fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Pais
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Section of Animal Sciences, Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - T Cubeddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Righetti
- Fish Disease Laboratory, State Veterinary Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy
| | - M A Sanna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Prearo
- Fish Disease Laboratory, State Veterinary Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy
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Abstract
An adult Domestic Longhair cat developed a subcutaneous mass in its tail. Histologically, this mass consisted of ill-defined pyogranulomas centered around aggregates of gram-positive, acid-fast filamentous bacteria, consistent with Nocardia. Due to the lack of fresh samples, DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections and subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene encompassing Nocardia sp.-specific sequences. Sequences analyzed using the GenBank database revealed 99.5% homology with Nocardia spp. and had the highest sequence homology of 98.2% with Nocardia tenerifensis among Nocardia spp. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of detection of N. tenerifensis genome associated with cutaneous nocardiosis in an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Ramos-Vara
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Abstract
An 8-year-old cat with recent-onset generalized seizures was diagnosed with a right forebrain mass using magnetic resonance imaging. The mass was excised and upon histologic and immunohistochemical examination shown to be a Toxoplasma gondii granuloma. Serology supported active T gondii infection. The cat was treated with phenobarbital to control seizures. After definitive diagnosis of toxoplasma granuloma, clindamycin was administered for approximately 1 month. Seizures recurred 8 months after initial presentation, and the cat was euthanased at the owner's request. This is a previously unreported manifestation of feline central nervous system toxoplasmosis. When a mass lesion is present in the brain of a cat and serologic test results support active infection with T gondii, toxoplasma granuloma must be a differential diagnosis. If the patient is suffering from clinical disease, surgical resection of the mass (if possible) can be complimented with medical treatment until definitive diagnosis is obtained. Immunocompromising factors should be identified and addressed if possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Pfohl
- Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center, 4444 Trinity Mills Road, Suite 203, Dallas, TX 75287, USA.
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Al-Jubury A, LaPatra S, Christensen ND, Zuo S, Tafalla C, Buchmann K. Exclusion of IgD-, IgT- and IgM-positive immune cells in Ichthyophonus-induced granulomas in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 2016; 39:1399-1402. [PMID: 27136045 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Jubury
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - S LaPatra
- Clear Springs Foods, Inc., Research Division, Buhl, ID, USA
| | - N D Christensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - S Zuo
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - C Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Buchmann
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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31
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Schultz BK, Palmieri C, Nicolson V, Larkin R, Keeley T, McGowan M, Johnston SD. First report of a spermatic granuloma and varicocele in a marsupial: A Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Case Study. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:30-33. [PMID: 27473971 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first documented clinical case of a spermatic granuloma and varicocele in a marsupial. Initial clinical presentation included gross morphological changes in the left scrotal cord, epididymis and testis. Ultrasonography of the scrotum and spermatic cord, and gross and histopathological examination after hemicastration, confirmed the condition as a spermatic granuloma affecting the left caput epididymis, with a varicocele in the left proximal spermatic cord, which was causing azoospermia and infertility. Semen quality and serum testosterone secretion following a GnRH challenge was assessed prior to, and following surgery. After hemi-castration, an increase in androgen secretion to within normal reference ranges for the koala was observed with a subsequent increase in semen production and sperm quality resulting in the sire of a pouch young, 12months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Schultz
- Wildlife Science Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia.
| | - C Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia
| | | | - R Larkin
- Moggill Koala Hospital, Queensland Department of Environment Heritage, Moggill 4070, Australia
| | - T Keeley
- Wildlife Science Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia
| | - M McGowan
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia
| | - S D Johnston
- Wildlife Science Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia
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Abstract
An 8-year-old, male neutered Irish Setter was presented with a 2-week history of pain upon opening the mouth and chronic otitis externa. Computed tomography examination revealed destruction of the left tympanic bulla with a soft-tissue density within the remains of the tympanic cavity. Cytology of aspirates collected from tissue adjacent to the tympanic bulla revealed suppurative inflammation and bacteria. A ventral bulla osteotomy was performed. Histopathology of granulation tissue within the remains of the tympanic cavity was diagnostic of cholesterol granuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Fliegner
- The Department of the Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030 Australia.
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Moreno B, Aduriz G, Garrido JM, Sevilla I, Juste RA. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in a pet Korean squirrel (Sciuris vulgaris coreae). Vet Pathol 2016; 44:123-5. [PMID: 17197638 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-1-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection was diagnosed in a pet Korean squirrel. Grossly, multiple small nodules in the lung, liver, spleen, and skin were observed. Adrenal glands were very enlarged. The only tissue exhibiting necrosis and calcification was a very enlarged bronchial lymph node. The remaining lymph nodes were slightly enlarged. Moderate ascites was also observed. Microscopically, a disseminated granulomatous inflammation with numerous lymphocytes was seen. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in macrophages, in giant cells, free in the interstitium, and in some lymphatic vessels, both within cells and free in the lumen. M. avium subsp. avium was isolated and identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Moreno
- Neiker (Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario), Berreaga 1, 48160-Derio Bizkaia, Spain.
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Abstract
This study addressed histologic and immunopathologic changes in ocular tissues and investigated the distribution of major histocompatibility class II (MHC class II)-positive cells in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) suffering from severe postvaccination disease. Twenty-nine fish with generalized inflammation, probably a result of vaccination, were investigated. One individual that had escaped vaccination was included in the study. Material was investigated by cultivation methods for fungi and bacteria. Histology using conventional staining procedures and immunohistochemistry with antisera against MHC class II β chain were performed. No growth was observed from the cultivation investigations. Histology revealed occlusion of the lumen in the larger choroid vessels and in the choriocapillaris, inflammatory infiltrations and loss of structure in the choroid rete, and, in some cases, aggregations of multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and Splendore-Hoeppli material. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated massive MHC class II+ cellular infiltrations in the uveal tract. Such infiltrations were also seen in the ventral ciliary cleft, a condition that is associated with glaucoma. Immunoreactive cells included dendritelike cells, epithelioid cells, and MGCs. The endothelia of smaller vessels were frequently MHC class II+, and immunoreactive infiltrations were seen in the optic nerve in several individuals. No pathologic changes were detected in the unvaccinated individual. In conclusion, generalized inflammatory reactions in fish may lead to severe ocular inflammation, occlusion of uveal vessels, and perivascular changes with MHC class II+ upregulation in cells in the uveal tract and optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Koppang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway.
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35
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Soldati G, Lu ZH, Vaughan L, Polkinghorne A, Zimmermann DR, Huder JB, Pospischil A. Detection of Mycobacteria and Chlamydiae in Granulomatous Inflammation of Reptiles: A Retrospective Study. Vet Pathol 2016; 41:388-97. [PMID: 15232139 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-4-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study on reptile tissues presenting with granulomatous inflammation was performed to detect the possible presence of mycobacteria and chlamydiae in these lesions. Ninety cases including 48 snakes, 27 chelonians, and 15 lizards were selected. Mycobacteria were detected by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and a broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing. To detect chlamydiae, immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a Chlamydiales order-specific PCR and sequencing were applied. Acid-fast bacilli were found in 14 cases (15.6%) by ZN staining and in 23 cases (25.6%) by PCR. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MOTT). Chlamydial LPS antigen was observed within granulomas from five samples (5.6%), whereas the PCR screen revealed 58 positive cases (64.4%). Of these, 9 cases (10%) showed 98–99% similarity to Chlamydophila ( Cp.) pneumoniae and 49 cases (54.4%) displayed a high similarity (88–97%) to the newly described “Chlamydia-like” microorganisms Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Simkania negevensis. Results from this study confirm, on the one hand, that MOTT are probably the most important infectious etiology for granulomatous inflammation in reptiles. On the other hand, they indicate that chlamydia infects reptiles and that Cp. pneumoniae should be considered an etiological agent of granulomatous lesions of reptiles. Because both MOTT and Cp. pneumoniae are human pathogens, the potential of zoonotic transmission from reptiles to humans has to be considered. In contrast, the significance of Chlamydia-like isolates remains completely open, and further studies are needed to evaluate their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Soldati
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Mihalca AD, Fictum P, Skoric M, Sloboda M, Kärvemo S, Ghira I, Carlsson M, Modry D. Severe Granulomatous Lesions in Several Organs from Eustrongylides Larvae in a Free-ranging Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:103-5. [PMID: 17197633 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-1-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During an extensive study regarding the epidemiology of larval Eustrongylides infestation in a free-ranging endangered population of dice snakes ( Natrix tessellata) from Histria, Romania, an adult female was euthanized to evaluate pathologic changes. Parasites appeared as nodules at various locations: in subcutaneous connective tissues, on the serosae of the intestines and liver. Histologic sections revealed nematode larvae surrounded by a capsule, forming a parasitic granuloma with 3 layers: macrophage layer, lymphocyte layer, and fibrous capsule. Differences between newly formed and mature granulomas consisted mainly in the eosinophilic infiltration. Other types of parasitic granulomas of reptiles are discussed in comparison with our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Mihalca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Abstract
Moniliella suaveolens was isolated in pure culture from histologically typical phaeohyphomycotic granulomas containing dematiaceous fungi in two cats. One cat had several slow-growing black lesions up to 2 cm in diameter in the abdominal subcutis. These lesions recurred after surgical excision was attempted. The second cat had a single black subcutaneous 0.5 × 1.5-cm lesion near one dewclaw. This lesion was successfully removed surgically without recurrence. M. suaveolens has not been isolated previously from lesions in animals including man.
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38
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Abstract
Rare cases of thymic granulomatous lesions were found in pigs. The lesions consisted of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes. Such lesions also were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, and stomach. The cytoplasm of the majority of giant cells and some epithlioid cells was periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive. All cells were positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and desmin. Ultrastructurally, the giant cells were rich in organella and attached to adjacent epithelioid cells by membrane interdigitation. The cells included numerous coated vesicles and granules. No etiologic pathogen, including porcine circovirus type 2, was detected in the lesions. This is the rare case of idiopathic thymic granulomatous lesion in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Baba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
A 7-month-old, male jaguar presented with dyspnea and leukocytosis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Radiographs revealed unilateral pulmonary consolidation. An exploratory thoracotomy was performed, and the left lung, which contained a large multilobular mass with extensive fibrosis and numerous caseonecrotic foci, was removed. Microscopically, eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation surrounded broad (4.4–8.3 μm) rarely septate hyphae. A diagnosis of Pythium insidiosum infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblot serology, culture, and polymerase chain reaction. Dyspnea recurred despite treatment, and the animal succumbed 3 weeks after surgery. Necropsy findings indicated that death resulted from occlusion of the right main stem bronchus by a fungal granuloma. The oomycete P. insidiosum typically causes granulomatous disease of the skin or gastrointestinal tract in animals and arteritis, keratitis, or cellulitis in humans. Infection is uncommon in felines, and pulmonary involvement is rare. This report details the first case of P. insidiosum infection in an exotic felid and provides the first description of primary pulmonary pythiosis in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin C Camus
- Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
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40
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Abstract
Multisystemic granulomatous lesions are the most common finding in ferrets infected by ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV). To characterize the inflammatory response developed against this virus, lesions from 4 naturally infected ferrets were examined. Lesions were classified into the 4 known types of granulomas (granulomas without necrosis [G], granulomas with necrosis [G-N], granulomas with neutrophils [G-NL], and diffuse granulomatous inflammation [DG]). The cellular composition of the lesions was characterized on the basis of cellular morphology and immunohistochemistry using markers for T and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. The extent and distribution of viral antigen expression was also assessed. In G lesions, macrophages were mainly located in the center of the granuloma, with a moderate number of T-lymphocytes scattered among the macrophages, plasma cells, and B-lymphocytes. G-N lesions exhibited a necrotic center surrounded by abundant macrophages, some T-lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a few B-lymphocytes. In G-NL lesions, there was a central area dominated by neutrophils with low numbers of macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. DG presented similar cell proportions, but distributed evenly throughout the lesions. FRSCV was expressed in G, G-NL, G-N, and DG, with decreasing numbers of immunoreactive cells. This study reveals the important role of macrophages in the inflammatory response of ferrets against the virus and the variable proportions of leukocytes among different types of lesions, indicating their variable age. The results also confirm the similarities of the disease in ferrets to feline infectious peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Doria-Torra
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària (SDPV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Vidaña
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària (SDPV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ramis
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària (SDPV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S P Amarilla
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, International Excellence Agrifood Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Martínez
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària (SDPV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Konradt G, Bassuino DM, Bianchi MV, Bandinelli MB, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Neurotuberculosis in cattle in southern Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1089-94. [PMID: 27026233 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis in cattle is a chronic infectious-contagious disease characterized by the development of nodular lesions (granulomas) in mainly the lungs and regional lymph nodes. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, an acid-fast bacillus (AFB). Tuberculosis in the central nervous system is a rare condition in cattle. Herein, we describe the clinical and pathological findings of six neurotuberculosis cases in cattle diagnosed in Southern Brazil. The average age of the cattle affected was 12 months, and they varied in breed and sex. The clinical history ranged from 5 to 30 days and was characterized by motor incoordination, opisthotonus, blindness, and progression to recumbency. The cattle were euthanized, and grossly, the leptomeninges at the basilar brain showed marked and diffuse expansion, with nodular yellowish lesions ranging in size. On microscopic examination, there were multifocal granulomas located mainly in the meninges, though sometimes extending to adjacent neuropil or existing as isolated granulomas in neuropil. AFBs were observed in the cytoplasm of epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells through Ziehl-Neelsen histochemical staining and identified as Mycobacterium sp. through immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Konradt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Mariath Bassuino
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Viezzer Bianchi
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Marcele Bettim Bandinelli
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
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Evans NA, Viviano KR. Concurrent cranial mediastinal Blastomyces granuloma and carcinoma with cranial vena caval syndrome in a dog. Can Vet J 2015; 56:1172-1176. [PMID: 26538674 PMCID: PMC4608472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This report describes an unusual progression of blastomycosis in a dog with concurrent mediastinal carcinoma. The dog was evaluated for respiratory distress. Diagnostic results revealed chylothorax and a cranial vena caval thrombus. Histopathology of the cranial mediastinal mass diagnosed mediastinal carcinoma and fungal granuloma. Intercurrent disease may complicate the clinical presentation and clinical course of blastomycosis.
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Letendre JA, Boysen S. Cranial vena cava syndrome secondary to cryptococcal mediastinal granuloma in a cat. Can Vet J 2015; 56:365-369. [PMID: 25829555 PMCID: PMC4357908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The successful management of cranial vena cava syndrome with suspected secondary chylothorax due to mediastinal cryptococcal granuloma in a 4-year-old male domestic shorthair cat is described. Treatment included long-term antifungal medication, short-term corticosteroids, intermittent thoracocentesis, rutin, octreotide, and enalapril.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren Boysen
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Søren Boysen; e-mail:
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Ortega J, Noguera A, García-Quirós A, Viana D, Selva L, de Juan L, Romero B, García-Parraga D, Crespo JL, Corpa JM. Lesional patterns associated with mycobacteriosis in an Atlantic horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (L.), aquarium population. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:591-595. [PMID: 23802507 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ortega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, PASACTA (Histología y AnatomíaPatológica), Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Gudmundsdottir BK, Gudmundsdottir S, Gudmundsdottir S, Magnadottir B. Yersiniosis in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (L.), characterization of the infective strain and host reactions. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:511-519. [PMID: 23786306 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A disease outbreak in farmed Atlantic cod caused by Yersinia ruckeri is reported. Mortality started following vaccination of cod reared in two tanks (A and B). The accumulated mortality reached 1.9% in A and 4.8% in B in the following 30 days when treatment with oxytetracycline was applied. Biochemical and molecular analysis of Y. ruckeri isolates from the cod and other fish species from fresh and marine waters in Iceland revealed a high salinity-tolerant subgroup of Y. ruckeri serotype O1. Infected fish showed clinical signs comparable with those of Y. ruckeri -infected salmonids, with the exception of granuloma formations in infected cod tissues, which is a known response of cod to bacterial infections. Immunohistological examination showed Y. ruckeri antigens in the core of granulomas and the involvement of immune parameters that indicates a strong association between complement and lysozyme killing of bacteria. Experimental infection of cod with a cod isolate induced disease, and the calculated LD50 was 1.7 × 10(4) CFU per fish. The results suggest that yersiniosis can be spread between populations of freshwater and marine fish. Treatment of infected cod with antibiotic did not eliminate the infection, which can be explained by the immune response of cod producing prolonged granulomatous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Gudmundsdottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Varello K, Prearo M, Serracca L, Meloni D, Rossini I, Righetti M, Pezzolato M, Fioravanti ML, Ercolini C, Bozzetta E. Granulomatous lesions in a wild mullet population from the eastern Ligurian Sea (Italy): mycobacteriosis vs. pseudotuberculosis. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:553-558. [PMID: 23944162 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium spp. and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida are recognized as the most frequent causative agents of granulomatous lesions in fish. Although frequent episodes of mycobacterial infections have been reported in wild fish worldwide, only sporadic cases have been documented to date in Italy. To investigate for the presence of lesions referable to mycobacteriosis and to identify the mycobacterial species involved, a total of 159 wild mullets were fished from the eastern coast of the Ligurian Sea, killed and necropsied. Liver and spleen samples were collected from all fish for histopathological and microbiological analyses. Molecular investigations for identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida were performed. Gross examination revealed granulomatous lesions in one animal; microscopically, 42.14% of fish displayed granulomas with various histological features, 19.50% resulted positive at Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and were confirmed as mycobacterial lesions by culture. The identified colonies were characterized as M. fortuitum, M. abscessus, M. flavescens, M. chelonae, M. septicum and M. nonchromogenicum. In all, 35% of animals resulted positive for Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. These data suggest widespread mycobacterial infection also by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida infections in wild fish. Moreover, the pathogenicity of some mycobacterial species, previously considered as saprophytic, was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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Aro L, Correa K, Martínez A, Ildefonso R, Yáñez JM. Characterization of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as causal agent of mycobacteriosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from a freshwater recirculation system. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:341-348. [PMID: 23952471 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirty Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with low corporal condition relative to other fish present in the culture system, were sampled from a freshwater recirculation pisciculture located in Chile. The most characteristic signs and lesions were cachexia and presence of multiple greyish-white granulomas within internal organs. The external and internal lesions, along with the microscopic, histologic and biochemical findings, were consistent with mycobacteriosis. The identification of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as the causal agent of the lesions was possible through the use of molecular analyses. This study represents the first report of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum in a freshwater recirculation system and the first case of fish mycobacteriosis described in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aro
- Aquainnovo S.A., Puerto Montt, Chile
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MacLean R, Beaufrère H, Heggem-Perry B, Field C, Garner M. Presumed reactive polyarthritis and granulomatous vasculitis in a Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla). J Avian Med Surg 2014; 27:309-14. [PMID: 24640933 DOI: 10.1647/2012-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 1.5-year-old female Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla) was presented and managed for a polyarthritis of the intertarsal and tarsophalangeal articulations. Results of aerobic bacterial cultures, Mycoplasma species culture, and polymerase chain reaction testing of articular fluid did not identify any causative organisms. Results of radiographs and cytologic examination of articular fluid were consistent with an inflammatory, nonerosive polyarthritis. The arthritis did not improve with systemic anti-inflammatory and antibiotic treatment and with joint lavage. A large necrotic granulomatous mass was detected on the right shoulder area from which Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species were isolated as opportunistic pathogens. Two days after surgical resection of the mass, the distal polyarthritis resolved. Histopathologic examination of the mass was consistent with granulomatous vasculitis with abscess formation of unknown origin. In this crane, the unresponsiveness to standard therapy, the presence of an infected and inflammatory mass, and the resolution of the polyarthritis after the resection of the mass strongly supported a diagnosis of reactive immune-mediated nonerosive polyarthritis. Analysis of this case suggests that immune-mediated idiopathic arthritis should be a differential diagnosis of distal polyarthritis in cranes and that an inciting source remote from the joints should be investigated in case of lack of response to standard therapy.
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Zhang JT, Zhou SM, An SW, Chen L, Wang GL. Visceral granulomas in farmed large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (Richardson), caused by a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:113-121. [PMID: 25254273 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An enzootic disease characterized by granulomas in internal organs occurred in cage-farmed large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (Richardson), in April and November 2010, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. One bacterial strain, named XSDHY-P, was isolated from the diseased fish and identified by biochemical characterization, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). According to the results obtained from the biochemical tests, FAME analysis and phylogenetic analysis derived from 16S ribosomal RNA, gyrB, oprF, oprI, oprL and rpoD gene sequencing, the bacterial isolate, XSDHY-P, was identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. Moreover, lethal dose, 50% trials were carried out to demonstrate the virulence of XSDHY-P in large yellow croaker when administered at 2.13 9 105 colony-forming units per fish. Visceral granulomas were found in the experimentally infected fish as well as in the naturally infected fish, indicating that P. plecoglossicida is another bacterial pathogen that causes granulomatosis in L. crocea.
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