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Pires I, Rodrigues P, Alves A, Silva F, Lopes C. Histopathological and Ultrastructural Study of a Canine Langerhans Cell Tumour (Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma). Cells 2024; 13:1263. [PMID: 39120294 PMCID: PMC11312119 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) represents a significant proportion of dog skin tumours, often manifesting as the most common neoplastic skin condition in young animals. Predominantly affecting dogs under four, these tumours appear primarily as solitary lesions that may regress spontaneously. This study, conducted over five years at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, involved a detailed histopathological and ultrastructural examination of 93 CCH cases. Histologically, these tumours showed distinct patterns of lymphoid infiltration, which contributed to their classification into four groups based on the inflammatory response and histological architecture. Most tumours displayed signs of epidermal invasion and frequent mitotic figures, with necrosis present in over half of the cases. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells were characterised by pleomorphism, abundant organelles, and adherens-type junctions. This study offers significant insights into the pathophysiology and morphological characteristics of CCH, underscoring the importance of detailed histological and ultrastructural analysis in accurately diagnosing and understanding this common canine tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.R.); (A.A.); (F.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Rodrigues
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.R.); (A.A.); (F.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Anabela Alves
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.R.); (A.A.); (F.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.R.); (A.A.); (F.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Diehl B, Hansmann F. Immune checkpoint regulation is critically involved in canine cutaneous histiocytoma regression. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1371931. [PMID: 38962703 PMCID: PMC11220128 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) is a benign tumor frequently occurring in young dogs which is derived from Langerhans cells (LC). Distinguishing features of this tumor are its spontaneous regression following a rapid tumor growth. Impaired control of immune checkpoints during tumor development and progression is a widespread phenomenon which may result in an absent or ineffective immune response. The interaction between the inflammatory response and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules is only partially described in this tumor type. The aim of this study was to identify immune checkpoint molecules and molecules from the interferon-mediated immune response that are involved in the regression of CCH. Methods Forty-eight CCH derived from dogs ≤ 4 years of age were assigned to one of four groups according to the severity and distribution of lymphocyte infiltration. Using immunohistochemistry and whole-slide image scans of consecutive sections the expression of programmed death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD80, CD86, Survivin, forkhead box protein 3, Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, CD3, and mx1 were investigated. RNA in-situ hybridization was performed for transcripts of mx1 and interferon-γ. Results Neoplastic cells showed an expression of PD-L1, CD80, CD86, and Survivin. The density of CD80 expressing cells was negatively correlated with regression while the density of cleaved caspase-3 positive cells increased with regression. Mx1 transcripts and protein were predominantly localized in neoplastic cells while interferon-γ transcripts were most frequently detected in T-cells. Conclusion The expression of the immune checkpoint molecules CD86 and PD-L1 and particularly the reduced expression of CD80 in groups 3 and 4 indicate an influence of the investigated immune checkpoints on tumor regression. In parallel an activation of the apoptotic cascade during regression is suggested. Finally, the detection of mx1 within the neoplasm pinpoints to a yet undisclosed role of anti-cellular signaling in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Oblak ML, Lu HY, Ram AS, McKenna C. Comparative aspects of targeted sentinel lymph node mapping in veterinary and human medicine: opportunities for future research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1342456. [PMID: 38633313 PMCID: PMC11021648 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a significant overlap in the genetic, metabolic and epigenetic alterations between human and companion animal cancers, including those of the oral cavity, breast, bladder, skin, lungs and pancreas. In many cancer types, the identification and removal of affected lymph nodes are essential for accurate cancer management, including treatment and prognosis. Historically, lymphadenectomy and subsequent radical resection based on regional anatomy, palpation and lymph node aspirates were considered sufficient; however, modern approaches with sentinel lymph node mapping (SLN) mapping have increased the accuracy of surgical decision-making. Preoperative and intraoperative SLN mapping techniques in veterinary patients parallel those used in human medicine. While many of these techniques are highly successful, the main challenges with current methodologies are their sensitivity and specificity for the presence of cancer, which can be overcome via precision medicine and targeted SLN mapping agents. Given the large population of dogs and cats with cancer, the crossover of knowledge between species can help to deepen our understanding of many of these cancers and can be useful in evaluating new drugs and/or therapies. In this review, we discuss SLN mapping techniques in veterinary medicine and the concept of precision medicine as it relates to targeted SLN mapping imaging agents. The large number of companion animals affected by cancer is an underutilized resource to bridge the translational gap and we aim to provide a reference for the use of dogs and cats as a comparative model for human SLN mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ann S. Ram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charly McKenna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Kallionpää RA, Peltonen S, Le KM, Martikkala E, Jääskeläinen M, Fazeli E, Riihilä P, Haapaniemi P, Rokka A, Salmi M, Leivo I, Peltonen J. Characterization of Immune Cell Populations of Cutaneous Neurofibromas in Neurofibromatosis 1. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100285. [PMID: 37949359 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are characteristic of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), yet their immune microenvironment is incompletely known. A total of 61 cNFs from 10 patients with NF1 were immunolabeled for different types of T cells and macrophages, and the cell densities were correlated with clinical characteristics. Eight cNFs and their overlying skin were analyzed for T cell receptor CDR domain sequences, and mass spectrometry of 15 cNFs and the overlying skin was performed to study immune-related processes. Intratumoral T cells were detected in all cNFs. Tumors from individuals younger than the median age of the study participants (33 years), growing tumors, and tumors smaller than the data set median showed increased T cell density. Most samples displayed intratumoral or peritumoral aggregations of CD3-positive cells. T cell receptor sequencing demonstrated that the skin and cNFs host distinct T cell populations, whereas no dominant cNF-specific T cell clones were detected. Unique T cell clones were fewer in cNFs than in skin, and mass spectrometry suggested lower expression of proteins related to T cell-mediated immunity in cNFs than in skin. CD163-positive cells, suggestive of M2 macrophages, were abundant in cNFs. Human cNFs have substantial T cell and macrophage populations that may be tumor-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roope A Kallionpää
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim My Le
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Martikkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Elnaz Fazeli
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Biomedicum Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine and HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Haapaniemi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Kerboeuf M, Haugeberg DA, Olsen T, Sørling LK, Koppang EO, Moe L, Haaland AH. Tumor-associated macrophages in canine visceral hemangiosarcoma. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:32-45. [PMID: 37341055 PMCID: PMC10687809 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231179947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly malignant tumor derived from hematopoietic stem cells and commonly occurs in visceral organs or skin. Visceral HSAs are particularly aggressive and progress rapidly despite multimodal treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a central role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis in humans and murine models. In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence and phenotype of TAMs in privately owned, treatment-naïve dogs with naturally occurring HSA. We used CD204 as a general macrophage marker and CD206 as a marker for M2-polarized macrophages. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from HSAs in the spleen (n = 9), heart (n = 6), and other locations (n = 12) from 17 dogs were sectioned and immunohistochemically labeled with CD204 and CD206 antibodies. The mean number of log(CD204)- and log(CD206)-positive cells and the ratio of log(CD206/CD204)-positive cells were compared with normal surrounding tissues and between tumor locations. There were significantly more macrophages and M2 macrophages, and a higher ratio of M2 macrophages to total macrophages in tumor hot spots (P = .0002, P < .0001, and P = .0002, respectively) and in tumor tissues outside of hot spots (P = .009, P = .002, and P = .007, respectively) than in normal surrounding tissues. There were no significant differences between tumor locations, but there was a trend toward higher numbers of CD204-positive macrophages within the splenic tumors. There was no association between histological parameters or clinical stage and TAM numbers or phenotype. As in humans, TAMs in dogs with HSA have a predominantly M2-skewed phenotype. Dogs with HSA could serve as excellent models to evaluate new TAM-reprogramming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tobias Olsen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Lars Moe
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Sicherre E, Favier AL, Riccobono D, Nikovics K. Non-Specific Binding, a Limitation of the Immunofluorescence Method to Study Macrophages In Situ. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:649. [PMID: 33925331 PMCID: PMC8145419 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding tissue regenerative mechanisms require the characterization of in vivo macrophages as those play a fundamental role in this process. This characterization can be approached using the immuno-fluorescence method with widely studied and used pan-markers such as CD206 protein. This work investigated CD206 expression in an irradiated-muscle pig model using three different antibodies. Surprisingly, the expression pattern during immunodetection differed depending on the antibody origin and could give some false results. False results are rarely described in the literature, but this information is essential for scientists who need to characterize macrophages. In this context, we showed that in situ hybridization coupled with hybridization-chain-reaction detection (HCR) is an excellent alternative method to detect macrophages in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sicherre
- Imagery Unit, Department of Platforms and Technology Research, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (E.S.); (A.-L.F.)
| | - Anne-Laure Favier
- Imagery Unit, Department of Platforms and Technology Research, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (E.S.); (A.-L.F.)
| | - Diane Riccobono
- Radiobiology Unit, Department of NRBC Defence, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France;
| | - Krisztina Nikovics
- Imagery Unit, Department of Platforms and Technology Research, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (E.S.); (A.-L.F.)
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