1
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Sarin KY, Bradshaw M, O'Mara C, Shahryari J, Kincaid J, Kempers S, Tu JH, Dhawan S, DuBois J, Wilson D, Horwath P, de Souza MP, Powala C, Kochendoerfer GG, Plotkin SR, Webster GF, Le LQ. Effect of NFX-179 MEK inhibitor on cutaneous neurofibromas in persons with neurofibromatosis type 1. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk4946. [PMID: 38691597 PMCID: PMC11062565 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This phase 2a trial investigated the efficacy of NFX-179 Topical Gel, a metabolically labile MEK inhibitor, in the treatment of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) in neurofibromatosis type 1. Forty-eight participants were randomized to four treatment arms: NFX-179 Topical Gel 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.5% or vehicle applied once daily to five target cNFs for 28 days. Treatment with NFX-179 Topical Gel resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in p-ERK levels in cNFs at day 28, with a 47% decrease in the 0.5% NFX-179 group compared to the vehicle (P = 0.0001). No local or systemic toxicities were observed during the treatment period, and systemic concentrations of NFX-179 remained below 1 ng/ml. In addition, 20% of cNFs treated with 0.5% NFX-179 Topical Gel showed a ≥50% reduction in volume compared to 6% in the vehicle group by ruler measurement with calculated volume (P = 0.021). Thus, NFX-179 Topical Gel demonstrated significant inhibition of MEK in cNF with excellent safety and potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Y. Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John H. Tu
- Skin Search of Rochester, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Dhawan
- Center for Dermatology Clinical Research Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | | | - David Wilson
- The Education and Research Foundation Inc., Lynchburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lu Q. Le
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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2
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Kallionpää RA, Peltonen S, Le KM, Martikkala E, Jääskeläinen M, Fazeli E, Riihilä P, Haapaniemi P, Rokka A, Salmi M, Leivo I, Peltonen J. Characterization of Immune Cell Populations of Cutaneous Neurofibromas in Neurofibromatosis 1. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100285. [PMID: 37949359 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are characteristic of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), yet their immune microenvironment is incompletely known. A total of 61 cNFs from 10 patients with NF1 were immunolabeled for different types of T cells and macrophages, and the cell densities were correlated with clinical characteristics. Eight cNFs and their overlying skin were analyzed for T cell receptor CDR domain sequences, and mass spectrometry of 15 cNFs and the overlying skin was performed to study immune-related processes. Intratumoral T cells were detected in all cNFs. Tumors from individuals younger than the median age of the study participants (33 years), growing tumors, and tumors smaller than the data set median showed increased T cell density. Most samples displayed intratumoral or peritumoral aggregations of CD3-positive cells. T cell receptor sequencing demonstrated that the skin and cNFs host distinct T cell populations, whereas no dominant cNF-specific T cell clones were detected. Unique T cell clones were fewer in cNFs than in skin, and mass spectrometry suggested lower expression of proteins related to T cell-mediated immunity in cNFs than in skin. CD163-positive cells, suggestive of M2 macrophages, were abundant in cNFs. Human cNFs have substantial T cell and macrophage populations that may be tumor-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roope A Kallionpää
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim My Le
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Martikkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Elnaz Fazeli
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Biomedicum Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine and HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Haapaniemi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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3
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Wang WN, Koguchi-Yoshioka H, Nimura K, Watanabe R, Tanemura A, Fujimoto M, Wataya-Kaneda M. Distinct Transcriptional Profiles in the Different Phenotypes of Neurofibroma from the Same Subject with Neurofibromatosis 1. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:133-141.e4. [PMID: 37301319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 is a prevalent hereditary neurocutaneous disorder. Among the clinical phenotypes of neurofibromatosis 1, cutaneous neurofibroma (cNF) and plexiform neurofibroma (pNF) have distinct clinical manifestations, and pNF should be closely monitored owing to its malignant potential. However, the detailed distinct features of neurofibromatosis 1 phenotypes remain unknown. To determine whether the transcriptional features and microenvironment of cNF and pNF differ, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on isolated cNF and pNF cells from the same patient. Six cNF and five pNF specimens from different subjects were also immunohistochemically analyzed. Our findings revealed that cNF and pNF had distinct transcriptional profiles even within the same subject. pNF is enriched in Schwann cells with characteristics similar to those of their malignant counterpart, fibroblasts, with a cancer-associated fibroblast-like phenotype, angiogenic endothelial cells, and M2-like macrophages, whereas cNF is enriched in CD8 T cells with tissue residency markers. The results of immunohistochemical analyses performed on different subjects agreed with those of single-cell RNA sequencing. This study found that cNF and pNF, the different neurofibromatosis phenotypes in neurofibromatosis 1, from the same subject are transcriptionally distinct in terms of the cell types involved, including T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ning Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanako Koguchi-Yoshioka
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Health Science, Department of Neurocutaneous Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nimura
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Integrative Medicine for Allergic and Immunological Diseases, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Wataya-Kaneda
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Health Science, Department of Neurocutaneous Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Lakes YB, Moye SL, Mo J, Tegtmeyer M, Nehme R, Charlton M, Salinas G, McKay RM, Eggan K, Le LQ. Econazole selectively induces cell death in NF1-homozygous mutant tumor cells. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101309. [PMID: 38086379 PMCID: PMC10772348 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are tumors that develop in more than 99% of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). They develop in the dermis and can number in the thousands. cNFs can be itchy and painful and negatively impact self-esteem. There is no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for their treatment. Here, we screen a library of FDA-approved drugs using a cNF cell model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from an NF1 patient. We engineer an NF1 mutation in the second allele to mimic loss of heterozygosity, differentiate the NF1+/- and NF1-/- hiPSCs into Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), and use them to screen a drug library to assess for inhibition of NF1-/- but not NF1+/- cell proliferation. We identify econazole nitrate as being effective against NF1-/- hiPSC-SCPs. Econazole cream selectively induces apoptosis in Nf1-/- murine nerve root neurosphere cells and human cNF xenografts. This study supports further testing of econazole for cNF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenal B Lakes
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefanie L Moye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Juan Mo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Tegtmeyer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralda Nehme
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maura Charlton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Salinas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Renee M McKay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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5
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Rhodes SD, McCormick F, Cagan RL, Bakker A, Staedtke V, Ly I, Steensma MR, Lee SY, Romo CG, Blakeley JO, Sarin KY. RAS Signaling Gone Awry in the Skin: The Complex Role of RAS in Cutaneous Neurofibroma Pathogenesis, Emerging Biological Insights. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1358-1368. [PMID: 37245145 PMCID: PMC10409534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are the most common tumor in people with the rasopathy neurofibromatosis type 1. They number in hundreds or even thousands throughout the body, and currently, there are no effective interventions to prevent or treat these skin tumors. To facilitate the identification of novel and effective therapies, essential studies including a more refined understanding of cNF biology and the role of RAS signaling and downstream effector pathways responsible for cNF initiation, growth, and maintenance are needed. This review highlights the current state of knowledge of RAS signaling in cNF pathogenesis and therapeutic development for cNF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Rhodes
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross L Cagan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | - Verena Staedtke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ina Ly
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew R Steensma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Sang Y Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos G Romo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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6
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Imada EL, Strianese D, Edward DP, alThaqib R, Price A, Arnold A, Al‐Hussain H, Marchionni L, Rodriguez FJ. RNA-sequencing highlights differential regulated pathways involved in cell cycle and inflammation in orbitofacial neurofibromas. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13007. [PMID: 34297428 PMCID: PMC8713532 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most commonly benign, neurofibromas (NFs) can have devastating functional and cosmetic effects in addition to the possibility of malignant transformation. Orbitofacial NFs, in particular, may cause progressive, disfiguring tumors of the lid, brow, temple, face, and orbit, and clinical evidence suggests that they may have increased local aggressiveness compared to NFs developing at other sites. The purpose of this study was to identify biological differences between orbitofacial NFs and those occurring at other anatomic sites. We performed RNA-sequencing in orbitofacial (n = 10) and non-orbitofacial (n = 9) NFs. Differential gene expression analysis demonstrated that a variety of gene sets including genes involved in cell proliferation, interferon, and immune-related pathways were enriched in orbitofacial NF. Comparisons with publicly available databases of various Schwann cell tumors and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) revealed a significant overlap of differentially expressed genes between orbitofacial versus non-orbitofacial NF and plexiform NF versus MPNST. In summary, we identified gene expression differences between orbitofacial NF and NFs occurring at other locations. Further investigation may be warranted, given that orbitofacial NF are notoriously difficult to treat and associated with disproportionate morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Luidy Imada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Diego Strianese
- King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Deepak P. Edward
- King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of OphthalmologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Antionette Price
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Antje Arnold
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Fausto J. Rodriguez
- Department of OphthalmologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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7
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Kohlmeyer JL, Kaemmer CA, Umesalma S, Gourronc FA, Klingelhutz AJ, Quelle DE. RABL6A Regulates Schwann Cell Senescence in an RB1-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5367. [PMID: 34065204 PMCID: PMC8161079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are normally quiescent, myelinating glia cells of the peripheral nervous system. Their aberrant proliferation and transformation underlie the development of benign tumors (neurofibromas) as well as deadly malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). We discovered a new driver of MPNSTs, an oncogenic GTPase named RABL6A, that functions in part by inhibiting the RB1 tumor suppressor. RB1 is a key mediator of cellular senescence, a permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle that protects against cell immortalization and transformation. Based on the RABL6A-RB1 link in MPNSTs, we explored the hypothesis that RABL6A promotes Schwann cell proliferation and abrogates their senescence by inhibiting RB1. Using sequentially passaged normal human Schwann cells (NHSCs), we found that the induction of replicative senescence was associated with reduced expression of endogenous RABL6A. Silencing RABL6A in low passage NHSCs caused premature stress-induced senescence, which was largely rescued by co-depletion of RB1. Consistent with those findings, Rabl6-deficient MEFs displayed impaired proliferation and accelerated senescence compared to wildtype MEFs. These results demonstrate that RABL6A is required for maintenance of proper Schwann cell proliferation and imply that aberrantly high RABL6A expression may facilitate malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Kohlmeyer
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.K.); (C.A.K.); (S.U.)
| | - Courtney A. Kaemmer
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.K.); (C.A.K.); (S.U.)
| | - Shaikamjad Umesalma
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.K.); (C.A.K.); (S.U.)
| | - Francoise A. Gourronc
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (F.A.G.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (F.A.G.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.K.); (C.A.K.); (S.U.)
- The Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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8
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Abstract
A 48-year-old woman with intermittent lower back pain for 9 months and known retroperitoneal neurofibroma underwent F-NaF PET/CT scan to assess possible bony lesions causing the pain. Incidentally, the images showed elevated NaF activity in the retroperitoneal neurofibroma. In addition, uterine leiomyoma with heterogeneous calcifications revealed increased NaF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipan Liu
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University/Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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9
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Hall A, Choi K, Liu W, Rose J, Zhao C, Yu Y, Na Y, Cai Y, Coover RA, Lin Y, Dombi E, Kim M, Levanon D, Groner Y, Boscolo E, Pan D, Liu PP, Lu QR, Ratner N, Huang G, Wu J. RUNX represses Pmp22 to drive neurofibromagenesis. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau8389. [PMID: 31032403 PMCID: PMC6482019 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are predisposed to develop neurofibromas, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of neurofibromagenesis are not fully understood. We showed dual genetic deletion of Runx1 and Runx3 in Schwann cells (SCs) and SC precursors delayed neurofibromagenesis and prolonged mouse survival. We identified peripheral myelin protein 22 (Pmp22/Gas3) related to neurofibroma initiation. Knockdown of Pmp22 with short hairpin RNAs increased Runx1fl/fl;Runx3fl/fl;Nf1fl/fl;DhhCre tumor-derived sphere numbers and enabled significantly more neurofibroma-like microlesions on transplantation. Conversely, overexpression of Pmp22 in mouse neurofibroma SCs decreased cell proliferation. Mechanistically, RUNX1/3 regulated alternative promoter usage and induced levels of protein expression of Pmp22 to control SC growth. Last, pharmacological inhibition of RUNX/core-binding factor β (CBFB) activity significantly reduced neurofibroma volume in vivo. Thus, we identified a signaling pathway involving RUNX1/3 suppression of Pmp22 in neurofibroma initiation and/or maintenance. Targeting disruption of RUNX/CBFB interaction might provide a novel therapy for patients with neurofibroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hall
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan Rose
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yanan Yu
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Youjin Na
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Robert A. Coover
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - MiOk Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, Box 0128, 1450 3rd St. Suite 285, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisa Boscolo
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Dao Pan
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - P. Paul Liu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Rozza-de-Menezes RE, Gaglionone NC, Andrade-Losso RM, Siqueira OHK, Almeida LM, Peruzini KDS, Guimarães-Filho MAC, Brum CI, Geller M, Cunha KS. Receptor of ghrelin is expressed in cutaneous neurofibromas of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:186. [PMID: 29262839 PMCID: PMC5738781 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple cutaneous neurofibromas are a hallmark of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). They begin to appear during puberty and increase in number and volume during pregnancy, suggesting a hormonal influence. Ghrelin is a hormone that acts via growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), which is overexpressed in many neoplasms and is involved in tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate GHS-R expression in NF1 cutaneous neurofibromas and its relationship with tumors volume, and patient's age and gender. RESULTS Sample comprised 108 cutaneous neurofibromas (55 large and 53 small tumors) from 55 NF1 individuals. GHS-R expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in tissue micro and macroarrays and quantified using a digital computer-assisted method. All neurofibromas expressed GHS-R, with a percentage of positive cells ranging from 4.9% to 76.1%. Large neurofibromas expressed more GHS-R than the small ones. The percentage of GHS-R-positive cells and intensity of GHS-R expression were positively correlated with neurofibromas volume. GHS-R expression was more common in female gender. CONCLUSIONS GHS-R is expressed in cutaneous neurofibromas. Larger neurofibromas have a higher percentage of positive cells and higher GHS-R intensity. Based on our results we speculate that ghrelin may have an action on the tumorigenesis of cutaneous neurofibromas. Future studies are required to understand the role of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of NF1-associated cutaneous neurofibroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela E. Rozza-de-Menezes
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, 4o andar, sala 01 – Centro, Niterói, RJ 24033-900 Brazil
- Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, RJ Brazil
| | - Nicolle C. Gaglionone
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, 4o andar, sala 01 – Centro, Niterói, RJ 24033-900 Brazil
| | - Raquel M. Andrade-Losso
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, 4o andar, sala 01 – Centro, Niterói, RJ 24033-900 Brazil
- Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Orlando H. K. Siqueira
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Lilian M. Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, 4o andar, sala 01 – Centro, Niterói, RJ 24033-900 Brazil
- Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Marco A. C. Guimarães-Filho
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Carolina I. Brum
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Mauro Geller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis, RJ Brazil
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Karin S. Cunha
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, 4o andar, sala 01 – Centro, Niterói, RJ 24033-900 Brazil
- Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ Brazil
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Choi K, Komurov K, Fletcher JS, Jousma E, Cancelas JA, Wu J, Ratner N. An inflammatory gene signature distinguishes neurofibroma Schwann cells and macrophages from cells in the normal peripheral nervous system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43315. [PMID: 28256556 PMCID: PMC5335359 DOI: 10.1038/srep43315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve tumors driven by NF1 loss in Schwann cells (SCs). Macrophages are abundant in neurofibromas, and macrophage targeted interventions may have therapeutic potential in these tumors. We generated gene expression data from fluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) SCs and macrophages from wild-type and mutant nerve and neurofibroma to identify candidate pathways involved in SC-macrophage cross-talk. While in 1-month-old Nf1 mutant nerve neither SCs nor macrophages significantly differed from their normal counterparts, both macrophages and SCs showed significantly altered cytokine gene expression in neurofibromas. Computationally reconstructed SC-macrophage molecular networks were enriched for inflammation-associated pathways. We verified that neurofibroma SC conditioned medium contains macrophage chemo-attractants including colony stimulation factor 1 (CSF1). Network analysis confirmed previously implicated pathways and predict novel paracrine and autocrine loops involving cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Network analysis also predicted a central role for decreased type-I interferon signaling. We validated type-I interferon expression in neurofibroma by protein profiling, and show that treatment of neurofibroma-bearing mice with polyethylene glycolyated (PEGylated) type-I interferon-α2b reduces the expression of many cytokines overexpressed in neurofibroma. These studies reveal numerous potential targetable interactions between Nf1 mutant SCs and macrophages for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Fletcher
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Edwin Jousma
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Hoxworth Blood Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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12
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Zhang J, Zhang RS, Wei X, Shi QL, Zhou XJ, Ma J. [Pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance: a clinicopathologic analysis of 7 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2013; 42:810-814. [PMID: 24507098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical pathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (PDFSP). METHODS The clinical history, histopathological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, treatment and prognosis were analyzed in seven cases of PDFSP. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the expression of COL1A1/PDGFB fusion gene, and related literature was reviewed. RESULTS The median age of the seven patients (4 females, 3 males) was 47 years with the tumors involving mostly the trunk (four cases). Histologically, PDFSP showed a cellular lesion composed of spindle cells arranged in short fascicles that form a distinct storiform pattern, and the pigmented bipolar or multipolar dendritic cells were present with tentacle like processes emanating from a nucleus containing zone. One case showed fibrosarcomatous change. The pigment was tinctorially similar to melanin. The spindle cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin, but negative for HMB45, Melan A, S-100, desmin, CD68 or α-SMA. HMB45, Melan A, S-100 and vimentin were expressed in the melanin containing cells in 4, 4, 5 and 7 cases, respectively. The labeling index of Ki-67 was 1%-8%. Among the 4 cases successfully examined by FISH, 3 showed t(17;22)(q21;q13) which suggested COL1A1/PDGFB fusion gene. Three patients were treated by wide local excision and four were treated by simple surgical excision. Two patients developed recurrences during the follow-up period of 12 to 123 months. Of those treated by wide local excision, none developed recurrence. No patient died in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS PDFSP is a rare pigmented variant of DFSP and an intermediate grade malignant tumor. The orgin of the tumor cells is still controversial. Surgical pathologists and dermatopathologists need to be aware of the prototypical histological appearance of PDFSP as there is a risk of misdiagonsing it as either pigmented tumors associated with neurocutaneous syndromes or a highly malignant melanocytic neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ru-song Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xue Wei
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qun-li Shi
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiao-jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China. E-mail:
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Luscan A, Shackleford G, Masliah-Planchon J, Laurendeau I, Ortonne N, Varin J, Lallemand F, Leroy K, Dumaine V, Hivelin M, Borderie D, De Raedt T, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Larousserie F, Terris B, Lantieri L, Vidaud M, Vidaud D, Wolkenstein P, Parfait B, Bièche I, Massaad C, Pasmant E. The activation of the WNT signaling pathway is a Hallmark in neurofibromatosis type 1 tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:358-71. [PMID: 24218515 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hallmark of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the onset of dermal or plexiform neurofibromas, mainly composed of Schwann cells. Plexiform neurofibromas can transform into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) that are resistant to therapies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The aim of this study was to identify an additional pathway in the NF1 tumorigenesis. We focused our work on Wnt signaling that is highly implicated in cancer, mainly in regulating the proliferation of cancer stem cells. We quantified mRNAs of 89 Wnt pathway genes in 57 NF1-associated tumors including dermal and plexiform neurofibromas and MPNSTs. Expression of two major stem cell marker genes and five major epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker genes was also assessed. The expression of significantly deregulated Wnt genes was then studied in normal human Schwann cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mast cells and in seven MPNST cell lines. RESULTS The expression of nine Wnt genes was significantly deregulated in plexiform neurofibromas in comparison with dermal neurofibromas. Twenty Wnt genes showed altered expression in MPNST biopsies and cell lines. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the Wnt pathway activation in NF1-associated MPNSTs. We then confirmed that the knockdown of NF1 in Schwann cells but not in epithelial cells provoked the activation of Wnt pathway by functional transfection assays. Furthermore, we showed that the protein expression of active β-catenin was increased in NF1-silenced cell lines. Wnt pathway activation was strongly associated to both cancer stem cell reservoir and Schwann-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION We highlighted the implication of Wnt pathway in NF1-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Luscan
- Authors' Affiliations: UMR_S745 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité; Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes; Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); UMR8194 CNRS, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cochin Hospital; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Laboratory of Biochemistry; Tumour bank, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, and CNRS, UMR8104, Paris; Département de pathologie Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC); Platform of Biological Ressources; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Hôpital Henri-Mondor; Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and EA 4393 LIC, UPEC, Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin; FNCLCC, Saint-Cloud; and Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to assess clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of 22 oral neurofibromas (NFs) and discuss with previously described literature, addressing the main aspects regarding the differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical reactions included S-100, CD34, GLUT-1, EMA, Ki-67, p53 and Collagen IV and histochemical reactions for Alcian blue. RESULTS Clinically, the preferential location was the maxillary bones, tongue and buccal mucosa. Microscopically, widely spread spindle-shaped cells with scant cytoplasm and elongated nuclei were observed. Immunostaining revealed that the tumor cells weakly expressed GLUT-1, Collagen IV, Ki-67 and p53. They were variably positive for CD34, S-100 protein and membrane epithelial antigen (EMA). CONCLUSIONS The different types of nerve sheath cells observed in the present series reinforce the presence of heterogeneous population in NFs. The strong positivity for S-100 suggests that the lesions were more composed by S-100-positive Schwann cells than other cells. Besides, the high number of CD34-positive cells suggests that this marker can be useful for the differential diagnosis of NFs against PEN, traumatic neuromas and Schwannomas. Finally, the low immunostaining for p53 and Ki-67 may indicate that NFs massively composed by S-100-positive Schwann cells present low potential of aggressiveness and malignant transformation.
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15
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Wang ZB, Shi HY, Yuan J, Chen W, Wei LX. [Clinical and pathologic features of gastric schwannoma]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2012; 41:97-101. [PMID: 22455885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical and pathologic features of gastric schwannomas. METHODS The macroscopic and microscopic features of 9 cases of gastric schwannoma were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study for S-100 protein, CD117, CD34, neurofilament, desmin, nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, platelet derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFR-α) and vimentin was carried out. Mutation analysis of c-kit gene (exon 9, 11, 13 and 17) and PDGFR-α gene (exon 12 and 18) in 1 case was examined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. RESULTS The patients included 5 males and 4 females. The age of patients ranged from 42 to 81 years (median = 56.5 years). The size of the tumors ranged from 2 to 9 cm in greatest diameter. Follow-up data in 8 cases (from 1 month to 65 months) showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Gross examination showed that gastric schwannomas were homogeneous, firm, yellow-white and bore no true fibrous capsule. Histologically, all cases were composed of fascicles of spindle cells associated with nuclear palisading, Verocay body formation and peripheral cuff of reactive lymphoid aggregates. Some of them showed degenerative changes including cyst formation, calcification, hemorrhage, necrosis and hyalinization. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and vimentin. There was various degree of staining for nestin (8/9) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (6/9). They were negative for CD117, CD34, neurofilament, desmin and smooth muscle actin. One case showed focal positivity for PDGFR-α (1/9), with no mutations found. CONCLUSIONS Gastric schwannomas share similar histologic features with conventional soft tissue schwannomas, in addition to the presence a reactive lymphoid cuff. The clinical, macroscopic, histologic and immunohistochemical features of gastric schwannomas were different from those of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Shaw CM, Grobmyer SR, Ucar DA, Cance WG, Reith JD, Hochwald SN. Elevated expression of IRS2 in the progression from neurofibroma to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:439-443. [PMID: 22287730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Novel drugs to inhibit insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathways are emerging and will be sarcoma subtype-specific. As a result, defining expression of proteins in these pathways; in select tumors is important in order to formulate therapeutic approaches to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients with MPNSTs or neurofibromas (NFs), who were treated at our institution from 1994-2005, were identified. Tumor immonohistochemical staining for multiple key oncogenic proteins was performed and the sections were evaluated in a blinded fashion by a sarcoma pathologist (JDR) and correlated with survival. RESULTS A total of 88% of MPNSTs expressed IRS2 compared to 48% of NFs. IRS2 expression was significantly higher in MPNSTs than in NFs (p=0.0009). However, IRS1 expression was significantly higher in NFs than MPNSTs (p=0.03). A trend toward an increase in FAK expression in MPNSTs was seen (p=0.11). No difference was seen between MPNSTs and NFs when evaluating the expression of phosphorylated focal adhesions kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor 3, insulin like growth factor receptor 1, neurofibromatosis 1. Univariate analysis of survival indicated that IRS2 and NF1 protein expression, patient age and tumor size were significantly correlated with outcome. CONCLUSION MPNSTs have an elevated level of IRS2 and FAK and lower level of IRS1 compared to NFs These data demonstrate for the first time that IRS2 and FAK may be associated with malignant transformation of neurofibromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Shaw
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, P.O. Box 100109, Gainesville, FL 32610-0109, USA
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Zhang C, Wu J, Sun SA, Liu HY, Zhou WB, Li XF, Jin Y. [Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2012; 41:55-56. [PMID: 22455855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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18
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Yang XD, Xu G, Lü B, Li K, Xu Y. [Mazabraud syndrome: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2011; 40:274-276. [PMID: 21616009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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19
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Yan X, Takahara M, Dugu L, Xie L, Gondo C, Endo M, Oda Y, Nakahara T, Uchi H, Takeuchi S, Tu Y, Moroi Y, Furue M. Expression of cathepsin K in neurofibromatosis 1-associated cutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and neurofibromas. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 58:227-9. [PMID: 20452751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Liao QL, Lai RQ. [Solitary fibrous tumor of right ventricle: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2009; 38:710-711. [PMID: 20078981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that stem/progenitor cells may be the cells of origin for many tumor types. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Le et al. (2009) demonstrate that skin-derived precursors (SKPs) can initiate dermal neurofibromas and highlight the importance of the microenvironment in the formation of this complex tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Le LQ, Shipman T, Burns DK, Parada LF. Cell of origin and microenvironment contribution for NF1-associated dermal neurofibromas. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 4:453-63. [PMID: 19427294 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor predisposition disorder neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is one of the most common genetic disorders of the nervous system. It is caused by mutations in the Nf1 tumor-suppressor gene, which encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that negatively regulates p21-RAS. Development of malignant nerve tumors and neurofibromas occurs frequently in NF1. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating the initiation and progression of these complex tumors, or the identity of the specific cell type that gives rise to dermal or cutaneous neurofibromas. In this study, we identify a population of stem/progenitor cells residing in the dermis termed skin-derived precursors (SKPs) that, through loss of Nf1, form neurofibromas. We propose that SKPs, or their derivatives, are the cell of origin of dermal neurofibroma. We also provide evidence that additional signals from nonneoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment play essential roles in neurofibromagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Q Le
- Department of Developmental Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9133, USA
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Cabibi D, Zerilli M, Caradonna G, Schillaci L, Belmonte B, Rodolico V. Diagnostic and prognostic value of CD10 in peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:3149-3155. [PMID: 19661328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromas are sporadic or associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1), with a higher risk of malignant progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated CD10 immunoexpression in 39 peripheral nerve sheath lesions. They were 18 typical, solitary, sporadic neurofibromas (group A) and 21 cases (group B) consisting of 11 NF1-associated cases, 3 malignant peripheral sheath tumors (MPNST) and 8 atypical neurofibromas. RESULTS CD10 immunopositivity was absent or very weak and focal in group A. On the contrary, CD10 was strongly expressed in group B, including all the MPNST and their metastases, with 95% sensitivity and 72% specificity in distinguishing between the two groups. CONCLUSION CD10 is useful in the assessment of peripheral sheath tumors and could give evidence that atypical myxoid and/or diffuse neurofibromas, sometimes histologically difficult to distinguish from low-grade MPNST, represent not only a histological but also an immunohistochemical continuum with MPNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Human Pathology, Via del Vespro 90127, University of Palermo, Italy.
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Abstract
A spectrum of 24 benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors and 10 non-neural spindle-cell tumors were studied by light microscopy for the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. In 8 cases, these results were compared to their electron microscopic appearances. Seventy percent (7 of 10) of benign schwannomas and 50% (4 of 8) of benign neurofibromas demonstrated focal to diffuse GFAP immunoreactivity. None of the malignant nerve sheath tumors nor any of the non-neural spindle-cell neoplasms contained demonstrable GFAP immunoreactivity. Similarly, no GFAP immunoreactivity could be detected in Schwann cells in normal peripheral nerves. The solitary benign schwannoma available for electron microscopic study demonstrated diffuse and abundant cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, and this tumor displayed diffuse and intense GFAP immunoreactivity. Two benign neurofibromas showed a more variable content of intermediate filaments ultrastructurally, and their GFAP immunoreactivity was variable. All five malignant nerve sheath tumors studied by electron microscopy displayed a variable complement of intermediate filaments; however, none of these tumors possessed GFAP immunoreactivity, suggesting that these intermediate filaments are either members of a different class of intermediate filaments or may perhaps represent "altered" GFAP not recognized by these antisera.
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Ghiluşi M, Pleşea IE, Comănescu M, Enache SD, Bogdan F. Preliminary study regarding the utility of certain immunohistochemical markers in diagnosing neurofibromas and schwannomas. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2009; 50:195-202. [PMID: 19434310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects encountered in 49 benign tumors with neural origin diagnosed in the Pathology Department of the Emergency County Hospital of Craiova between 2000 and 2007. Histopathological criteria were used for the histopathological diagnosis, having been diagnosed 22 neurofibromas and 27 schwannomas. Histopathological examination was completed by the immunohistochemical examination using anti-S100 and anti-vimentin antibodies, anti-CD34, anti-CD57 and anti-neurofilament antibodies, as well as the Ki67 proliferation marker. Both tumors showed positive immunostaining for S100, CD34, CD57, but of varying intensity and distribution. Schwannomas and neurofibromas showed a low proliferation index (<5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ghiluşi
- Pathology and Cytology Laboratory, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania.
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Yang FC, Ingram DA, Chen S, Zhu Y, Yuan J, Li X, Yang X, Knowles S, Horn W, Li Y, Zhang S, Yang Y, Vakili ST, Yu M, Burns D, Robertson K, Hutchins G, Parada LF, Clapp DW. Nf1-dependent tumors require a microenvironment containing Nf1+/-- and c-kit-dependent bone marrow. Cell 2008; 135:437-48. [PMID: 18984156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumorigenic cells and their surrounding microenvironment are critical for tumor progression yet remain incompletely understood. Germline mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common genetic disorder characterized by complex tumors called neurofibromas. Genetic studies indicate that biallelic loss of Nf1 is required in the tumorigenic cell of origin in the embryonic Schwann cell lineage. However, in the physiologic state, Schwann cell loss of heterozygosity is not sufficient for neurofibroma formation and Nf1 haploinsufficiency in at least one additional nonneoplastic lineage is required for tumor progression. Here, we establish that Nf1 heterozygosity of bone marrow-derived cells in the tumor microenvironment is sufficient to allow neurofibroma progression in the context of Schwann cell Nf1 deficiency. Further, genetic or pharmacologic attenuation of c-kit signaling in Nf1+/- hematopoietic cells diminishes neurofibroma initiation and progression. Finally, these studies implicate mast cells as critical mediators of tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Holtkamp N, Atallah I, Okuducu AF, Mucha J, Hartmann C, Mautner VF, Friedrich RE, Mawrin C, von Deimling A. MMP-13 and p53 in the progression of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Neoplasia 2007; 9:671-7. [PMID: 17786186 PMCID: PMC1950437 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are sarcomas with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Factors contributing to tumor progression are largely unknown. We therefore examined MPNST from 22 neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients, 14 non-NF1 patients, and 14 neurofibroma patients for matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression. Because wild-type and mutant p53 were shown to differentially regulate MMP-13 expression, TP53 status and protein levels were also determined. MMP-13 expression was detected in 58% of MPNST and was significantly associated with recurrent MPNST (P = .019). p53 was observed in 78% of MPNST and was found to be strongly associated with MMP-13 expression (P = .005). In contrast, 14 neurofibromas lacked MMP-13 and p53 expressions. TP53 mutations were found in only 11% of MPNST and were associated with high tumor grades (P = .029). No significant association between mutant TP53 and MMP-13 was observed, indicating that other factors drive MMP-13 expression in MPNST. The presence of metastasis was linked to p53Pro(72) polymorphism (P = .041) and shorter survival. In summary, our data suggest that MMP-13 expression in nerve sheath tumors is coupled with malignant progression. Therefore, MMP-13 may serve as a marker for progression and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Holtkamp
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
✓Discovery that the Schwann cell is the primary cell type responsible for both the neurofibroma as well as the schwannoma has proven to represent a crucial milestone in understanding the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve tumor development. This information and related findings have served as a nidus for research aimed at more fully characterizing this family of conditions. Recent discoveries in the laboratory have clarified an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of benign peripheral nerve tumors. Similarly, the mechanisms whereby idiopathic and syndromic (NF1- andNF2-associated) nerve sheath tumors progress to malignancy are being elucidated. This detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of peripheral nerve tumors provides the information necessary to create a new generation of therapies tailored specifically to the prevention, cessation, or reversal of pathological conditions at the fundamental level of dysfunction. The authors review the data that have helped to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of this category of conditions, explore the current progress toward exploitation of these findings, and discuss potential therapeutic avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Riley
- Department of Neurosciences and the Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Nebesio TD, Ming W, Chen S, Clegg T, Yuan J, Yang Y, Estwick SA, Li Y, Li X, Hingtgen CM, Yang FC. Neurofibromin-deficient Schwann cells have increased lysophosphatidic acid dependent survival and migration-implications for increased neurofibroma formation during pregnancy. Glia 2007; 55:527-36. [PMID: 17236191 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromas are the clinical hallmark of neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder caused by mutations of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, which encodes neurofibromin that functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Ras. During pregnancy, up to 50% of existing neurofibromas enlarge and as many as 60% of new neurofibromas appear for the first time. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a prototypic lysophospholipid that modulates cell migration and survival of Schwann cells (SCs) and is made in increasing concentrations throughout pregnancy. We addressed the influence of LPA on the biochemical and cellular functions of SCs with a homozygous mutation of the murine homologue of the NF1 gene (Nf1-/-). LPA promoted F-actin polymerization and increased migration and survival of Nf1-/- SCs as compared to wild type (WT) SCs. Furthermore, LPA induced a higher level of Ras-GTP and Akt phosphorylation in Nf1-/- SCs as compared to WT cells. Pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA for the p85beta regulatory subunit of Class I A PI3-K significantly reduced LPA-induced Schwann cell survival and migration. Introduction of NF1-GRD reconstitution was sufficient to normalize the LPA-mediated motility of Nf1-/- SCs. As LPA modulates excessive cell survival and motility of Nf1-/- SCs, which are the tumorigenic cells in NF1, targeting PI3-K may be a potential therapeutic approach in diminishing the development and progression of neurofibromas in pregnant women with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Nebesio
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Cancer Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Harder A, Mautner VF, Friedrich RE, Harder T, Plagemann A, von Deimling A. Transcription factor AP-2 is expressed in human Schwann cell-derived tumours. Histopathology 2006; 49:441-3. [PMID: 16978215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gottfried ON, Viskochil DH, Fults DW, Couldwell WT. Molecular, genetic, and cellular pathogenesis of neurofibromas and surgical implications. Neurosurgery 2006; 58:1-16; discussion 1-16. [PMID: 16385324 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000190651.45384.8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disease characterized by complex and multicellular neurofibroma tumors. Significant advances have been made in the research of the cellular, genetic, and molecular biology of NF1. The NF1 gene was identified by positional cloning. The functions of its protein product, neurofibromin, in RAS signaling and in other signal transduction pathways are being elucidated, and the important roles of loss of heterozygosity and haploinsufficiency in tumorigenesis are better understood. The Schwann cell was discovered to be the cell of origin for neurofibromas, but understanding of a more complicated interplay of multiple cell types in tumorigenesis, specifically recruited heterogeneous cell types such as mast cells and fibroblasts, has important implications for surgical therapy of these tumors. This review summarizes the most recent NF1 and neurofibroma literature describing the pathogenesis and treatment of nerve sheath tumors. Understanding the biological underpinnings of tumorigenesis in NF1 has implications for future surgical and medical management of neurofibromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren N Gottfried
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Karube K, Nabeshima K, Ishiguro M, Harada M, Iwasaki H. cDNA microarray analysis of cancer associated gene expression profiles in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:160-5. [PMID: 16443732 PMCID: PMC1860323 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.023598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a highly aggressive malignancy that arises within peripheral nerves, and is associated with poor prognosis. Little is known about the underlying biology of MPNST, especially the mechanisms involved in cell proliferation, invasion, or escape from apoptosis. AIMS To identify genes differentially expressed in MPNST compared with benign tumours, such as neurofibromas and schwannomas, by means of cDNA microarray analysis. METHODS Six MPNST cases and five benign cases (three schwannomas and two neurofibromas) were analysed. RESULTS Six genes (keratin 18, survivin, tenascin C, adenosine deaminase, collagen type VIa3, and collagen type VIIa1) were significantly upregulated in MPNST, whereas one gene, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6, was downregulated in MPNST. Survivin and tenascin C expression was validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry confirmed upregulation of survivin in MPNST at the protein level in six of eight cases compared with benign tumours. Tenascin C was also expressed at the invasive front and tumorous stroma in all MPNST cases. MPNST cells expressed tenascin C in four of nine cases. CONCLUSIONS Survivin and tenascin C may be associated with the malignant potential of MPNST and could be considered as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karube
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Bernreuther C, Salein N, Matschke J, Hagel C. Expression of doublecortin in tumours of the central and peripheral nervous system and in human non-neuronal tissues. Acta Neuropathol 2006; 111:247-54. [PMID: 16520969 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin is a microtubule-associated phosphoprotein involved in neuronal migration and differentiation expressed in migrating neuroblasts in the central nervous system. We systematically analysed doublecortin expression in 179 tumours of the central and 65 tumours of peripheral nervous system as well as in 74 different non-neuronal tissues to evaluate the specificity of doublecortin as a marker for neuronal differentiation in glioneuronal tumours. Glioneuronal tumours and oligodendrogliomas grade II and III uniformly showed a high intensity and frequency of doublecortin staining, whereas intermediate doublecortin expression was observed in astrocytic tumours of grade II-IV. In pilocytic astrocytomas and ependymomas only scattered doublecortin positive cells were detected. In the peripheral nervous system, doublecortin expression was found in neurofibroma but was absent in schwannoma. Double staining of tumour tissue revealed co-expression of doublecortin and neurofilament in cells of gangliocytomas and gangliogliomas and co-expression of doublecortin with S100 protein or GFAP in glial tumours, respectively. In a tissue array comprised of 74 different normal non-neuronal human tissues, doublecortin expression was demonstrated in epithelia of the kidney, liver, salivary glands and duodenum among others. Interestingly, doublecortin expression could not be shown in brain metastases of tumours originating from these tissues. Immunohistochemical data was further corroborated by Western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, doublecortin can be regarded as specific neuronal marker only in normal developing brain, but lacks specificity in glioneuronal and glial tumours and other non-neuronal human tissues where it is expressed in a wide variety of tumours and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Nabeshima K, Iwasaki H, Nishio J, Koga K, Shishime M, Kikuchi M. Expression of emmprin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in peripheral nerve sheath tumors: emmprin and membrane-type (MT)1-MMP expressions are associated with malignant potential. Anticancer Res 2006; 26:1359-67. [PMID: 16619545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including membrane-type (MT)-MMPs, correlate with biological aggressiveness in many carcinomas. However, their roles in peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) have rarely been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of 6 MMPs, their 3 inhibitors and emmprin, an MMP inducer, was examined in 14 schwannomas, 14 neurofibromas and 12 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) in relation to malignant potentials. RESULTS Higher expression levels (>3+) of emmprin and MT1-MMP were noted in 83.3% and 16.7% of MPNSTs, respectively, versus none in schwannomas and neurofibromas (p<0.0001). The overall expression rate (1-4+) of MT1-MMP was 58.3% in MPNSTs versus 7.1% in both schwannomas and neurofibromas (p=0.0093). Gelatinase A (MMP-2) showed higher expression levels (>3+) in all the tumors without significant differencies. Moreover, the expression patterns of MMP-1 and gelatinase B (MMP-9) could divide PNSTs into two groups: schwannoma versus neurofibroma/MPNST. Higher expression levels (>3+) of MMP-9 were observed in 50% of schwannomas versus none in neurofibromas and MPNSTs, while those of MMP-1 were found in 35.7% of neurofibromas and 66.7% of MPNSTs versus none in schwannomas. RECK was the main inhibitor expressed in these 3 tumors, with no significant differences. CONCLUSION These results suggest that emmprin and MT1-MMP may be malignant potential-related proteins in PNSTs, and that MMP-1 and 9 may help differentiation between schwannoma and neurofibroma, especially in their plexiform types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis, type 1, is associated with cutaneous melanin pigmentation, but an association with ordinary melanocytic nevi has not been described. METHODS This retrospective case-control study was designed to see if neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis, type 1 (NF-1) differ from sporadic neurofibromas (SN) in their incidence of associated melanocytic nevi and other histologic features. Slides from 114 NF-1 were compared with 112 SN and 300 intradermal melanocytic nevi (IDN). RESULTS Small lentiginous melanocytic nevi were identified over 13 NF-1 (11%) but no SN (P=0.0002). Compared with other NF-1, NF-1 with nevi were more frequently associated with melanocytic hyperplasia, giant melanosomes and diffuse neurofibroma (P<0.03). Compared with SN, NF-1 were also more frequently associated with melanocytic hyperplasia, lentigo simplex-like changes, diffuse neurofibroma and plexiform neurofibroma (P<0.001). Sebaceous hyperplasia (14%), dermal elastosis (9%), lipomatous change (8%), epithelial cysts (4%) and keratin granulomas or folliculitis (3%) were not significantly different in prevalence between NF-1, SN and the control group of IDN. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there is a difference in the potential for melanocytic proliferation in NF-1 compared with SN. NF-1, SN and IDN are associated with a similar range of incidental histologic changes. Ball NJ, Kho GT. Melanocytic nevi are associated with neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis, type 1, but not sporadic neurofibromas. A study of 226 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Ball
- Department of Pathology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Motoi T, Ishida T, Kawato A, Motoi N, Fukayama M. Pigmented neurofibroma: review of Japanese patients with an analysis of melanogenesis demonstrating coexpression of c-met protooncogene and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Hum Pathol 2005; 36:871-7. [PMID: 16112003 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pigmented neurofibroma (PNF) is a rare variant of neurofibroma showing melanin production. To clarify the clinicopathologic features of PNF and to characterize melanogenesis in PNF, 12 cases of PNF were examined in comparison with schwannoma (SCH, n = 16) and neurofibroma (NF, n = 26). The PNF patients were all Japanese including 7 men and 5 women, and patient age ranged from 11 to 71 years (median, 23.5 years). They showed strong a predisposition for neurofibromatosis type 1. Their tumor size was large, and tumors arose from various sites of skin. Histologically, clusters of epithelioid, dendritic, and spindle melanin-producing cells with faint pigmentation had a tendency to locate in deep dermis and subcutis, which seems to be a characteristic pattern of melanogenesis. There was a transition between melanin-producing cells and Schwann cells. Immunohistochemical examination included known melanogenic markers, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is a key regulator of melanogenesis, and 2 tyrosine kinase receptors, c-Met and c-Kit, which regulate the development of melanocytes. In PNF, melanin-producing cells were S100 (+), MITF (+), Melan-A (+), tyrosinase (+/-), HMB45 (+/-), c-Met (+), and c-Kit (-). Schwann cells were S100 (+), MITF (-), Melan-A (-), tyrosinase (-), HMB45 (-), c-Met (-), and c-Kit (-), and intermediate spindle cells were S100 (+), MITF (+), Melan-A (+), tyrosinase (-), HMB45 (-), c-Met (+), and c-Kit (-). When compared with SCH and NF, MITF was weakly expressed in a part of tumor cells of SCH, whereas no definite staining was found in NF. c-Met expression was very weak in a scattered manner in SCH (10/15 cases) and NF (10/26 cases). These results suggest that PNF is a unique tumor that shows differentiation toward mature melanin production, but ability of melanin synthesis seems to be impaired. There may be a close relationship between up-regulated MITF and c-Met and the peculiar melanogenic nature of PNF, and both of these are useful diagnostic tools for distinguishing PNFs with less melanin production from NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Hunter S, Weiss S, Ou CY, Jaye D, Young A, Wilcox J, Arbiser JL, Monson D, Goldblum J, Nolen JD, Varma V. Apolipoprotein D is down-regulated during malignant transformation of neurofibromas. Hum Pathol 2005; 36:987-93. [PMID: 16153462 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (apoD) expression was studied in nonneoplastic peripheral nerve, neurofibromas (NFs), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction for messenger RNA was performed on a series of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens that included 9 MPNSTs, 12 NFs, and 4 normal peripheral nerves. The average apoD expression was 108-fold decreased (DeltaCt = -7.3) in the MPNSTs compared with the NFs (P < .05). ApoD expression levels were 3.0-fold elevated (DeltaCt = 1.7) in the NFs compared with nonneoplastic peripheral nerve (P < .05). In situ hybridization for apoD RNA was performed on a separate series of 10 cases in which each microscopic section included both MPNST and the NF from which it arose. These studies confirmed elevated apoD expression in NFs compared with MPNSTs and demonstrated that this expression was variable among individual cells within the NFs. Differential expression by immunohistochemistry could only be demonstrated in selected areas, most likely because apoD protein is a small molecule that is secreted out of the cell into the extracellular space and plasma. ApoD expression initially increases a small amount with the formation of NFs from nonneoplastic peripheral nerve and subsequently decreases markedly as NFs transform into MPNSTs. This expression pattern may serve as a marker for cell cycle inhibition during peripheral nerve tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Qu CG, Wu B. [Clear cell sarcoma of temporal soft tissues: a case report]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2005; 34:252. [PMID: 16091189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Ling BC, Wu J, Miller SJ, Monk KR, Shamekh R, Rizvi TA, DeCourten-Myers G, Vogel KS, DeClue JE, Ratner N. Role for the epidermal growth factor receptor in neurofibromatosis-related peripheral nerve tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2005; 7:65-75. [PMID: 15652750 PMCID: PMC2854500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2003] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Benign neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are serious complications of neurofibromatosis type 1. The epidermal growth factor receptor is not expressed by normal Schwann cells, yet is overexpressed in subpopulations of Nf1 mutant Schwann cells. We evaluated the role of EGFR in Schwann cell tumorigenesis. Expression of EGFR in transgenic mouse Schwann cells elicited features of neurofibromas: Schwann cell hyperplasia, excess collagen, mast cell accumulation, and progressive dissociation of non-myelin-forming Schwann cells from axons. Mating EGFR transgenic mice to Nf1 hemizygotes did not enhance this phenotype. Genetic reduction of EGFR in Nf1(+/-);p53(+/-) mice that develop sarcomas significantly improved survival. Thus, gain- and loss-of-function experiments support the relevance of EGFR to peripheral nerve tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Ling
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Shyra J. Miller
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Kelly R. Monk
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Rania Shamekh
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Tilat A. Rizvi
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - Kristine S. Vogel
- The Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Jeffrey E. DeClue
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Correspondence:
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Górecki T, Ostrowska M, Kaszuba B, Nowicki P, Dudzik T, Wojnowski S. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor originating in neurofibroma of the mesentery. Case report. POL J PATHOL 2005; 56:145-7. [PMID: 16334983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An 83-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of colicky pain under the right costal arch suggesting cholecystitis. Physical examination confirmed by ultrasound scan indicated a palpable tumor in that location. Laparotomy was performed and the tumor was removed. Histopathological examination revealed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) originating in neurofibroma of the mesentery. Macroscopic, histological and cytological features were typical for MPNST. High nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia were observed but on average only two mitotic figures per high power field were seen. The growth fraction determined by Ki-67 immunoreactivity was about 30%. Immunohistochemical stains revealed positivity of individual cells for NK-1(CD57), S-100 protein and NSE. It was lack of positivity for cytokeratin, EMA, vimentin, desmin, SMA, CD34. We report a well documented case of MPNST originating in preexisting neurofibroma of the mesentery. To our knowledge, is the first case in the Polish literature.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolated cells could be encountered in neurofibroma. OBJECTIVES Frequency and immunohistochemical feature of vacuolated cells in neurofibroma. METHODS Sixty-two lesions of neurofibroma including five plexiform neurofibromas were re-evaluated for the search of vacuolated cells. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for cases with vacuolated cells. RESULTS In five cases of plexiform neurofibroma and four cases of sporadic neurofibroma with endoneurial component, presence of vacuolated cells in the endoneurial mucoid area was noted. They were immunoreactive both with S-100 protein and CD34, mostly negative for factor XIIIa and negative for epithelial membrane antigen. Vacuolated cells were found neither in the diffuse portion of plexiform neurofibroma nor in sporadic diffuse neurofibroma. CONCLUSION Presence of vacuolated cells is a highly characteristic feature of endoneurial portion of neurofibroma. Considering immunoreactivity both with S-100 protein and CD34 in the majority of vacuolated cells, they could be regarded as to represent endoneurial precursor cells in a certain stage of differentiation to Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hattori
- Department of Pathology, Kariya General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi, Japan.
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Chen YW, Fang TJ, Li HY. A solitary laryngeal neurofibroma ina pediatric patient. Chang Gung Med J 2004; 27:930-3. [PMID: 15754784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A neurofibroma of the larynx is a rare disease that usually involves the arytenoids and the aryepiglottic fold. Pediatric patients with a laryngeal neurofibroma often present with progressive dyspnea. A definitive diagnosis of a laryngeal neurofibroma is based on the histopathologic demonstration of the characteristic spindle cells, and a positive result in immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. Tumor excision of laryngeal neurofibromas by an external approach was formerly common. We present a case of a solitary laryngeal neurofibroma in a 4-year-old child that was completely excised using direct laryngoscopy and a CO2 laser. There has been no recurrence after a follow-up of 4 years. For pediatric patients with an isolated laryngeal neurofibroma, endoscopic surgery provides an alternative approach due to its safety, effectiveness, and minimal invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei
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Ide F, Shimoyama T, Horie N, Kusama K. Comparative ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of perineurioma and neurofibroma of the oral mucosa. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:948-53. [PMID: 15380174 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the course of assessing the cellular composition of intraoral neurofibroma (NF), we encountered a unique gingival tumor of putative perineurial (PN) origin. The lesion showed the ordinary light microscopic NF pattern, but the ultrastructural features of well-differentiated PN cells as well as an epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)-positive, S-100 protein-negative immunoprofile confirmed the diagnosis of soft tissue perineurioma (STP). In our small series of NF, there were three ultrastructural subtypes: Type I (common Schwann cell type), Type II (NF with a high content of PN cells) and Type III (predominantly fibroblastic NF), although inhomogeneous and overlapping assembly of cellular elements. A significant number of tumor cells in Type II showed the substantial reactivity for EMA, whereas many CD34-positive cells were noted in Type III. The present results confirm previous findings that PN lineage is an important constituent in the formation of NF and reinforce the value of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Ide
- Department of Oral Pathology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.
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Holtkamp N, Mautner VF, Friedrich RE, Harder A, Hartmann C, Theallier-Janko A, Hoffmann KT, von Deimling A. Differentially expressed genes in neurofibromatosis 1-associated neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Acta Neuropathol 2004; 107:159-68. [PMID: 14673600 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-003-0797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Revised: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromas represent one of the hallmarks of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) patients. Tumor progression of neurofibromas to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) is a frequent and life threatening complication. To learn more about processes involved in malignant transformation, we evaluated differential gene expression in plexiform neurofibroma and MPNST from the same NF1 patient. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) yielded 133 differentially expressed genes confirmed by reverse Northern blotting. Virtual Northern blots were employed to validate 23 genes. To independently verify differential expression, immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies to matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and fibronectin (FN1) were performed on 9 dermal and 9 plexiform neurofibromas and 16 MPNST from 19 NF1 patients. All three proteins proved to be up-regulated in MPNST. MMP13 expression was observed in 44% of MPNST but was absent in neurofibromas. PDGFRA was expressed in all tumors, but the number of cells expressing it was below 30% in neurofibromas and over 50% in MPNST. Likewise, FN1 was expressed in all tumors, but less than 30% of the cells in neurofibromas and more than 70% of the cells in MPNST exhibited antibody binding. Our data point to several genes not previously recognized to be differentially expressed, and provide a framework for future studies on progression-associated gene expression in low- and high-grade nerve sheath tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Holtkamp
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité, Humboldt University, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Neurofibromas are benign tumors comprised primarily of Schwann cells and fibroblasts. Mast cell infiltration is a well-known phenomenon; however, their role in tumor pathogenesis has been enigmatic. In an elegant set of experiments using cells derived from a murine model of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), Yang et al. dissect the molecular pathways involved in mast cell migration to neurofibromin-deficient Schwann cells. These results set the stage for rational development of therapeutics that could influence the multicellular microenvironment of neurofibromas to inhibit the development and/or progression of these tumors in human NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Viskochil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Yang FC, Ingram DA, Chen S, Hingtgen CM, Ratner N, Monk KR, Clegg T, White H, Mead L, Wenning MJ, Williams DA, Kapur R, Atkinson SJ, Clapp DW. Neurofibromin-deficient Schwann cells secrete a potent migratory stimulus for Nf1+/- mast cells. J Clin Invest 2004; 112:1851-61. [PMID: 14679180 PMCID: PMC296994 DOI: 10.1172/jci19195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF1 tumor suppressor gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein called neurofibromin that negatively regulates Ras signaling. Mutations in NF1 cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The development of neurofibromas, which are complex tumors composed of multiple cell types, is a hallmark of NF1. Somatic inactivation of murine Nf1 in Schwann cells is necessary, but not sufficient, to initiate neurofibroma formation. Neurofibromas occur with high penetrance in mice in which Nf1 is ablated in Schwann cells in the context of a heterozygous mutant (Nf1+/-) microenvironment. Mast cells infiltrate neurofibromas, where they secrete proteins that can remodel the ECM and initiate angiogenesis. Thus, identification of mechanisms responsible for mast cell migration to tumor microenvironments is important for understanding tumorigenesis and for designing potential therapies. Here, we show that homozygous Nf1 mutant (Nf1-/-) Schwann cells secrete Kit ligand (KitL), which stimulates mast cell migration, and that Nf1+/- mast cells are hypermotile in response to KitL. Furthermore, we link hyperactivation of the Ras-class IA-PI3K-Rac2 pathway to increased Nf1+/- mast cell migration. Thus, these studies identify a novel interaction between Nf1-/- Schwann cells and Nf1+/- mast cells that is likely to be important in neurofibroma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Abstract
We studied the expression of angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor) in cutaneous neurofibroma samples from patients with neurofibromatosis-1. Immunohistochemical staining and the reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method demonstrated that vascular endothelial and basic fibroblast growths factor are highly expressed in neurofibroma cells at both the protein and mRNA level. These data suggest that vascular endothelial and basic fibroblast growth factors may contribute to both the angiogenesis and hypervascularity of neurofibromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kawachi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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McLaughlin ME, Jacks T. Progesterone receptor expression in neurofibromas. Cancer Res 2003; 63:752-5. [PMID: 12591720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromas are benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, which occur sporadically and in association with the common familial cancer syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1. There are intriguing links between the growth of neurofibromas and levels of circulating hormones: neurofibromas often first appear around the time of puberty, increase in number and size during pregnancy, and shrink after giving birth. We examined 59 human neurofibromas for the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (PRs), because their ligands, estrogen and progesterone, were attractive candidate hormones. The majority (75%) of neurofibromas expressed PR, whereas only a minority (5%) of neurofibromas expressed estrogen receptor. Within neurofibromas, PR was expressed by non-neoplastic tumor-associated cells and not by neoplastic Schwann cells. We hypothesize that progesterone may play an important role in neurofibroma growth and suggest that antiprogestins may be useful in the treatment of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E McLaughlin
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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