1
|
Sussman JH, Oldridge DA, Yu W, Chen CH, Zellmer AM, Rong J, Parvaresh-Rizi A, Thadi A, Xu J, Bandyopadhyay S, Sun Y, Wu D, Emerson Hunter C, Brosius S, Ahn KJ, Baxter AE, Koptyra MP, Vanguri RS, McGrory S, Resnick AC, Storm PB, Amankulor NM, Santi M, Viaene AN, Zhang N, Raedt TD, Cole K, Tan K. A longitudinal single-cell and spatial multiomic atlas of pediatric high-grade glioma. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.06.583588. [PMID: 38496580 PMCID: PMC10942465 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is an incurable central nervous system malignancy that is a leading cause of pediatric cancer death. While pHGG shares many similarities to adult glioma, it is increasingly recognized as a molecularly distinct, yet highly heterogeneous disease. In this study, we longitudinally profiled a molecularly diverse cohort of 16 pHGG patients before and after standard therapy through single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and CODEX spatial proteomics to capture the evolution of the tumor microenvironment during progression following treatment. We found that the canonical neoplastic cell phenotypes of adult glioblastoma are insufficient to capture the range of tumor cell states in a pediatric cohort and observed differential tumor-myeloid interactions between malignant cell states. We identified key transcriptional regulators of pHGG cell states and did not observe the marked proneural to mesenchymal shift characteristic of adult glioblastoma. We showed that essential neuromodulators and the interferon response are upregulated post-therapy along with an increase in non-neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Through in vitro pharmacological perturbation, we demonstrated novel malignant cell-intrinsic targets. This multiomic atlas of longitudinal pHGG captures the key features of therapy response that support distinction from its adult counterpart and suggests therapeutic strategies which are targeted to pediatric gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Sussman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenbao Yu
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abigail M. Zellmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jiazhen Rong
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Anusha Thadi
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason Xu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shovik Bandyopadhyay
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - David Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C. Emerson Hunter
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephanie Brosius
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kyung Jin Ahn
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mateusz P. Koptyra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rami S. Vanguri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephanie McGrory
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam C. Resnick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nduka M. Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Angela N. Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kristina Cole
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kai Tan
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Single Cell Biology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Min J, Zaslavsky A, Fedele G, McLaughlin SK, Reczek EE, De Raedt T, Guney I, Strochlic DE, MacConaill LE, Beroukhim R, Bronson RT, Ryeom S, Hahn WC, Loda M, Cichowski K. Author Correction: An oncogene-tumor suppressor cascade drives metastatic prostate cancer by coordinately activating Ras and nuclear factor-κB. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-02866-2. [PMID: 38383797 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Min
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Zaslavsky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giuseppe Fedele
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara K McLaughlin
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Reczek
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isil Guney
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David E Strochlic
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura E MacConaill
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harvey K, Labella K, Liou A, Brosius S, De Raedt T. Spheroid Drug Sensitivity Screening in Glioma Stem Cell Lines. J Vis Exp 2024. [PMID: 38372384 DOI: 10.3791/65655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro drug sensitivity screens are important tools in the discovery of anti-cancer drug combination therapies. Typically, these in vitro drug screens are performed on cells grown in a monolayer. However, these two-dimensional (2D) models are considered less accurate compared to three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell models; this is especially true for glioma stem cell lines. Cells grown in spheres activate different signaling pathways and are considered more representative of in vivo models than monolayer cell lines. This protocol describes a method for in vitro drug screening of spheroid lines; mouse and human glioma stem cell lines are used as an example. This protocol describes a 3D spheroid drug sensitivity and synergy assay that can be used to determine if a drug or drug combination induces cell death and if two drugs synergize. Glioma stem cell lines are modified to express RFP. Cells are plated in low attachment round well bottom 96 plates, and spheres are allowed to form overnight. Drugs are added, and the growth is monitored by measuring the RFP signal over time using the Incucyte live imaging system, a fluorescence microscope embedded in the tissue culture incubator. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), median lethal dose (LD50), and synergy score are subsequently calculated to evaluate sensitivities to drugs alone or in combination. The three-dimensional nature of this assay provides a more accurate reflection of tumor growth, behavior, and drug sensitivities in vivo, thus forming the basis for further preclinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Harvey
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Labella
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Liou
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Brosius
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kotch C, Brosius SN, De Raedt T, Fisher MJ. Updates in the Management of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Tumors among Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Neurofibromatosis Type 2. Pediatr Neurosurg 2023; 58:267-280. [PMID: 36746138 DOI: 10.1159/000529507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 and neurofibromatosis type 2 are unrelated, distinct genetic disorders characterized by the development of central and peripheral nervous system tumors. SUMMARY Neurofibromatosis type 1 is the most common inherited tumor predisposition syndrome with a lifelong increased risk of benign and malignant tumor development, such as glioma and nerve sheath tumors. Neurofibromatosis type 2 classically presents with bilateral vestibular schwannoma, yet it is also associated with non-vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, and ependymoma. Historically, the number of effective therapies for neurofibromatosis-related neoplasms has been limited. KEY MESSAGE In the past decade, there have been significant advances in the development of precision-based therapies for NF-associated tumors with an increased emphasis on functional outcomes in addition to tumor response. Continued scientific discovery and advancement of targeted therapies for NF-associated neoplasms are necessary to continue to improve outcomes for patients with NF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Kotch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Nicole Brosius
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Jay Fisher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dougherty J, Harvey K, Liou A, Labella K, Moran D, Brosius S, De Raedt T. Identification of therapeutic sensitivities in a spheroid drug combination screen of Neurofibromatosis Type I associated High Grade Gliomas. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277305. [PMID: 36730269 PMCID: PMC9894422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) patients develop an array of benign and malignant tumors, of which Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) and High Grade Gliomas (HGG) have a dismal prognosis. About 15-20% of individuals with NF1 develop brain tumors and one third of these occur outside of the optic pathway. These non-optic pathway gliomas are more likely to progress to malignancy, especially in adults. Despite their low frequency, high grade gliomas have a disproportional effect on the morbidity of NF1 patients. In vitro drug combination screens have not been performed on NF1-associated HGG, hindering our ability to develop informed clinical trials. Here we present the first in vitro drug combination screen (21 compounds alone or in combination with MEK or PI3K inhibitors) on the only human NF1 patient derived HGG cell line available and on three mouse glioma cell lines derived from the NF1-P53 genetically engineered mouse model, which sporadically develop HGG. These mouse glioma cell lines were never exposed to serum, grow as spheres and express markers that are consistent with an Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell (OPC) lineage origin. Importantly, even though the true cell of origin for HGG remains elusive, they are thought to arise from the OPC lineage. We evaluated drug sensitivities of the three murine glioma cell lines in a 3D spheroid growth assay, which more accurately reflects drug sensitivities in vivo. Excitingly, we identified six compounds targeting HDACs, BRD4, CHEK1, BMI-1, CDK1/2/5/9, and the proteasome that potently induced cell death in our NF1-associated HGG. Moreover, several of these inhibitors work synergistically with either MEK or PI3K inhibitors. This study forms the basis for further pre-clinical evaluation of promising targets, with an eventual hope to translate these to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Dougherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kyra Harvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Angela Liou
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine Labella
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deborah Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Brosius
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department or Neurology, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rokita JL, Gaonkar K, Ijaz H, Miller D, Karras T, Santi M, Martinez D, Koptyra M, De Raedt T, Mason J, Appert E, Lilly J, Zhu Y, Waanders A, Resnick A, Storm J, Cole K. PATH-21. TELOMERE LENGTH ANALYSIS OF CNS TUMORS IN THE PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR ATLAS. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715777 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsets of pediatric cancers, including high grade glioma (pHGG), have high rates of uniquely long telomeres, associated with ATRX gene mutations and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Ultimately, these cancers may benefit from a therapy stratification approach. In order to identify and further characterize pediatric brain tumors with telomere lengthening (TL), we determined the intratelomeric content in silico from paired WGS of 918 tumors from CBTTC Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA). The results were highly concordant with experimental assays to determine ALT in a subset of 45 pHGG tumors from the set. Overall, 13% of the PBTA cohort had telomere lengthening. We confirmed the highest rate of TL (37%) in the pHGG cohort (37/100 tumors; 30/82 patients). There was no statistical difference in age, gender or survival in subset analysis. As expected, the patient pHGG tumors with telomere lengthening were enriched for ATRX mutations (60%, q= 1.76e-3). However, 6 tumors without ATRX mutation also had normal protein expression, suggesting a different mechanism of inactivation or TL. The pHGG tumors with telomere lengthening had increased mutational burden (q=8.98e-3) and included all known pHGG cases (n=6) in the cohort with replication repair deficiencies. Of interest, the second highest rate of telomere lengthening was 9 subjects (24%) in the craniopharyngioma cohort. None of the craniopharyngioma tumors had ATRX mutations or low ATRX expression, and 55% of those with TL had CTNNB1 mutations. Finally, lower rates of telomere lengthening were found in medulloblastoma (10%), ependymoma (10%), low grade astrocytoma (8%) and ganglioglioma (7/47, 15%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Lynn Rokita
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D³b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krutika Gaonkar
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D³b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heba Ijaz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Miller
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D³b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tasso Karras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D³b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC), Operations Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Mason
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC), Operations Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Appert
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC), Operations Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jena Lilly
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D³b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yakun Zhu
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D³b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela Waanders
- Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC), Operations Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Resnick
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D³b), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC), Operations Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jay Storm
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Cole
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Guillermier C, De Raedt T, Cox AG, Maertens O, Yimlamai D, Lun M, Whitney A, Maas RL, Goessling W, Cichowski K, Steinhauser ML. Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Tumor Metabolic Heterogeneity. iScience 2020; 23:101355. [PMID: 32712466 PMCID: PMC7390776 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors exhibit high degrees of genomic heterogeneity at the cellular level, leading to the view that subpopulations of tumor cells drive growth and treatment resistance. To examine the degree to which tumors also exhibit metabolic heterogeneity at the level of individual cells, we employed multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS) to quantify utilization of stable isotopes of glucose and glutamine along with a label for cell division. Mouse models of melanoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) exhibited striking heterogeneity of substrate utilization, evident in both proliferating and non-proliferating cells. We identified a correlation between metabolic heterogeneity, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Heterogeneity in metabolic substrate usage as revealed by incorporation of glucose and glutamine tracers is thus a marker for tumor proliferation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that MIMS provides a powerful tool with which to dissect metabolic functions of individual cells within the native tumor environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew G Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ophelia Maertens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyue Lun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Whitney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard L Maas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guerra SL, Maertens O, Kuzmickas R, De Raedt T, Adeyemi RO, Guild CJ, Guillemette S, Redig AJ, Chambers ES, Xu M, Tiv H, Santagata S, Jänne PA, Elledge SJ, Cichowski K. A Deregulated HOX Gene Axis Confers an Epigenetic Vulnerability in KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancers. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:705-719.e6. [PMID: 32243838 PMCID: PMC10805385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While KRAS mutations are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), effective treatments are lacking. Here, we report that half of KRAS-mutant NSCLCs aberrantly express the homeobox protein HOXC10, largely due to unappreciated defects in PRC2, which confers sensitivity to combined BET/MEK inhibitors in xenograft and PDX models. Efficacy of the combination is dependent on suppression of HOXC10 by BET inhibitors. We further show that HOXC10 regulates the expression of pre-replication complex (pre-RC) proteins in sensitive tumors. Accordingly, BET/MEK inhibitors suppress pre-RC proteins in cycling cells, triggering stalled replication, DNA damage, and death. These studies reveal a promising therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant NSCLCs, identify a predictive biomarker of response, and define a subset of NSCLCs with a targetable epigenetic vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Guerra
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ophélia Maertens
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Kuzmickas
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard O Adeyemi
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline J Guild
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shawna Guillemette
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda J Redig
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily S Chambers
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutic Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ijaz H, Koptyra M, Gaonkar KS, Rokita JL, Baubet VP, Tauhid L, Zhu Y, Brown M, Lopez G, Zhang B, Diskin SJ, Vaksman Z, Mason JL, Appert E, Lilly J, Lulla R, De Raedt T, Heath AP, Felmeister A, Raman P, Nazarian J, Santi MR, Storm PB, Resnick A, Waanders AJ, Cole KA. Pediatric high-grade glioma resources from the Children's Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:163-165. [PMID: 31613963 PMCID: PMC6954395 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ijaz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Krutika S Gaonkar
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie P Baubet
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lamiya Tauhid
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuankun Zhu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Miguel Brown
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jennifer L Mason
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Appert
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jena Lilly
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rishi Lulla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison P Heath
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Felmeister
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pichai Raman
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Maria Rita Santi
- Department of Pathology, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Phillip B Storm
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Resnick
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela J Waanders
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, Operations Center at CHOP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristina A Cole
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ijaz H, Koptyra M, Gaonkar K, Lynne Rokita J, Baubet V, Tauhid L, Zhu Y, Brown M, Lopez G, Zhang B, Diskin S, Vaksman Z, Mason J, Appert E, Lilly J, Lulla R, De Raedt T, Heath A, Felmeister A, Raman P, Nazarian J, Santi M, Storm P, Resnick A, Waanders A, Cole K. PDTM-16. PEDIATRIC HIGH GRADE GLIOMA RESOURCES FROM THE CHILDREN’S BRAIN TUMOR TISSUE CONSORTIUM (CBTTC) AND PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR ATLAS (PBTA). Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Pediatric high grade glioma (pHGG) remains a fatal disease. Access to richly annotated biospecimens and patient derived tumor models will accelerate pHGG research and support translation of research discoveries. This work describes the pediatric high grade glioma set of the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC) from the first release of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA).
METHODS
pHGG tumors with associated clinical data and imaging were prospectively collected through the CBTTC and analyzed as the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA) with processed genomic data deposited into PedcBioPortal for broad access and visualization. Matched tumor was cultured to create high grade glioma cell lines analyzed by targeted and WGS and RNA-seq. A tissue microarray (TMA) of primary pHGG tumors was also created.
RESULTS
The pHGG set includes 87 collection events (73 patients, 60% at diagnosis, median age of 9 yrs, 55% female, 46% hemispheric). Operative reports, pathology reports and histology images are available for nearly all cases. Pre- and post-operative MRI images and reports are also available for a subset. Tumor WGS/RNAseq is available for 70 subjects. Analysis of somatic mutations and copy number alterations of known glioma genes were of expected distribution (36% H3.3, 47% TP53, 24% ATRX and 7% BRAFV600E variants). In our panel of pHGG, six patients (8 tumors) harbored germline mismatch repair mutations with tumor hyper-mutation. A pHGG TMA (n=77), includes 36 patient tumors with matched sequencing. At least one established glioma cell line was generated from 23 patients (32%). Unique reagents include those derived from a H3.3 G34R glioma and from tumors with mismatch repair deficiency.
CONCLUSION
The CBTTC and PBTA have created an openly available integrated resource of over 2,000 tumors, including a rich set of pHGG primary tumors, corresponding cell lines and archival fixed tissue to advance translational research for pHGG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ijaz
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Valerie Baubet
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lamiya Tauhid
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuankun Zhu
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Brown
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Diskin
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Mason
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jena Lilly
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Allison Heath
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Pichai Raman
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Phillip Storm
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Resnick
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela Waanders
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristina Cole
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maertens O, Kuzmickas R, Manchester H, Emerson C, Gavin A, Guild C, Wong T, Raedt TD, Bowman-Colin C, Hatchi E, Garraway L, Flaherty K, Pathania S, Elledge S, Cichowski K. Abstract LB-113: MAPK pathway suppression unmasks latent DNA repair defects and confers a chemical synthetic vulnerability in BRAF, NRASand NF1-mutant melanomas. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-lb-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
While the majority of BRAF-mutant melanomas respond to BRAF/MEK inhibitors, these agents are not typically curative. Moreover, they are largely ineffective in NRAS and NF1-mutant tumors. Here we report that genetic and chemical suppression of HDAC3 potently cooperates with MAPK pathway inhibitors in all three Ras pathway-driven tumors. Specifically, we show that entinostat dramatically enhances tumor regression when combined with BRAF/MEK inhibitors, both in models that are sensitive or relatively resistant to these agents. Interestingly, MGMT expression predicts responsiveness and marks tumors with latent defects in DNA repair. BRAF/MEK inhibitors enhance these defects by suppressing homologous recombination genes, inducing a BRCA-like state; however, entinostat addition triggers the concomitant suppression of NHEJ genes, resulting in a chemical synthetic lethality caused by excessive DNA damage. Together these studies identify melanomas with latent DNA repair defects, describe a promising drug combination that capitalizes on these defects, and reveal a tractable therapeutic biomarker.
Citation Format: Ophélia Maertens, Ryan Kuzmickas, Haley Manchester, Chloe Emerson, Alessandra Gavin, Caroline Guild, Terence Wong, Thomas De Raedt, Christian Bowman-Colin, Elodie Hatchi, Levi Garraway, Keith Flaherty, Shailja Pathania, Stephen Elledge, Karen Cichowski. MAPK pathway suppression unmasks latent DNA repair defects and confers a chemical synthetic vulnerability inBRAF,NRASandNF1-mutant melanomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-113.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fisher MJ, Belzberg AJ, de Blank P, De Raedt T, Elefteriou F, Ferner RE, Giovannini M, Harris GJ, Kalamarides M, Karajannis MA, Kim A, Lázaro C, Le LQ, Li W, Listernick R, Martin S, Morrison H, Pasmant E, Ratner N, Schorry E, Ullrich NJ, Viskochil D, Weiss B, Widemann BC, Zhu Y, Bakker A, Serra E. 2016 Children's Tumor Foundation conference on neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 176:1258-1269. [PMID: 29681099 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organized and hosted by the Children's Tumor Foundation (CTF), the Neurofibromatosis (NF) conference is the premier annual gathering for clinicians and researchers interested in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN). The 2016 edition constituted a blend of clinical and basic aspects of NF research that helped in clarifying different advances in the field. The incorporation of next generation sequencing is changing the way genetic diagnostics is performed for NF and related disorders, providing solutions to problems like genetic heterogeneity, overlapping clinical manifestations, or the presence of mosaicism. The transformation from plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is being clarified, along with new management and treatments for benign and premalignant tumors. Promising new cellular and in vivo models for understanding the musculoskeletal abnormalities in NF1, the development of NF2 or SWN associated schwannomas, and clarifying the cells that give rise to NF1-associated optic pathway glioma were presented. The interaction of neurofibromin and SPRED1 was described comprehensively, providing functional insight that will help in the interpretation of pathogenicity of certain missense variants identified in NF1 and Legius syndrome patients. Novel promising imaging techniques are being developed, as well as new integrative and holistic management models for patients that take into account psychological, social, and biological factors. Importantly, new therapeutic approaches for schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, PNF, and MPNST are being pursued. This report highlights the major advances that were presented at the 2016 CTF NF conference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fisher
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allan J Belzberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter de Blank
- Division of Oncology and Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Center for Skeletal Medicine and Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosalie E Ferner
- Neurofibromatosis Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - AeRang Kim
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL-CIBERONC), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Listernick
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Staci Martin
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Eric Pasmant
- EA7331 and Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris, France
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elisabeth Schorry
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Viskochil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brian Weiss
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuan Zhu
- The Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, Centers for Cancer and Immunology Research and Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, The Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-PMPPC, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maertens O, Kuzmickas R, Manchester HE, Emerson CE, Gavin AG, Guild CJ, Wong TC, De Raedt T, Bowman-Colin C, Hatchi E, Garraway LA, Flaherty KT, Pathania S, Elledge SJ, Cichowski K. MAPK Pathway Suppression Unmasks Latent DNA Repair Defects and Confers a Chemical Synthetic Vulnerability in BRAF-, NRAS-, and NF1-Mutant Melanomas. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:526-545. [PMID: 30709805 PMCID: PMC10151004 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the majority of BRAF-mutant melanomas respond to BRAF/MEK inhibitors, these agents are not typically curative. Moreover, they are largely ineffective in NRAS- and NF1-mutant tumors. Here we report that genetic and chemical suppression of HDAC3 potently cooperates with MAPK pathway inhibitors in all three RAS pathway-driven tumors. Specifically, we show that entinostat dramatically enhances tumor regression when combined with BRAF/MEK inhibitors, in both models that are sensitive or relatively resistant to these agents. Interestingly, MGMT expression predicts responsiveness and marks tumors with latent defects in DNA repair. BRAF/MEK inhibitors enhance these defects by suppressing homologous recombination genes, inducing a BRCA-like state; however, addition of entinostat triggers the concomitant suppression of nonhomologous end-joining genes, resulting in a chemical synthetic lethality caused by excessive DNA damage. Together, these studies identify melanomas with latent DNA repair defects, describe a promising drug combination that capitalizes on these defects, and reveal a tractable therapeutic biomarker. SIGNIFICANCE: BRAF/MEK inhibitors are not typically curative in BRAF-mutant melanomas and are ineffective in NRAS- and NF1-mutant tumors. We show that HDAC inhibitors dramatically enhance the efficacy of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in sensitive and insensitive RAS pathway-driven melanomas by coordinately suppressing two DNA repair pathways, and identify a clinical biomarker that predicts responsiveness.See related commentary by Lombard et al., p. 469.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 453.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélia Maertens
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan Kuzmickas
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haley E Manchester
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chloe E Emerson
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alessandra G Gavin
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline J Guild
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terence C Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian Bowman-Colin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elodie Hatchi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shailja Pathania
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maertens O, McCurrach ME, Braun BS, De Raedt T, Epstein I, Huang TQ, Lauchle JO, Lee H, Wu J, Cripe TP, Clapp DW, Ratner N, Shannon K, Cichowski K. A Collaborative Model for Accelerating the Discovery and Translation of Cancer Therapies. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5706-5711. [PMID: 28993414 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) have the potential to expedite the development of effective new therapies; however, they are not routinely integrated into drug development pipelines. GEMMs may be particularly valuable for investigating treatments for less common cancers, which frequently lack alternative faithful models. Here, we describe a multicenter cooperative group that has successfully leveraged the expertise and resources from philanthropic foundations, academia, and industry to advance therapeutic discovery and translation using GEMMs as a preclinical platform. This effort, known as the Neurofibromatosis Preclinical Consortium (NFPC), was established to accelerate new treatments for tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). At its inception, there were no effective treatments for NF1 and few promising approaches on the horizon. Since 2008, participating laboratories have conducted 95 preclinical trials of 38 drugs or combinations through collaborations with 18 pharmaceutical companies. Importantly, these studies have identified 13 therapeutic targets, which have inspired 16 clinical trials. This review outlines the opportunities and challenges of building this type of consortium and highlights how it can accelerate clinical translation. We believe that this strategy of foundation-academic-industry partnering is generally applicable to many diseases and has the potential to markedly improve the success of therapeutic development. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5706-11. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélia Maertens
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mila E McCurrach
- Children's Tumor Foundation, New York, New York.,NYU Langone Medical Center, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin S Braun
- Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inbal Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Tannie Q Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer O Lauchle
- Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Hyerim Lee
- Children's Tumor Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Hematology & Oncology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Herman Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kevin Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Olsen SN, Wronski A, Castaño Z, Dake B, Malone C, De Raedt T, Enos M, DeRose YS, Zhou W, Guerra S, Loda M, Welm A, Partridge AH, McAllister SS, Kuperwasser C, Cichowski K. Loss of RasGAP Tumor Suppressors Underlies the Aggressive Nature of Luminal B Breast Cancers. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:202-217. [PMID: 27974415 PMCID: PMC6461361 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Luminal breast cancers are typically estrogen receptor-positive and generally have the best prognosis. However, a subset of luminal tumors, namely luminal B cancers, frequently metastasize and recur. Unfortunately, the causal events that drive their progression are unknown, and therefore it is difficult to identify individuals who are likely to relapse and should receive escalated treatment. Here, we identify a bifunctional RasGAP tumor suppressor whose expression is lost in almost 50% of luminal B tumors. Moreover, we show that two RasGAP genes are concomitantly suppressed in the most aggressive luminal malignancies. Importantly, these genes cooperatively regulate two major oncogenic pathways, RAS and NF-κB, through distinct domains, and when inactivated drive the metastasis of luminal tumors in vivo Finally, although the cooperative effects on RAS drive invasion, NF-κB activation triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is required for metastasis. Collectively, these studies reveal important mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of luminal B tumors and provide functionally relevant prognostic biomarkers that may guide treatment decisions. SIGNIFICANCE The lack of insight into mechanisms that underlie the aggressive behavior of luminal B breast cancers impairs treatment decisions and therapeutic advances. Here, we show that two RasGAP tumor suppressors are concomitantly suppressed in aggressive luminal B tumors and demonstrate that they drive metastasis by activating RAS and NF-κB. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 202-17. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Sears and Gray, p. 131This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 115.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naomi Olsen
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ania Wronski
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zafira Castaño
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Dake
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clare Malone
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miriam Enos
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wenhui Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie Guerra
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alana Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandra S McAllister
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang H, Qi J, Reyes JM, Li L, Rao PK, Li F, Lin CY, Perry JA, Lawlor MA, Federation A, De Raedt T, Li YY, Liu Y, Duarte MA, Zhang Y, Herter-Sprie GS, Kikuchi E, Carretero J, Perou CM, Reibel JB, Paulk J, Bronson RT, Watanabe H, Brainson CF, Kim CF, Hammerman PS, Brown M, Cichowski K, Long H, Bradner JE, Wong KK. Oncogenic Deregulation of EZH2 as an Opportunity for Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1006-21. [PMID: 27312177 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As a master regulator of chromatin function, the lysine methyltransferase EZH2 orchestrates transcriptional silencing of developmental gene networks. Overexpression of EZH2 is commonly observed in human epithelial cancers, such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), yet definitive demonstration of malignant transformation by deregulated EZH2 remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the causal role of EZH2 overexpression in NSCLC with new genetically engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma. Deregulated EZH2 silences normal developmental pathways, leading to epigenetic transformation independent of canonical growth factor pathway activation. As such, tumors feature a transcriptional program distinct from KRAS- and EGFR-mutant mouse lung cancers, but shared with human lung adenocarcinomas exhibiting high EZH2 expression. To target EZH2-dependent cancers, we developed a potent open-source EZH2 inhibitor, JQEZ5, that promoted the regression of EZH2-driven tumors in vivo, confirming oncogenic addiction to EZH2 in established tumors and providing the rationale for epigenetic therapy in a subset of lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE EZH2 overexpression induces murine lung cancers that are similar to human NSCLC with high EZH2 expression and low levels of phosphorylated AKT and ERK, implicating biomarkers for EZH2 inhibitor sensitivity. Our EZH2 inhibitor, JQEZ5, promotes regression of these tumors, revealing a potential role for anti-EZH2 therapy in lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1006-21. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Frankel et al., p. 949This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaime M Reyes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewyn Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prakash K Rao
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fugen Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A Perry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Federation
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa A Duarte
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grit S Herter-Sprie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eiki Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julian Carretero
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jacob B Reibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshiawa Paulk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Fillmore Brainson
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
De Raedt T, Beert E, Pasmant E, Luscan A, Brems H, Ortonne N, Helin K, Hornick JL, Mautner V, Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Clapp W, Bradner J, Vidaud M, Upadhyaya M, Legius E, Cichowski K. PRC2 loss amplifies Ras-driven transcription and confers sensitivity to BRD4-based therapies. Nature 2014; 514:247-51. [PMID: 25119042 DOI: 10.1038/nature13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) exerts oncogenic effects in many tumour types. However, loss-of-function mutations in PRC2 components occur in a subset of haematopoietic malignancies, suggesting that this complex plays a dichotomous and poorly understood role in cancer. Here we provide genomic, cellular, and mouse modelling data demonstrating that the polycomb group gene SUZ12 functions as tumour suppressor in PNS tumours, high-grade gliomas and melanomas by cooperating with mutations in NF1. NF1 encodes a Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) and its loss drives cancer by activating Ras. We show that SUZ12 loss potentiates the effects of NF1 mutations by amplifying Ras-driven transcription through effects on chromatin. Importantly, however, SUZ12 inactivation also triggers an epigenetic switch that sensitizes these cancers to bromodomain inhibitors. Collectively, these studies not only reveal an unexpected connection between the PRC2 complex, NF1 and Ras, but also identify a promising epigenetic-based therapeutic strategy that may be exploited for a variety of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Raedt
- 1] Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Eline Beert
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium [2] [3] Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Facility Life Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven Afdeling Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Pasmant
- 1] INSERM UMR_S745 et EA7331, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France [2] Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France [3]
| | - Armelle Luscan
- 1] INSERM UMR_S745 et EA7331, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France [2] Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Ortonne
- 1] INSERM UMR_S745 et EA7331, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France [2] Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Kristian Helin
- 1] Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Center for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark [3] The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Victor Mautner
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wade Clapp
- Herman Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James Bradner
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michel Vidaud
- 1] INSERM UMR_S745 et EA7331, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France [2] Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Eric Legius
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium [2] Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Karen Cichowski
- 1] Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luscan A, Shackleford G, Masliah-Planchon J, Laurendeau I, Ortonne N, Varin J, Lallemand F, Leroy K, Dumaine V, Hivelin M, Borderie D, De Raedt T, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Larousserie F, Terris B, Lantieri L, Vidaud M, Vidaud D, Wolkenstein P, Parfait B, Bièche I, Massaad C, Pasmant E. The activation of the WNT signaling pathway is a Hallmark in neurofibromatosis type 1 tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:358-71. [PMID: 24218515 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hallmark of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the onset of dermal or plexiform neurofibromas, mainly composed of Schwann cells. Plexiform neurofibromas can transform into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) that are resistant to therapies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The aim of this study was to identify an additional pathway in the NF1 tumorigenesis. We focused our work on Wnt signaling that is highly implicated in cancer, mainly in regulating the proliferation of cancer stem cells. We quantified mRNAs of 89 Wnt pathway genes in 57 NF1-associated tumors including dermal and plexiform neurofibromas and MPNSTs. Expression of two major stem cell marker genes and five major epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker genes was also assessed. The expression of significantly deregulated Wnt genes was then studied in normal human Schwann cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mast cells and in seven MPNST cell lines. RESULTS The expression of nine Wnt genes was significantly deregulated in plexiform neurofibromas in comparison with dermal neurofibromas. Twenty Wnt genes showed altered expression in MPNST biopsies and cell lines. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the Wnt pathway activation in NF1-associated MPNSTs. We then confirmed that the knockdown of NF1 in Schwann cells but not in epithelial cells provoked the activation of Wnt pathway by functional transfection assays. Furthermore, we showed that the protein expression of active β-catenin was increased in NF1-silenced cell lines. Wnt pathway activation was strongly associated to both cancer stem cell reservoir and Schwann-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION We highlighted the implication of Wnt pathway in NF1-associated tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Luscan
- Authors' Affiliations: UMR_S745 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité; Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes; Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); UMR8194 CNRS, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cochin Hospital; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Laboratory of Biochemistry; Tumour bank, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, and CNRS, UMR8104, Paris; Département de pathologie Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC); Platform of Biological Ressources; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Hôpital Henri-Mondor; Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and EA 4393 LIC, UPEC, Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin; FNCLCC, Saint-Cloud; and Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
McLaughlin SK, Olsen SN, Dake B, De Raedt T, Lim E, Bronson RT, Beroukhim R, Polyak K, Brown M, Kuperwasser C, Cichowski K. The RasGAP gene, RASAL2, is a tumor and metastasis suppressor. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:365-78. [PMID: 24029233 PMCID: PMC3822334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RAS genes are commonly mutated in cancer; however, RAS mutations are rare in breast cancer, despite frequent hyperactivation of Ras and ERK. Here, we report that the RasGAP gene, RASAL2, functions as a tumor and metastasis suppressor. RASAL2 is mutated or suppressed in human breast cancer, and RASAL2 ablation promotes tumor growth, progression, and metastasis in mouse models. In human breast cancer, RASAL2 loss is associated with metastatic disease; low RASAL2 levels correlate with recurrence of luminal B tumors; and RASAL2 ablation promotes metastasis of luminal mouse tumors. Additional data reveal a broader role for RASAL2 inactivation in other tumor types. These studies highlight the expanding role of RasGAPs and reveal an alternative mechanism of activating Ras in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Koenig McLaughlin
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Naomi Olsen
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Dake
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elgene Lim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: , fax (617) 525-4705, phone (617) 525-4722
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Raedt TD, Beert E, Pasmant E, Bradner JE, Wolkenstein P, Legius E, Cichowski K. Abstract PR15: SUZ12: A novel tumor suppressor and potential biomarker for efficacy of BRD4 inhibition. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.cec13-pr15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with the familial cancer syndrome neurofibromatosis type I possess mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, which encodes a RasGAP. However a subset of patients carry a larger deletion that encompasses NF1 and the surrounding 13 genes. These patients develop hundreds of benign nervous system tumors, are at much higher risk for developing malignancies, and exhibit specific developmental defects. Therefore we hypothesized that a cooperating tumor suppressor must lie within this region. Notably, this entire region is frequently deleted in in a number of different cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM).
To identify a potential cooperating tumor suppressor we analyzed a large number of NF1-associated malignancies by array CGH and detected homozygous loss of SUZ12, a member of the PRC2 repressor complex. Subsequent mutation analysis showed that SUZ12 was homozygously inactivated in a large subset of MPNSTs. Importantly, reintroduction of SUZ12 in SUZ12 deficient Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath tumors (MPNST) cell lines restored the function of the PRC2 complex and induced cell death. Conversely, RNAi mediated inactivation of SUZ12 significantly enhanced the tumorigenic properties of NF1-deficient GBMs. Additionally, we found that mice carrying compound heterozygous mutations in Nf1 and Suz12 developed a variety of tumor types and had a marked decrease in overall survival.
As expected, knockdown of SUZ12 dramatically decreased the global H3K27 tri-methylation (repressive mark) and increased the global H3K27 acetylation (activation mark). This suggests that the pathogenic effect of SUZ12-loss is, at least in part, caused by an aberrant activation of genes due to an increase in H3K27 acetylation. Interestingly this H3K27 acetylation mark is read by BRD4, suggesting that inhibition of BRD4 might decrease the expression of critical targets. In vitro and in vivo studies indeed confirmed a hypersensitivity to BRD4 inhibition of cell lines and primary tumors lacking SUZ12. Additionally our preliminary data show an inverse correlation between the H3K27 tri-methylation level and the response to treatment with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1, suggesting that SUZ12 levels, and thus H3K27 tri-methylation status, could be used as a biomarker.
In conclusion, we showed that SUZ12 is a tumor suppressor in a number of different cancers, including MPNSTs and gliomas. These tumors are exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of BRD4. Loss of SUZ12 leads to complete ablation of the H3K27 tri-methylation mark, which could serve as a biomarker for treatment with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1.
This abstract is also presented as Poster B51.
Citation Format: Thomas De Raedt, Eline Beert, Eric Pasmant, James E. Bradner, Pierre Wolkenstein, Eric Legius, Karen Cichowski. SUZ12: A novel tumor suppressor and potential biomarker for efficacy of BRD4 inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PR15.
Collapse
|
21
|
De Raedt T, Walton Z, Yecies JL, Li D, Chen Y, Malone CF, Maertens O, Jeong SM, Bronson RT, Lebleu V, Kalluri R, Normant E, Haigis MC, Manning BD, Wong KK, Macleod KF, Cichowski K. Exploiting cancer cell vulnerabilities to develop a combination therapy for ras-driven tumors. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:400-13. [PMID: 21907929 PMCID: PMC3233475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ras-driven tumors are often refractory to conventional therapies. Here we identify a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for two Ras-driven cancers: Nf1-deficient malignancies and Kras/p53 mutant lung cancer. We show that agents that enhance proteotoxic stress, including the HSP90 inhibitor IPI-504, induce tumor regression in aggressive mouse models, but only when combined with rapamycin. These agents synergize by promoting irresolvable ER stress, resulting in catastrophic ER and mitochondrial damage. This process is fueled by oxidative stress, which is caused by IPI-504-dependent production of reactive oxygen species, and the rapamycin-dependent suppression of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant. Notably, the mechanism by which these agents cooperate reveals a therapeutic paradigm that can be expanded to develop additional combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zandra Walton
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jessica L. Yecies
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Danan Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yimei Chen
- The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Clare F. Malone
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ophelia Maertens
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Valerie Lebleu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Emmanuel Normant
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Marcia C. Haigis
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Brendan D. Manning
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
- Correspondence: ; fax (617) 525-4705; phone (617)-525-4722
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Beert E, Brems H, Daniëls B, De Wever I, Van Calenbergh F, Schoenaers J, Debiec-Rychter M, Gevaert O, De Raedt T, Van Den Bruel A, de Ravel T, Cichowski K, Kluwe L, Mautner V, Sciot R, Legius E. Atypical neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1 are premalignant tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:1021-32. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
23
|
Min J, Zaslavsky A, Fedele G, McLaughlin SK, Reczek EE, De Raedt T, Guney I, Strochlic DE, Laura E, Beroukhim R, Bronson RT, Ryeom S, Hahn WC, Loda M, Cichowski K. An oncogene-tumor suppressor cascade drives metastatic prostate cancer by coordinately activating Ras and nuclear factor-kappaB. Nat Med 2010; 16:286-94. [PMID: 20154697 PMCID: PMC2903662 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer-related deaths; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this process. Here we identify an oncogene-tumor suppressor cascade that promotes prostate cancer growth and metastasis by coordinately activating the small GTPase Ras and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Specifically, we show that loss of the Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) gene DAB2IP induces metastatic prostate cancer in an orthotopic mouse tumor model. Notably, DAB2IP functions as a signaling scaffold that coordinately regulates Ras and NF-kappaB through distinct domains to promote tumor growth and metastasis, respectively. DAB2IP is suppressed in human prostate cancer, where its expression inversely correlates with tumor grade and predicts prognosis. Moreover, we report that epigenetic silencing of DAB2IP is a key mechanism by which the polycomb-group protein histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 activates Ras and NF-kappaB and triggers metastasis. These studies define the mechanism by which two major pathways can be simultaneously activated in metastatic prostate cancer and establish EZH2 as a driver of metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Min
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Zaslavsky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Giuseppe Fedele
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sara K. McLaughlin
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Reczek
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isil Guney
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David E. Strochlic
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - E. Laura
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - William C. Hahn
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Massimo Loda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McGillicuddy LT, Fromm JA, Hollstein PE, Kubek S, Beroukhim R, De Raedt T, Johnson BW, Williams SM, Nghiemphu P, Liau L, Cloughesy TF, Mischel PS, Parret A, Seiler J, Moldenhauer G, Scheffzek K, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Sawyers CL, Brennan C, Messiaen L, Mellinghoff IK, Cichowski K. Proteasomal and genetic inactivation of the NF1 tumor suppressor in gliomagenesis. Cancer Cell 2009; 16:44-54. [PMID: 19573811 PMCID: PMC2897249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor result in deregulated Ras signaling and drive tumorigenesis in the familial cancer syndrome neurofibromatosis type I. However, the extent to which NF1 inactivation promotes sporadic tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we report that NF1 is inactivated in sporadic gliomas via two mechanisms: excessive proteasomal degradation and genetic loss. NF1 protein destabilization is triggered by the hyperactivation of protein kinase C (PKC) and confers sensitivity to PKC inhibitors. However, complete genetic loss, which only occurs when p53 is inactivated, mediates sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors. These studies reveal an expanding role for NF1 inactivation in sporadic gliomagenesis and illustrate how different mechanisms of inactivation are utilized in genetically distinct tumors, which consequently impacts therapeutic sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T. McGillicuddy
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jody A. Fromm
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sara Kubek
- Department of Pharmacology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bryan W. Johnson
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sybil M.G. Williams
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Phioanh Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Linda Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Tim F. Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Annabel Parret
- Structural & Computational Biology and Developmental Biology Units, European Laboratory of Molecular Biology (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Seiler
- Structural & Computational Biology and Developmental Biology Units, European Laboratory of Molecular Biology (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Moldenhauer
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffzek
- Structural & Computational Biology and Developmental Biology Units, European Laboratory of Molecular Biology (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anat O. Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Neuropathology and Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Cameron Brennan
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; and Department of Neurosurgery, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ludwine Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, Medical Genomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35242
| | - Ingo K. Mellinghoff
- Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Correspondence: ; fax (617) 525-4705; phone (617)-525-4722
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chantrain CF, Jijon P, De Raedt T, Vermylen C, Poirel HA, Legius E, Brichard B. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia in a child with Noonan syndrome and clonal duplication of the germline PTPN11 mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007; 48:101-4. [PMID: 16078230 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old girl with Noonan syndrome (NS) and constitutive PTPN11 mutation presented with stage 4 neuroblastoma and was treated by intensive chemotherapy. During the treatment, cytogenetic analysis revealed the development of a hyperdiploid clone with duplication of the germline PTPN11 mutation in a morphologically normal bone marrow. A few months later, the patient developed acute myelomonoblastic leukemia with an additional clonal deletion of 7q. Although, we cannot conclude whether there is an association between NS and neuroblastoma, this case suggests that duplication of germline PTPN11 mutations, potentially induced by chemotherapy, contributes to leukemogenesis in patients with NS.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Gene Duplication/drug effects
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Noonan Syndrome/complications
- Noonan Syndrome/genetics
- Noonan Syndrome/therapy
- Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Retinoblastoma/drug therapy
- Retinoblastoma/genetics
- Transplantation, Autologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe F Chantrain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Raedt TD, Stephens M, Heyns I, Brems H, Thijs D, Messiaen L, Stephens K, Lazaro C, Wimmer K, Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Vidaud D, Kluwe L, Marynen P, Legius E. Conservation of hotspots for recombination in low-copy repeats associated with the NF1 microdeletion. Nat Genet 2006; 38:1419-23. [PMID: 17115058 DOI: 10.1038/ng1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several large-scale studies of human genetic variation have provided insights into processes such as recombination that have shaped human diversity. However, regions such as low-copy repeats (LCRs) have proven difficult to characterize, hindering efforts to understand the processes operating in these regions. We present a detailed study of genetic variation and underlying recombination processes in two copies of an LCR (NF1REPa and NF1REPc) on chromosome 17 involved in the generation of NF1 microdeletions and in a third copy (REP19) on chromosome 19 from which the others originated over 6.7 million years ago. We find evidence for shared hotspots of recombination among the LCRs. REP19 seems to contain hotspots in the same place as the nonallelic recombination hotspots in NF1REPa and NF1REPc. This apparent conservation of patterns of recombination hotspots in moderately diverged paralogous regions contrasts with recent evidence that these patterns are not conserved in less-diverged orthologous regions of chimpanzees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Raedt
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maertens O, Brems H, Vandesompele J, De Raedt T, Heyns I, Rosenbaum T, De Schepper S, De Paepe A, Mortier G, Janssens S, Speleman F, Legius E, Messiaen L. Comprehensive NF1 screening on cultured Schwann cells from neurofibromas. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:1030-40. [PMID: 16941471 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is mainly characterized by the occurrence of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors or neurofibromas. Thorough investigation of the somatic mutation spectrum has thus far been hampered by the large size of the NF1 gene and the considerable proportion of NF1 heterozygous cells within the tumors. We developed an improved somatic mutation detection strategy on cultured Schwann cells derived from neurofibromas and investigated 38 tumors from nine NF1 patients. Twenty-nine somatic NF1 lesions were detected which represents the highest NF1 somatic mutation detection rate described so far (76%). Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that the acquired second hit underlies reduced NF1 expression in Schwann cell cultures. Together, these data clearly illustrate that two inactivating NF1 mutations, in a subpopulation of the Schwann cells, are required for neurofibroma formation in NF1 tumorigenesis. The observed somatic mutation spectrum shows that intragenic NF1 mutations (26/29) are most prevalent, particularly frameshift mutations (12/29, 41%). We hypothesize that this mutation signature might reflect slightly reduced DNA repair efficiency as a trigger for NF1 somatic inactivation preceding tumorigenesis. Joint analysis of the current and previously published NF1 mutation data revealed a significant difference in the somatic mutation spectrum in patients with a NF1 microdeletion vs. non-microdeletion patients with respect to the prevalence of loss of heterozygosity events (0/15 vs. 41/81). Differences in somatic inactivation mechanism might therefore exist between NF1 microdeletion patients and the general NF1 population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélia Maertens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Raedt T, Maertens O, Chmara M, Brems H, Heyns I, Sciot R, Majounie E, Upadhyaya M, De Schepper S, Speleman F, Messiaen L, Vermeesch JR, Legius E. Somatic loss of wild typeNF1 allele in neurofibromas: Comparison ofNF1 microdeletion and non-microdeletion patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:893-904. [PMID: 16830335 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is an autosomal dominant familial tumor syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple benign neurofibromas. In 95% of NF1 individuals, a mutation is found in the NF1 gene, and in 5% of the patients, the germline mutation consists of a microdeletion that includes the NF1 gene and several flanking genes. We studied the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the NF1 region as a mechanism of somatic NF1 inactivation in neurofibromas from NF1 patients with and without a microdeletion. There was a statistically significant difference between these two patient groups in the proportion of neurofibromas with LOH. None of the 40 neurofibromas from six different NF1 microdeletion patients showed LOH, whereas LOH was observed in 6/28 neurofibromas from five patients with an intragenic NF1 mutation (P = 0.0034, Fisher's exact). LOH of the NF1 microdeletion region in NF1 microdeletion patients would de facto lead to a nullizygous state of the genes located in the deletion region and might be lethal. The mechanisms leading to LOH were further analyzed in six neurofibromas. In two out of six neurofibromas, a chromosomal microdeletion was found; in three, a mitotic recombination was responsible for the observed LOH; and in one, a chromosome loss with reduplication was present. These data show an important difference in the mechanisms of second hit formation in the 2 NF1 patient groups. We conclude that NF1 is a familial tumor syndrome in which the type of germline mutation influences the type of second hit in the tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Raedt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
De Raedt T, Brems H, Lopez-Correa C, Vermeesch JR, Marynen P, Legius E. Genomic organization and evolution of the NF1 microdeletion region☆. Genomics 2004; 84:346-60. [PMID: 15233998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Five to 10% of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) individuals have a microdeletion (1.5 Mb) encompassing the entire NF1 region and neighboring genes. Microdeletion patients have a distinct phenotype with a more severe tumor burden. Most of the microdeletion breakpoints cluster in flanking paralogous regions (NF1REPs). We describe the complete genomic region covering the NF1 microdeletion and an extensive analysis of the genomic and transcriptional organization of the NF1REPs. The flanking NF1REPs have a total length of about 75 kb and are composed of several fragments. One of these fragments originated from chromosome 19 and contains a hot spot for microdeletion breakpoints. The analysis of the genomic organization of the NF1 microdeletion region and of the NF1REPs in particular is important for understanding the mechanism by which NF1 microdeletions are formed. This analysis will also help to identify loci potentially involved in the pathogenesis of the increased tumor load and malignancy risk observed in NF1 microdeletion patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Raedt
- Center of Human Genetics, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|