1
|
Hill FI, Tse MPY, Ferguson AD, Mills SW, Sandy JR, Ganta CK, Cino-Ozuna AG, Elsohaby I. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in biopsy samples from pet rabbits in Hong Kong: a retrospective analysis, 2019-2022. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241261066. [PMID: 39041340 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241261066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabbits are popular pets in the urban environment of Hong Kong, ranking third behind cats and dogs. Here we describe the frequency of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in biopsies from pet rabbits submitted to the CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between 2019 and 2022, comprising 247 tissue samples from 243 rabbits collected by veterinarians in 19 veterinary clinics. Among the 243 rabbits, there were 128 females (65 spayed), 114 males (54 castrated); sex information was not provided for 1 rabbit. The rabbit breeds included 45 Lionhead, 35 Dwarf, 14 Lop, 11 Dwarf Lop, 5 French Lop, 3 Angora, 2 Dutch, 2 Holland Lop, and 1 each of Netherland Dwarf, Velveteen, Mini Lop, and New Zealand White. The mean ages of rabbits with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions were 7.1 and 5.7 y, respectively. The most common neoplastic lesions were adenocarcinoma (26.4%), trichoblastoma (21.4%), sarcoma (9.4%), and thymoma (8.2%). The most common non-neoplastic lesion was uterine cystic endometrial hyperplasia (14.8%), followed by dermal abscess formation in the ventral abdomen or skin of the head (12.5%). Although a broad spectrum of other lesions was described, our findings in biopsies from pet rabbits in Hong Kong are consistent with those in other jurisdictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser I Hill
- CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - May P Y Tse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew D Ferguson
- CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steve W Mills
- CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jeanine R Sandy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charan K Ganta
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ada G Cino-Ozuna
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, and Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weyna AAW, Andreasen VA, Burrell CE, Kunkel MR, Radisic R, Goodwin CC, Fenton H, Dugovich BS, Poulson RL, Ruder MG, Yabsley MJ, Sanchez S, Nemeth NM. Causes of morbidity and mortality in wild cottontail rabbits in the eastern United States, 2013-2022. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241259000. [PMID: 38853709 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241259000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest in causes of mortality of free-ranging, native North American lagomorphs has grown with the emergence of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2). Over the years 2013-2022, the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study received 119 Sylvilagus spp. case submissions from the central and eastern United States, comprising 147 rabbits. Most (86%) of these submissions occurred after detecting RHDV2 in the United States in 2020. Laboratory data from these rabbits were retrospectively evaluated for major causes, contributors to mortality, and pathogen detections. Gross and histologic examination was performed for 112 rabbits. Common primary causes of death included trauma (n = 49), bacterial disease (n = 31), emaciation (n = 6), and parasitism (n = 6). Among the 32 rabbits with bacterial disease, 12 were diagnosed with tularemia and 7 with pasteurellosis. Rabbits with pasteurellosis had disseminated abscessation, septicemia, and/or polyserositis. Less commonly, cutaneous fibroma (n = 2), notoedric mange (n = 2), encephalitozoonosis (n = 2), neoplasia (round-cell sarcoma; n = 1), and congenital abnormalities (n = 1) were diagnosed. RHDV2 was not detected in 123 rabbits tested. Although RHDV2 has not been detected in wild lagomorphs in the eastern United States, detections in domestic rabbits from the region emphasize the need for continued surveillance. Furthermore, continued surveillance for Francisella tularensis informs public health risk. Overall, increased knowledge of Sylvilagus spp. health furthers our understanding of diseases affecting these important prey and game species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisia A W Weyna
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Victoria A Andreasen
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin E Burrell
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Melanie R Kunkel
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Radisic
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chloe C Goodwin
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Heather Fenton
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian S Dugovich
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rätsep E, Ludwig L, Dobromylskyj M. Orofacial masses in domestic rabbits: a retrospective review of 120 cases from 2 institutions, 2000-2023. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241234326. [PMID: 38389410 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241234326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Orofacial masses or swellings are a common presenting complaint in lagomorphs. Similar gross appearances of the masses can complicate clinical interpretation, and histologic review often provides the final diagnosis. Underlying causes vary from infectious to neoplastic. Although inflammatory changes are most commonly reported, various neoplasms occur, although the prevalence of specific tumor types is relatively unknown. We reviewed retrospectively 120 cases (87.5% biopsy, 12.5% autopsy) of neoplastic and non-neoplastic orofacial masses received from January 2000-February 2023 at 2 institutions: University of Guelph, Canada (Animal Health Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology), and Finn Pathologists, United Kingdom. All final diagnoses were achieved through histologic assessment. We included masses or mass-like swellings from the oral cavity, including the mandible and maxilla, and surrounding skin and soft tissues of the oral cavity and jaw. Submissions included pet and commercial (meat and fur) rabbits. Neoplastic lesions were most common (60%), including trichoblastomas, papillomas, melanocytic neoplasms, sarcomas, round-cell tumors, carcinomas (including squamous cell carcinoma), lipomas, odontogenic neoplasms, polyps, osteoma, neuroma, peripheral keratinizing ameloblastoma, and apocrine adenoma. Inflammatory diagnoses (30%) included abscesses, osteomyelitis, dermatitis, and sialadenitis. Other diagnoses (7%) included cysts, as well as hyperplastic skin and proliferative bone lesions. Three cases had no definitive diagnosis. The importance of histologic assessment in diagnosing orofacial "masses" in rabbits is highlighted, given that the most common diagnostic category overall was neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rätsep
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, Ontario, Canada
| | - Latasha Ludwig
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Murakami M, Yonemaru K, Hirata A, Sakai H. Uterine haemangiosarcoma in a Netherland Dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Netherland dwarf). Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1311. [PMID: 37990488 PMCID: PMC10766052 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old intact Netherlands Dwarf rabbit with bloody discharge from the vulva underwent ovariohysterectomy. Grossly, both sides of the uterus were enlarged. Histologically, the tumour had formed protruded from the myometrial wall toward the serosa and was composed of irregular small capillaries with irregularly shaped structures and bundled proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. No tumour cells infiltrated the endometrium. The tumour cells were positive for CD31, and histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma. Vascular tumours in the uterus of animals are uncommon, and only one case has been reported in the uterus of rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical OncologyFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Kayoko Yonemaru
- Laboratory of Veterinary PathologyFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary PathologyFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT)Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary PathologyFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT)Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
PORNSUKAROM S, SUDJAIDEE P, RATIPUNYAPORNKUM N, TUNGJITPEANPONG T, CHETTANAWANIT A, AMORNTEPARAK C, SANANMUANG T. Analysis of occurrence and risk factors associated with pet rabbits' tumors in Central Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1341-1347. [PMID: 37926514 PMCID: PMC10788174 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit oncology is gaining more attention as more pet rabbits are surviving beyond their normal lifespans. Due to the limited epidemiological information on pet rabbits' tumors in Thailand, this study aimed to report the prevalence and the potential risk factors associated with tumors in pet rabbits in Thailand. From 2018 to 2022, 93 tissue biopsies from tumor-suspected lesions on pet rabbits were gathered from animal hospitals in Bangkok and Chonburi provinces, Thailand. According to histopathology confirmation, tumors and tumor-like lesions were diagnosed. In this study, the overall tumors were 67.74% (n=63) out of the submitted cases (n=93). The most commonly affected organ systems were reproduction (65.08%) and integumentary (22.22%). Rabbits older than 5 years were 3.85 times more likely to have reproductive tumors than younger rabbits (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-10.27, P≤0.01), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was uterine adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, male rabbits had a 17.02 times higher probability of developing cutaneous tumors than female rabbits (95% CI: 4.19-69.11, P≤0.001), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was soft tissue sarcoma. The results of this study thus suggested that the age and sex of the rabbits were potential risk factors for tumor development in Thailand. The knowledge gained from our study also provided the recommendation for owners to monitor their rabbits' health annually, particularly after late middle age, and rendered guidance for tumor detection in practical clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchawan PORNSUKAROM
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Pansawut SUDJAIDEE
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Thanida SANANMUANG
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonzales-Viera OA, Clifford DL, Manning S, Rudd JL. Cutaneous Histiocytic Sarcoma with Giant Cells in a Free-ranging Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani). J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:807-810. [PMID: 37490418 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A cutaneous mass in a free-ranging brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani) was composed of neoplastic spindle to polygonal cells with multinucleated giant cells, which were positive for CD204 and negative for smooth muscle actin and desmin. Histiocytic sarcoma with giant cells was diagnosed; this neoplasm has not been reported previously in free-ranging lagomorphs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Gonzales-Viera
- California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS), Davis Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 620 W Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Deana L Clifford
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Road, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, USA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Susan Manning
- Tri County Wildlife Care, PO Box 367, Jackson, California 95642, USA
| | - Jaime L Rudd
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Road, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abbate JM, Palazzolo S, Ieni A, Rapisarda GS, Lanteri G. Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma with Testicular Metastases in a Wild Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Sci 2023; 10:471. [PMID: 37505875 PMCID: PMC10384966 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic skin tumours have been rarely described in pet rabbits, and exposure to UV light in sparsely haired areas has been hypothesised to play a cancerogenic role. Here, we describe a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma arising from the skin of the scrotum in an 8-year-old male wild rabbit, with testicular metastases as an unusual metastatic site for melanoma reported in humans to date. The tumour was nearly 5 cm in size, firm, and highly pigmented, with multifocal superficial ulcerations and large areas of intratumoural necrosis. The adjacent testis was 1.5 cm, multinodular, and black, obscuring tissue morphology. Histologically, the dermis was expanded by an infiltrative, densely cellular neoplasm composed of nests and sheets of polygonal to spindle neoplastic melanocytes, supported by scant fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells showed intermediate N/C ratio, moderate basophilic cytoplasm, often obscured by abundant brownish granular pigment, and eccentric nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Cellular pleomorphism and nuclear atypia were severe, and high mitotic activity was observed. Diffuse dermal lymphovascular invasion was also observed. The testis was delimited by a thin tunica albuginea, and the parenchyma was largely obscured in its morphology by densely packed neoplastic cells. Seminiferous tubules, lined with a thin basement membrane and containing neoplastic and scattered spermatogenic cells, were occasionally observed. Neoplastic cells within the skin and the testis were positive for HMB-45, Melan-A, and S-100. The growing popularity of rabbits as pets allows for a greater ability to accumulate data on the spontaneous occurrence of tumours in these animals. Furthermore, descriptions of the biological aspects of spontaneously occurring tumours may serve to improve current knowledge in animal species and humans in which the same neoplasm may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maria Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Palazzolo
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santi Rapisarda
- Department of Veterinary Prevention, Provincial Health Authority of Catania, 95030 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monge E, Garapin B, Lucas MN, Gaide N, Le Loc'h G, Donnelly TM, Delverdier M. Concurrent Mycobacterium genavense infection and intestinal B-cell lymphoma in a pet rabbit (Oryctolaguscuniculus). J Comp Pathol 2023; 204:1-6. [PMID: 37269779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old male intact pet rabbit was evaluated for chronic weight loss. A large mass was detected by palpation in the mid-abdomen and ultrasound examination suggested a jejunal location. Explorative laparotomy revealed a nodular mass within the jejunal wall. Histological examination of a biopsy revealed mycobacterial granulomatous enteritis with an atypical lymphoblastic proliferation suggestive of lymphoma. Neoplastic lymphocytes were immunopositive for Pax-5 but negative for CD3, which is diagnostic of a B-cell neoplasm. Numerous acid-fast bacteria were seen within histiocytes and identified by polymerase chain reaction as Mycobacterium genavense, which is a non-tuberculous and opportunistic mycobacterium with zoonotic potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a concurrent B-cell lymphoma and M. genavense infection in a rabbit. Concomitant mycobacteriosis and lymphoma have been rarely described in animals and the coexistence of neoplasia and mycobacterial infection within the jejunum suggests a potential pathogenetic association. Interestingly, the rabbit owner worked in an anti-tuberculosis clinic, and an anthropic origin of the mycobacterial infection could not be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Monge
- Zoological Medicine Department, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France.
| | - Bénédicte Garapin
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lucas
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest, All. des Vitarelles, Toulouse, 31100, France
| | - Nicolas Gaide
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
| | - Guillaume Le Loc'h
- Zoological Medicine Department, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
| | - Thomas M Donnelly
- Exotic Animal Service, CHUVA, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Av. du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- Zoological Medicine Department, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Murphy BG, Swan E, Affolter VK, Ayala S, Jennings S, Cartoceti A, LaDouceur EEB. Odontogenic-like neoplasms of the rabbit cheek: pathological features and comparison to cutaneous trichoblastoma and jaw-associated ameloblastoma. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:178-184. [PMID: 36683413 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221148512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Odontogenic neoplasms demonstrate unique histopathological features and are thought to arise from the germinal tissues of the developing tooth germ, effectively restricting their anatomic origin to the tooth-bearing regions of the jaw and directly associated soft tissues of the oral cavity. Ectopic odontogenic-like neoplasms located in the skin of cats, rabbits, and human beings challenge these assumptions. Here we describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features of 6 spontaneously occurring odontogenic-like neoplasms arising in the cutaneous tissue of the cheek in client-owned pet rabbits, including ameloblastoma-like (n = 3), ameloblastic fibroma-like (n = 2), and ameloblastic carcinoma-like neoplasms (n = 1). Microscopically, all the cheek tumors featured neoplastic epithelium exhibiting odontogenic architectural structures (plexiform ribbons, anastomosing trabeculae, follicles, cysts, and irregular structures with rounded botryoid protuberances) and 1 or more cardinal odontogenic epithelial features (basal palisading, antibasilar nuclei, and central stellate reticulum-like cells). The pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 14, and vimentin immunohistochemical patterns of these odontogenic-like lesions were most similar to those of jaw-associated ameloblastoma and differed from those of cutaneous trichoblastoma. All neoplasms were narrowly excised, and for lesions with clinical follow-up information, none had evidence of recurrence 1-7 months after surgical removal. Although evidence suggests that these odontogenic-like tumors of the rabbit cheek may be derived from ectopic rests of transformed tooth germ, the histogenesis of these lesions remains unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Swan
- The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Sergio Ayala
- UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, CA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hetterich J, Joos D, Beyerbach M, Cigler P, Hackenbroich C, Hatt JM, Müller K, Thöle M, Fehr M, Reuschel M. Treatment options, complications and long-term outcomes for limb fractures in pet rabbits. Vet Rec 2023; 192:e2344. [PMID: 36349546 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb fractures represent the most common orthopaedic disease in pet rabbits. However, only a few studies have evaluated therapeutic details of limb fractures. There are no data available for long-term outcomes of limb fracture treatment. METHODS The medical records of six institutions were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of traumatic limb bone fractures in pet rabbits between 1999 and 2020. The medical records (n = 387) were analysed for details of fracture prevalence, aetiology, therapy protocols, treatment complications, outcome and long-term effects. In addition to the retrospective data evaluation, 13 rabbits were re-evaluated in person in recent clinical analyses, including orthopaedic examination, radiography and computed-tomographic imaging. Details of long-term effects of fracture treatment were requested over the telephone for a further 232 animals using a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS Long bone fractures accounted for the majority of all fractures (296/387; 76.5%). Hindlimb fractures (301/387; 77.7%) were more common than forelimb fractures (86/387; 22.2%), and tibial fractures and combined fractures of the tibia and fibula (119/387; 30.8%) were observed most frequently. Most fracture treatments were based on osteosynthesis procedures (243/328; 74.1%). Treatment complications occurred in 130 out of 328 (39.6%) cases. A high bodyweight (p = 0.047) and an older age (p = 0.01) were found to be significant risk factors for the emergence of therapy complications. Overall, 75.4% of animals (175/232) had a satisfactory long-term outcome. Limb posture anomalies were evaluated in 61 cases (26.3%). LIMITATIONS The multi-centre approach led to the inclusion of various institutions, veterinarians, treatment protocols and rabbit populations that might have influenced the results. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively, so there were some data that were lacking or could not be collected in a standardised manner. Furthermore, rabbit owners' evaluation of long-term outcomes might be prone to error, despite the use of a standardised interview questionnaire. CONCLUSION Limb fractures are a common orthopaedic issue in pet rabbits. The patient's bodyweight and age are significant risk factors for the emergence of complications during the fracture treatment process. Long-term orthopaedic effects, such as abnormal limb posture and permanent lameness of the affected limb, were observed regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hetterich
- Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Martin Beyerbach
- Institute of Biometry and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia Cigler
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milena Thöle
- Veterinary Clinic Posthausen, Posthausen, Germany
| | - Michael Fehr
- Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reuschel
- Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shiga T, Nakata M, Miwa Y, Kikuta F, Sasaki N, Morino T, Nakayama H. Age at death and cause of death of pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) seen at an exotic animal clinic in Tokyo, Japan: a retrospective study of 898 cases (2006–2020). J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
Magnotti J, Bland D, Garner MM, Frum AS, Phinney J, Plattner BL, LaDouceur EEB. Primary Intestinal Lymphoma in Rabbits. J Comp Pathol 2022; 195:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumours of Small Pet Mammals—Retrospective Study of 256 Cases (2014–2021). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080965. [PMID: 35454212 PMCID: PMC9028556 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several species of small mammals are very popular as companion pet animals and therefore demand professional veterinary care, including proper diagnostic and treatment procedures. The incidence of neoplastic diseases in companion pet animals has increased over time, as it has in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of cutaneous tumours in small mammal pets, including guinea pigs, rats, pet rabbits, ferrets, hamsters, degus, African pygmy hedgehogs, Mongolian gerbils and chinchillas, submitted for histopathology in 2014–2021. Malignant tumours represented the predominant group of cutaneous tumours in rats, African pygmy hedgehogs, degus and chinchillas, and represented a significant percentage of lesions in guinea pigs, pet rabbits, ferrets, hamsters and Mongolian gerbils. We also described the first case of melanocytoma in a pet rabbit, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in a degu, cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma in a Mongolian gerbil, fibrosarcoma in two chinchillas and epithelioid haemangioma in a chinchilla. The incidence of malignant neoplasms among spontaneous integumentary tumours submitted for histopathology is high in many species of small mammal pets. Therefore, each cutaneous tumour should be sampled for further diagnosis and treatment. Abstract Since small mammals are gaining popularity as pets in Poland, the number of tumour samples submitted for histopathological examination is quite high. This study was a retrospective analysis of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumours in small pet mammals submitted for histopathology in 2014–2021. The analysis included 256 tumours sampled from 103 guinea pigs, 53 rats, 43 pet rabbits, 21 ferrets, 17 hamsters, 8 degus, 5 African pygmy hedgehogs, 3 Mongolian gerbils and 3 chinchillas. Tumours were diagnosed based on routine histopathology, with additional immunohistochemistry when necessary. The results of this study revealed that the vast majority of cutaneous tumours in guinea pigs were benign, with a predominance of lipoma. Adnexal tumours constituted a significant percentage of cutaneous tumours in guinea pigs (24.3%, with the most common being trichofolliculoma), pet rabbits (46.5%, with the most common being trichoblastoma), ferrets (33.3%, mostly derived from sebaceous glands), hamsters (52.9%, with the most common being trichoepithelioma) and gerbils (66.7%, scent gland epithelioma). Soft tissue sarcomas were a predominant group of tumours in rats (52.8%, with the most common being fibrosarcoma), African pygmy hedgehogs (100%), degus (87.5%) and chinchillas (66.7%). Melanocytic tumours were only sporadically seen in small mammal pets. Mast cell tumours were diagnosed only in ferrets, while epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed only in a hamster and a degu. In summary, malignant tumours constitute a significant percentage of cutaneous tumours in many species of small mammal pets. Therefore, each cutaneous tumour should be sampled for further cytologic or histopathologic diagnosis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Robson HR, Yanez RA, Magestro LM, French SJ, Kiupel M. Type A thymoma in a pet rabbit. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:327-330. [PMID: 35098805 PMCID: PMC8921795 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221077086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A 4-y-old, spayed female, mixed-breed domesticated rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) was presented because of progressive bilateral exophthalmos, with a large mediastinal mass in the cranial thorax. Palliative radiation therapy was elected, and 4 fractions of 5 Gy were delivered twice weekly under general anesthesia using 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for a total dose of 20 Gy, guided by an on-board cone beam CT scan. Quality-of-life and respiratory rate improved before sudden death that followed an episode of dyspnea. The overall survival time following initial diagnosis was 93 d, with 68 d after the first dose of radiation. An autopsy was performed, and the mass was diagnosed as a type A thymoma. The diagnosis was confirmed with positive immunohistochemical labeling of the neoplastic cells for cytokeratin 5/6 and cytokeratin 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halley R. Robson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ryan A. Yanez
- Ryan A. Yanez, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Rd, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
| | - Leanne M. Magestro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie J. French
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mäkitaipale J, Airas N, Engblom S, Lindén J. Prospective survey of neoplastic and non-neoplastic uterine disorders in 116 domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Bertram CA, Aubreville M, Donovan TA, Bartel A, Wilm F, Marzahl C, Assenmacher CA, Becker K, Bennett M, Corner S, Cossic B, Denk D, Dettwiler M, Gonzalez BG, Gurtner C, Haverkamp AK, Heier A, Lehmbecker A, Merz S, Noland EL, Plog S, Schmidt A, Sebastian F, Sledge DG, Smedley RC, Tecilla M, Thaiwong T, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Meuten DJ, Breininger K, Kiupel M, Maier A, Klopfleisch R. Computer-assisted mitotic count using a deep learning–based algorithm improves interobserver reproducibility and accuracy. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:211-226. [PMID: 34965805 PMCID: PMC8928234 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211067478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic count (MC) is an important histological parameter for prognostication of malignant neoplasms. However, it has inter- and intraobserver discrepancies due to difficulties in selecting the region of interest (MC-ROI) and in identifying or classifying mitotic figures (MFs). Recent progress in the field of artificial intelligence has allowed the development of high-performance algorithms that may improve standardization of the MC. As algorithmic predictions are not flawless, computer-assisted review by pathologists may ensure reliability. In the present study, we compared partial (MC-ROI preselection) and full (additional visualization of MF candidates and display of algorithmic confidence values) computer-assisted MC analysis to the routine (unaided) MC analysis by 23 pathologists for whole-slide images of 50 canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs). Algorithmic predictions aimed to assist pathologists in detecting mitotic hotspot locations, reducing omission of MFs, and improving classification against imposters. The interobserver consistency for the MC significantly increased with computer assistance (interobserver correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.92) compared to the unaided approach (ICC = 0.70). Classification into prognostic stratifications had a higher accuracy with computer assistance. The algorithmically preselected hotspot MC-ROIs had a consistently higher MCs than the manually selected MC-ROIs. Compared to a ground truth (developed with immunohistochemistry for phosphohistone H3), pathologist performance in detecting individual MF was augmented when using computer assistance (F1-score of 0.68 increased to 0.79) with a reduction in false negatives by 38%. The results of this study demonstrate that computer assistance may lead to more reproducible and accurate MCs in ccMCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof A. Bertram
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frauke Wilm
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Marzahl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Merz
- IDEXX Vet Med Labor GmbH, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Tecilla
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Maier
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feyer S, Bertram CA, Klopfleisch R, Müller K. Spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in two pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Shiga T, Nakata M, Miwa Y, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Sasaki N, Morino T, Nakayama H. A retrospective study (2006-2020) of cytology and biopsy findings in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) and four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) seen at an exotic animal clinic in Tokyo, Japan. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
Respiratory disorders are very common in rabbits. Rabbits are obligate nasal breathers, so "simple" rhinitis can cause severe respiratory distress and patient collapse. Causes of dyspnea could be of primary origin or secondary, whereby diseases primarily affecting other organs can result in respiratory embarrassment even if the respiratory system is healthy (eg, anemia, cardiac disease). Diagnosis is based on radiography, ultrasonography, endoscopy, computed tomography, and/or pathogen isolation. Once the diagnosis has been completed, treatment options should be discussed with the owner. The article describes the anatomy of the respiratory tract, diagnostics, and therapy for selected respiratory disorders in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Jekl
- Jekl & Hauptman Veterinary Clinic, Focused on Exotic Companion Mammal Care, Mojmirovo namesti 3105/6a, Brno 61200, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|