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Lappé M, Hein RJ. The Temporal Politics of Placenta Epigenetics: Bodies, Environments and Time. BODY & SOCIETY 2023; 29:49-76. [PMID: 37621557 PMCID: PMC10449375 DOI: 10.1177/1357034x211068883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This article builds on feminist scholarship on new biologies and the body to describe the temporal politics of epigenetic research related to the human placenta. Drawing on interviews with scientists and observations at conferences and in laboratories, we argue that epigenetic research simultaneously positions placenta tissue as a way back into maternal and fetal bodies following birth, as a lens onto children's future well-being, and as a bankable resource for ongoing research. Our findings reflect how developmental models of health have helped recast the placenta as an agential organ that is uniquely responsive to environments during pregnancy and capable of embodying biological evidence about the effects of in utero experiences after birth. We develop the concept of 'recursive embodiment' to describe how placenta epigenetics is reimagining relationships between bodies and environments across developmental, epigenetic, and generational time, and the impacts this has for experiences of pregnancy and responsibilities related to children's health.
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Baedke J, Buklijas T. Where organisms meet the environment: Introduction to the special issue 'What counts as environment in biology and medicine: Historical, philosophical and sociological perspectives'. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2023; 99:A4-A9. [PMID: 36192217 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Baedke
- Department of Philosophy I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Buklijas
- Global Studies and Koi Tū: The Centre for Informed Futures, The University of Auckland/Waipapa Taumata Rau, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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He X, Xie J, Zhang J, Wang X, Jia X, Yin H, Qiu Z, Yang Z, Chen J, Ji Z, Yu W, Chen M, Xu W, Gao H. Acid-Responsive Dual-Targeted Nanoparticles Encapsulated Aspirin Rescue the Immune Activation and Phenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104286. [PMID: 35285177 PMCID: PMC9108608 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most difficult challenges in neurodevelopmental diseases, because of the unclear pathogenesis research and low brain-lesion targeting efficiency. Besides, maternal immune activation has been reported as the most mature and widely used model of ASD and aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator being involved in the resolution of neuroinflammation in ASD. Therefore, an aspirin encapsulated cascade drug delivery system (Asp@TMNPs) is established, which can successively target the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and microglial cells and response to the acid microenvironment in lysosome. As a result, the mitochondrial oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation of microglial cells are prominently alleviated. After the treatment of Asp@TMNPs, the social interaction, stereotype behavior, and anxious condition of ASD mice are notably improved and the activation of microglial cells is inhibited. Overall, this system successively penetrates the BBB and targets microglial cells, therefore, it significantly enhances the intracephalic drug accumulation and improves anti-neuroinflammatory efficacy of aspirin, providing a promising strategy for ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xufeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Heng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Zhongqing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Zhihang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Zhiliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Wenqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau999078China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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Lamoreaux J. "Passing Down Pollution": (Inter)generational Toxicology and (Epi)genetic Environmental Health. Med Anthropol Q 2022; 35:529-546. [PMID: 35066932 DOI: 10.1111/maq.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Concern about the harmful health effects of industrial pollution is increasingly taking on an intergenerational dimension. In environmental health sciences such as toxicology, this has resulted in emphasizing the influence of toxic chemicals, substances, and situations across generations. Toxic relationalities are now being explored through research on gene-environment interaction, including toxicogenomics and epigenetic research through animal experiments and birth cohort studies. Based on fieldwork conducted among reproductive and developmental toxicologists working in Nanjing, China, this article shows how toxicological research both expresses and produces renewed anxieties about "passing down pollution." These toxicological accounts of intergenerational harm problematically work through overly simplistic renderings of reproduction and biological relatedness. But they also have the potential to catalyze creative understandings of toxic relationalities and responsibilities at a moment when making kin is increasingly seen as key to securing livable futures. [toxicology, environment, epigenetics, kinship, China].
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Whooley O, Barker KK. Uncertain and under Quarantine: Toward a Sociology of Medical Ignorance. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 62:271-285. [PMID: 34528484 DOI: 10.1177/00221465211009202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At the center of the COVID-19 pandemic lies a ubiquitous feature of medicine. Medicine is permeated with ignorance. Seizing this moment to assess the current state of medical sociology, this article articulates a sociology of medical ignorance. We join insights from earlier medical sociological scholarship on uncertainty with emerging research in the sociology of ignorance to help make sense of the omnipresent but sometimes invisible dynamics related to the unknowns in medicine. Then we examine two streams of inquiry with a focus on uncertainty and ignorance-(1) research on the interconnections between technology, medical authority, and ignorance and (2) research on lay expertise within the context of ever-present uncertainties. For decades, and to good effect, medical sociologists have asked, "What does medicine know, and what are the consequences of such knowing?" Going forward, we encourage medical sociologists to examine the unknown in medicine and the consequences of not knowing.
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Tan CD. Defending 'snake oil': The preservation of contentious knowledge and practices. SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 2021; 51:538-563. [PMID: 33618580 DOI: 10.1177/0306312721992543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
How does belief in controversial ideas persist? I study a community of parents and practitioners who contend that autism spectrum disorder is caused by harmful environmental exposures - notably, early childhood vaccinations - and that there are worthwhile alternative or experimental treatments. Despite objections from dominant experts, these actors maintain their disputed ideas. This study identifies a set of strategies that help maintain internal legitimacy. In particular, actors protect internal legitimacy through professional alignment and contrastive boundary work. Professional alignment mobilizes resemblances to conventional counterparts (i.e. mainstream doctors) to defend unorthodox practices. Meanwhile, contrastive boundary-work performances convey the defining values and strengths that actors associate with their knowledge community and concomitantly, the weaknesses they ascribe to competing groups. Through these activities, actors respond to perceived threats and construct a distinct group identity anchored in shared knowledge, ways of knowing and practice.
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Robinson JH. What the pregnancy test is testing. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2020; 71:460-473. [PMID: 32323866 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Is the test result positive or negative? Tests that occur in labs and doctors' offices pose specific questions to try to obtain specific information. But what happens in the social world when these tests never see the inside of a lab or doctor's office, and instead they are used in a house, in a Walmart bathroom, or in a dormitory bathroom stall? Putting the diagnosis aside, what does the presence of these tests do to social life? This paper examines one such test, the home pregnancy test, and specifically, its use in contemporary intimate life of people who do not want to be pregnant. Pregnancy tests test for pregnancy. But what else is the pregnancy test putting to the test? To investigate this, I spent 8 years studying American pregnancy tests using a qualitative mixed methods approach. This paper draws on some of my research materials, specifically, 85 life history interviews. Each participant was asked to recall, in full, all of their experiences with home pregnancy tests throughout their lives, resulting in well over 300 narratives of home pregnancy test usage which I qualitatively analyzed. I find that more than just a test for a pregnancy, the use of the home pregnancy test is a test of roles, relationships, and responsibilities in social life. These findings suggest implications for social life as more biomedical tests move out of the purview of the medical establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan H Robinson
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, The City College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Herrick C. The optics of noncommunicable diseases: from lifestyle to environmental toxicity. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:1041-1059. [PMID: 32162326 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, the noncommunicable disease (NCD) category was composed of four chronic diseases (cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease) and four shared, 'modifiable' behavioural risk factors (smoking, diet, physical activity and alcohol). In late 2018, the NCD category was expanded to include mental health as an additional disease outcome and air pollution as an explicit environmental risk factor. The newly-expanded NCD category connects behavioural and environmental readings of risk and shifts attention from individual acts of consumption to unequal and inescapable conditions of environmental exposure. It thus renders the increasing 'toxicity' of everyday life amid ubiquitous environmental contamination a new conceptual and empirical concern for NCD research. It also, as this paper explores, signals a new 'optics' of a much-maligned disease category. This is particularly significant as chronic disease research has long been siloed between public and environmental health, with each discipline operationalising the notion of the 'environment' as a source of disease causation in contrasting ways. Given this, this paper is positioned as a significant contribution to both research on NCDs and environmental risk, bringing these interdisciplinary domains into a new critical conversation around the concept of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Herrick
- Department of Geography, Kings College London, London, UK
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A task that remains before us: Reconsidering inheritance as a biosocial phenomenon. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 97:189-194. [PMID: 31301355 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
What doesit mean to inherit? Debates about the meaning of inheritance are numerous in the history and the present of the biological and the social sciences. While the majority of contributions in this special issue discuss hitherto unthought of molecular mechanisms of biological inheritance, this review explores the contested territory of inheritance from a social science perspective. Specifically, it examines contemporary biological research on epigenetic forms of inheritance in its historical and social contexts. To that end, the review explores what biology itself has been inheriting when it comes to how it considers inheritance conceptually and experimentally. I delineate three particularly important strands of inheritance: inheriting a history of eugenics; inheriting determinist reasoning; and inheriting experimental reductionism. I approach the social and scientific meaning of these inheritances by following scholars such as Donna Haraway and Jacques Derrida, who frame inheritance not as a passive occurrence but as an active process, as a task that must be undertaken by those who inherit. Such a framing raises the question of what it might mean to inherit something responsibly - particularly when what needs to be inherited is not an object but a difficult history. I argue that in order to become 'response-able' to this question, researchers who investigate biological inheritance today must engage these histories critically and review their legacies in present-day research. This is a task biologists might not want to undertake alone, but in interdisciplinary collaboration with social scientists and humanities scholars, in order to mobilize multiple forms of expertise for understanding the complex biosocial processes of human inheritance.
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Kerr A, Broer T, Ross E, Cunningham Burley S. Polygenic risk-stratified screening for cancer: Responsibilization in public health genomics. SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 2019; 49:605-626. [PMID: 31230567 PMCID: PMC6688132 DOI: 10.1177/0306312719858404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we examine professional discourse around the development of polygenic risk-stratified screening (PRSS) for cancer. Analyzing a range of contemporary professional literatures from Europe, North America and Australia, we explore how the drive to screen for molecular markers of cancer risk makes professionals, screening recipients and publics responsible, in different ways, for acquiring, curating and analyzing molecular data. Investigating how these responsibilities are invoked in discussions of new data practices, technologies, organizational arrangements, engagement, education and protocols for participation, we argue that agendas for PRSS for cancer are both expanding and stratifying responsibilities. Data collection is to be achieved by intensified responsibilities for including, reassuring and recruiting populations, as well as by opening and enriching the datasets on which models and preventative screening arrangements are based. Enhanced responsibilities for screening recipients and publics are also invoked, not just in relation to personal health but for population health more generally, via research participation and consenting to data re-use in the public interest. Professionals, screening recipients and publics are also to become responsible for moderating expectations of screening according to genomic designations. Together these discourses go beyond individual risk management to extend and diversify the responsibilities of practitioners, screening recipients and publics as public health genomics develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kerr
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tineke Broer
- Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah Cunningham Burley
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
What constitutes "human reproduction" is under negotiation as its biology, social nature, and cultural valences are increasingly perceived as bound up in environmental issues. This review maps the growing overlap between formerly rather separate domains of reproductive politics and environmental politics, examining three interrelated areas. The first is the emergence of an intersectional environmental reproductive justice framework in activism and environmental health science. The second is the biomedical delineation of the environment of reproduction and development as an object of growing research and intervention, as well as the marking off of early-life environments as an "exposed biology" consequential to the entire life span. Third is researchers' critical engagement with the reproductive subject of environmental politics and the lived experience of reproduction in environmentally dystopic times. Efforts to rethink the intersections of reproductive and environmental politics are found throughout these three areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Lappé
- Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California 93407-0329, USA
| | | | - Hannah Landecker
- Department of Sociology and Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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MacKendrick N, Cairns K. The Polluted Child and Maternal Responsibility in the US Environmental Health Movement. SIGNS 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/699340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lappé M. The paradox of care in behavioral epigenetics: Constructing early-life adversity in the lab. BIOSOCIETIES 2018; 13:698-714. [PMID: 31156717 PMCID: PMC6540972 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-017-0090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many epigenetic studies focus on how stress, trauma, and care become molecularly embodied, affect gene expression without changing DNA sequence, and produce changes that influence the health and behavior of individuals, their offspring, and future generations. This article describes how care has become central in research on the epigenetic effects of early-life adversity. My analysis draws on two years of ethnographic research in a behavioral epigenetics laboratory in the United States. Building on traditions in feminist theory and the sociology of science, I document how care is enacted with research samples, experimental protocols, and behavioral endpoints in experiments with model organisms. My findings point to tensions between researchers' care for the data and their measurement of adversity as a discrete variable in the form of maternal interaction, neglect, and abuse. I argue that these tensions suggest a "paradox of care" that is actively shaping how epigenetic knowledge is produced and its impacts in society. My analysis shows how decisions in the lab are shaping new understandings of how early-life experiences influence health, with significant impacts on our expectations of mothers and pregnant women. This study suggests that the more complex explanations of health and development promised by epigenetics are simultaneously constructed and constrained by caring practices in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Lappé
- Columbia University Center for Research on Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Behavioral Genetics
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Zhou H, Zhao W, Ye L, Chen Z, Cui Y. Postnatal low-concentration arsenic exposure induces autism-like behavior and affects frontal cortex neurogenesis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:188-198. [PMID: 30064059 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of postnatal low-concentration arsenic exposure on learning, social skills and frontal cortex neurogenesis in rats. Water-based arsenic exposure rat models were established on postnatal days 4-10 (P4-P10). The experimental animals were divided into four groups: the control group, a 15 μg/L As2O3 water group, a 30 μg/L As2O3 water group, and a 45 μg/L As2O3 water group. Cognitive function was examined with the Morris water maze, anxiety-like behavior with the open field test and light-dark box test, and social skills with a social interaction test. The frontal cortices of pups from each experimental group were sectioned at various time points after arsenic exposure. The morphologies and neurogenesis of the neurons in the frontal cortices were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and doublecortin (DCX) immunostaining. Significant positive correlations between arsenic concentration and deficits in learning and social skills were found, and the arsenic exposure groups showed significant increases in anxiety-like behavior compared with the control group (all Ps<0.05). Abnormal morphologic changes in the external granular layer and external pyramidal layer were positively correlated with the water arsenic concentration in the acute phase of arsenic exposure. However, at five weeks after arsenic exposure, the frontal cortex morphology was restored. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that compared to the control group, the groups that were exposed to arsenic exhibited significantly higher levels of DCX expression in the external granular and external pyramidal layers (all Ps<0.001). Furthermore, the 30 μg/L and 45 μg/L arsenic exposure groups still showed some DCX expression at five weeks after exposure. In conclusion, postnatal low-concentration arsenic exposure impaired learning and social skills and increased anxiety-like behaviors, and abnormal frontal cortex neurogenesis may be the mechanism underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | | | - Liu Ye
- Otolaryngological Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Zhihe Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China; Guizhou Medical University, 550004, China.
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DUPRAS CHARLES. RAPPROCHEMENT DES PÔLES NATURE ET CULTURE PAR LA RECHERCHE EN ÉPIGÉNÉTIQUE : DISSECTION D’UN BOULEVERSEMENT ÉPISTÉMOLOGIQUE ATTENDU. ATELIERS DE L ETHIQUE-THE ETHICS FORUM 2017. [DOI: 10.7202/1051278ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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