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Gill VS, Tummala SV, Han W, Boddu SP, Verhey JT, Marks L, Chhabra A. Athletes Continue to Show Functional Performance Deficits at Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy 2024; 40:2309-2321.e2. [PMID: 38220029 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the existing literature on the functional performance of athletes at the time of return-to-sport (RTS) clearance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed. The inclusion criteria were original research reports with study populations of athletes who had undergone ACLR and had undergone objective functional testing immediately after clearance to RTS. Functional testing was stratified by hop tests, strength tests, kinetic assessment, and kinematic assessment, and data were extracted from each study using a standardized template. RESULTS Of the 937 unique studies identified, 46 met the inclusion criteria. The average time between ACLR and functional testing was 7.9 months among the included studies. In 10 of 17 studies, patients were found to have an average quadriceps strength limb symmetry index of less than 90%. However, only 2 of 12 studies found the average hop test limb symmetry index to be less than 90%. Kinematics included reduced knee flexion angle and increased trunk flexion on landing in ACLR patients compared with matched controls. On evaluation of kinetics, ACLR patients showed reduced peak vertical ground reaction force, lower peak knee extension and knee flexion moments, and altered energy absorption contribution compared with matched controls. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that athletes show functional deficits at the time of RTS at an average of 7.9 months after ACLR. Traditional functional tests, such as strength and hop tests, are not able to accurately identify patients who continue to show deficits. The most common biomechanical deficits that persist after RTS clearance include diminished peak knee extension moment, decreased knee flexion angle, increased trunk flexion angle, reduced vertical ground reaction force, and increased hamstring central activation ratio during various functional gait and landing tasks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, systematic review of Level I to III studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S Gill
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S.A..
| | - Sailesh V Tummala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Will Han
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Sayi P Boddu
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Jens T Verhey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Lisa Marks
- Division of Education, Department of Library Services, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
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Alrashdi NZ, Motl RW, Lein DH, Aguiar EJ, Perumean-Chaney SE, Ryan MK, Ithurburn MP. Rehabilitation-Specific Predictors of Pain Intensity and Physical Activity Levels in Individuals With Acetabular Dysplasia 6 Months After Periacetabular Osteotomy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14711. [PMID: 39118426 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with acetabular dysplasia often report hip joint instability, pain, and poor hip-related function. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure that aims to reposition the acetabulum to improve joint congruency and improve pain and function. We aimed to examine the influence of presurgery clinical measures on functional recovery following PAO and the associations among clinical outcomes after PAO. METHODS We screened 49 potential participants, 28 were enrolled, and 23 completed both study visits (pre-PAO and 6 months post-PAO). We evaluated dynamometer-measured hip and thigh strength, loading patterns during a squat and countermovement jump (CMJ), pain intensity, and device-measured physical activity (PA) levels (light, moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA], and daily steps). We used linear regression models to examine the influence of muscle strength (peak torque; limb symmetry index [LSI]) and loading patterns before PAO on pain intensity and PA levels in individuals 6 months following PAO. Additionally, we used Pearson correlation coefficient to examine cross-sectional associations among all variables 6 months following PAO. RESULTS Lower extremity muscle strength and loading patterns during the squat and CMJ before PAO did not predict pain intensity or device-measured PA levels in individuals 6 months following PAO (p > 0.05). Six months following PAO, higher knee extensor LSI was associated with higher time spent in MVPA (r = 0.56; p = 0.016), higher hip abductor LSI was associated with both lower pain (r = 0.50; p = 0.036) and higher involved limb loading during the squat task (r = 0.59; p = 0.010). Lastly, higher hip flexor LSI was associated with higher CMJ takeoff involved limb loading (r = 0.52; p = 0.021) and higher involved hip extensor strength was associated with higher CMJ landing involved limb loading (r = 0.56; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Six months after PAO, higher hip and thigh muscle strength and strength symmetry were associated with lower pain, higher PA levels, and greater normalized limb loading during dynamic movement tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Z Alrashdi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald H Lein
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Michael K Ryan
- Andrews Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- The American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Prevea Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew P Ithurburn
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- The American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Labban W, Manaseer T, Golberg E, Sommerfeldt M, Nathanail S, Dennett L, Westover L, Beaupre L. Jumping into recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminatory and responsive force plate parameters in individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during countermovement and drop jumps. J Exp Orthop 2024; 11:e12018. [PMID: 38572392 PMCID: PMC10986632 DOI: 10.1002/jeo2.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Comprehensive understanding of force plate parameters distinguishing individuals postprimary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) from healthy controls during countermovement jumps (CMJ) and/or drop jumps (DJ) is lacking. This review addresses this gap by identifying discriminative force plate parameters and examining changes over time in individuals post-ACLR during CMJ and/or DJ. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta analyses following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Nine databases were searched from inception to March 2022. We included cross-sectional papers comparing post-ACLR with healthy controls or longitudinal studies of individuals at least 6 months postprimary ACLR while performing CMJ and/or DJ on force plates. The methodological quality was appraised using the Modified Downs and Black Checklist. Results Thirty-three studies including 1185 (50.38%) participants post-ACLR, and 1167 (49.62%) healthy controls, were included. Data were categorised into single-leg CMJ, double-leg CMJ, single-leg DJ, and double-leg DJ. Jump height was reduced in both single (mean difference [MD] = -3.13; p < 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [-4.12, -2.15]) and double-leg (MD = -4.24; p < 0.01; 95% CI: [-5.14, -3.34]) CMJs amongst individuals with ACLR. Similarly, concentric impulse and eccentric/concentric impulse asymmetry could distinguish between ACLR (MD = 3.42; p < 0.01; 95% CI: [2.19, 4.64]) and non-ACLR (MD = 5.82; p < 0.01; 95% CI: [4.80, 6.80]) individuals. In double-leg DJs, peak vertical ground reaction forces were lower in the involved side (MD = -0.10; p = 0.03; 95% CI: [-0.18, -0.01]) but higher in the uninvolved side (MD = 0.15; p < 0.01; 95% CI: [0.10, 0.20]) when compared to controls and demonstrated significant changes between 6 months and 3 years post-ACLR. Conclusion This study identified discriminative kinetic parameters when comparing individuals with and without ACLR and also monitored neuromuscular function post-ACLR. Due to heterogeneity, a combination of parameters may be required to better identify functional deficits post-ACLR. Level of Evidence Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Labban
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Mirdif Center for Physiotherapy and RehabilitationDubaiUnited Arab Emirate
| | - Thaer Manaseer
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports SciencesThe Hashemite UniversityZarqaJordan
| | - Eric Golberg
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Mark Sommerfeldt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine ClinicUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | | | - Liz Dennett
- Geoffrey and Robyn Sperber Health Sciences LibraryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | | | - Lauren Beaupre
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
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Ishida T, Ino T, Yamakawa Y, Wada N, Koshino Y, Samukawa M, Kasahara S, Tohyama H. Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Force during Single-leg Landing Using Two-dimensional Video Images and Pose Estimation Artificial Intelligence. Phys Ther Res 2024; 27:35-41. [PMID: 38690532 PMCID: PMC11057390 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e10276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during landing tasks is crucial for physical therapy in sports. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the VGRF during a single-leg landing can be estimated from a two-dimensional (2D) video image and pose estimation artificial intelligence (AI). METHODS Eighteen healthy male participants (age: 23.0 ± 1.6 years) performed a single-leg landing task from a 30-cm height. The VGRF was measured using a force plate and estimated using center of mass (COM) position data from a 2D video image with pose estimation AI (2D-AI) and three-dimensional optical motion capture (3D-Mocap). The measured and estimated peak VGRFs were compared using a paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The absolute errors of the peak VGRF were also compared between the two estimations. RESULTS No significant difference in the peak VGRF was found between the force plate measured VGRF and the 2D-AI or 3D-Mocap estimated VGRF (force plate: 3.37 ± 0.42 body weight [BW], 2D-AI: 3.32 ± 0.42 BW, 3D-Mocap: 3.50 ± 0.42 BW). There was no significant difference in the absolute error of the peak VGRF between the 2D-AI and 3D-Mocap estimations (2D-AI: 0.20 ± 0.16 BW, 3D-Mocap: 0.13 ± 0.09 BW, P = 0.163). The measured peak VGRF was significantly correlated with the estimated peak by 2D-AI (R = 0.835, P <0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that peak VGRF estimation using 2D video images and pose estimation AI is useful for the clinical assessment of single-leg landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takumi Ino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | | | - Naofumi Wada
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University of Science, Japan
| | - Yuta Koshino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Zanguie H, Sheikhhoseini R, Yousefi M, Hides JA. Mechanical energy flow analysis in athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during single-leg drop landing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1321. [PMID: 38225250 PMCID: PMC10789757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Techniques that reduce mechanical energy have been linked to lower chances of experiencing an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. Although there is evidence that movement patterns are altered in athletes who have undergone Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR), energy transfer mechanisms have not been examined. This study aimed to compare energy flow mechanisms during single-leg drop landing between athletes with and without history of ACLR. A total of 20 female athletes were included in this study. Ten participants underwent ACLR 12 months ago (mean age, 21.57 ± 0.41 years) and 10 were healthy controls (mean age, 20.89 ± 0.21 years). Participants executed the single-leg drop landing (SLL) maneuver by descending from a 30 cm wooden box and landing on the tested leg on an embedded force plate. Information collected during the SLL trials was refined using rigid-body analysis and inverse dynamics within Nexus software, ultimately allowing construction of skeletal models of the athletes. Ankle and knee mechanical energy expenditure (MEE) was higher in the control participants during landing. However, the result for the hip MEE demonstrated that MEE of the control group was significantly lower compared with the ACLR group, but MEE of the control subjects was higher as compared to ACLR group (p ˂ 0.05). Results suggest the avoidant use of the quadriceps muscle post ACLR leads to knee-avoidant mechanics and loss of knee joint power generation during a SLL task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zanguie
- Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Sheikhhoseini
- Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Sports Biomechanic, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Julie A Hides
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Pelvic Rotation Is Associated With Asymmetry in the Knee Extensor Moment During Double-Leg Squatting After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Appl Biomech 2023; 39:62-68. [PMID: 36649718 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry in knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting was observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, even after the completion of the rehabilitation program for return to sports. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between asymmetry in the knee extensor moment and pelvic rotation angle during double-leg squatting after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Twenty-four participants performed double-leg squatting. Kinetics and kinematics during squatting were analyzed using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system with 2 force plates. The limb symmetry index of knee extensor moment was predicted by the pelvic rotation angle (R2 = .376, P = .001). In addition, the pelvic rotation and the limb symmetry index of the vertical ground reaction force independently explained the limb symmetry index of the knee extensor moment (R2 = .635, P < .001, β of pelvic rotation = -0.489, β of vertical ground reaction force = 0.524). Pelvic rotation toward the involved limb was associated with a smaller knee extensor moment in the involved limb than in the uninvolved limb. The assessment of pelvic rotation would be useful for partially predicting asymmetry in the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting. Minimizing pelvic rotation may improve the asymmetry in the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
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Culiver A, Grooms D, Edwards N, Schmitt L, Oñate J. A Preliminary Investigation into the Neural Correlates of Knee Loading during a Change of Direction Task in Individuals after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:70-80. [PMID: 36793571 PMCID: PMC9897027 DOI: 10.26603/001c.57782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central nervous system (CNS) function after ACLR, quantified by the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response, is altered in regions of sensory function during knee movement after ACLR. However, it is unknown how this altered neural response may manifest in knee loading and response to sensory perturbations during sport specific movements. Purpose To investigate the relationship among CNS function and lower extremity kinetics, under multiple visual conditions, during 180° change of direction task in individuals with a history of ACLR. Methods Eight participants, 39.3 ± 37.1 months after primary, left ACLR performed repetitive active knee flexion and extension of their involved knee during fMRI scanning. Participants separately performed 3D motion capture analysis of a 180° change of direction task under full vision (FV) and stroboscopic vision (SV) conditions. A neural correlate analysis was performed to associate BOLD signal to knee loading of the left lower extremity. Results Involved limb peak internal knee extension moment (pKEM) was significantly lower in the SV condition (1.89 ± 0.37 N*m/Kg) compared to the FV condition (2.0 ± 0.34 N*m/Kg) (p = .018). Involved limb pKEM during the SV condition was positively correlated with BOLD signal in the contralateral precuneus and superior parietal lobe (Voxels: 53; p = .017; z-stat max: 6.47; MNI peak: 6, -50, 66). Conclusion There is a positive association between involved limb pKEM in the SV condition and BOLD response in areas of visual-sensory integration. Activation of contralateral precuneus and superior parietal lobe brain regions may be a strategy to maintain joint loading when vision is perturbed. Level of Evidence Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Culiver
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
| | - Dustin Grooms
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions Ohio University
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions Ohio University
- 5. Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Ohio University
| | - Nathan Edwards
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
| | - Laura Schmitt
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
| | - James Oñate
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
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Females with hip-related pain display altered lower limb mechanics compared to their healthy counterparts in a drop jump task. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 100:105812. [PMID: 36332307 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip-related pain describes femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, acetabular dysplasia, and other hip pain conditions without clear morphological features. Movement strategies in this population, notably sex-related patterns, are poorly understood and may provide insights into why females report more pain and worse function. This study examined the sex-related differences during a drop vertical jump task between those with hip-related pain and healthy controls. METHODS Patients with hip-related pain and healthy controls completed five repetitions of a drop jump while their kinematics and kinetics were recorded using a motion capture system and force plates. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and external joint moments during landing were used in general estimating equations for comparison of group by sex by limb interactions. Time series data were further investigated using statistical parametric mapping. FINDINGS Females with hip-related pain had 9.1° less hip flexion (P = .041) and 9.2° less knee flexion (P = .024) than healthy females, and 8.3° less knee flexion than male counterparts with hip-related pain (P = .039). Males demonstrated 1.4° less hip flexion on the affected side compared to their uninvolved side (P = .004). Statistical parametric mapping results showed significant differences in knee flexion angle for females with hip-related pain compared to healthy females (P = .042). There were no significant differences in hip, knee, or ankle moments. INTERPRETATION Females with hip-related pain showed kinematic patterns distinct from healthy controls. Sex may be an important variable of interest in characterizing movement impairments in this population and movement impairments may be an appropriate target for intervention for these patients.
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Schmitt LC, Brunst C, Ithurburn M, Ilardi D, Thomas S, Huang B, Paterno MV. Identification and Predictors of Age-Relevant and Activity-Relevant Hop Test Targets in Young Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Athl Train 2022; 57:946-954. [PMID: 36638339 PMCID: PMC9842127 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0636.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Performance symmetry between limbs (limb symmetry index [LSI] ≥ 90%) on a battery of single-leg hop tests is recommended to inform return-to-sport (RTS) decisions after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Achieving current hop test symmetry values has not been associated with future clinical outcomes. The identification of age-relevant and activity-relevant target values to benchmark the hop test performance of young athletes post-ACLR may provide greater specificity and clinical relevance for interpretation of hop test data. OBJECTIVE To identify single-leg hop test-target values for individual-limb performance and symmetry between limbs for athletes without a history of ACL injury and evaluate the proportion of young athletes post-ACLR who met the newly derived target values at the time of RTS clearance. The secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that better function and strength would be associated with achieving the newly derived hop test target values. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Pediatric medical center and academic medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 159 young athletes (age = 16.9 ± 2.2 years) at the time of RTS clearance after primary, unilateral ACLR and 47 uninjured control athletes (age = 17.0 ± 2.3 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) All participants completed a single-leg hop test battery (single hop, triple hop, and crossover hop for distance [cm], and 6-m timed hop [seconds]). Raw distance values were normalized by body height, and LSI (%) was calculated for each hop test. Target values were defined as the lower bound of the 95% CI for each hop test, using control group data. Participants with ACLR also completed the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales and a quadriceps femoris strength (newton meters/kilogram) assessment. Logistic regression determined predictors of achieving hop test target values in the ACLR group among injury, function, and strength data (P < .05). RESULTS In the ACLR group, 79% to 84% of participants met the 90% LSI threshold on each hop test. They achieved the target values for surgical-limb performance in the following proportions (% participants): single hop = 29%, triple hop = 24%, crossover hop = 30%, 6-m timed hop = 18%, all hops= 12%. Also, they met the target values for LSI in the following proportions: single hop = 43%, triple hop = 48%, crossover hop = 50%, 6-m timed hop = 69%, all hops = 25%. The only predictor of achieving all hop test targets for surgical-limb performance was greater surgical-limb quadriceps femoris strength (odds ratio = 4.10, P = .007). We noted a trend toward quadriceps femoris strength LSI ≥ 90% (odds ratio = 2.44, P = .058) as a predictor for meeting all hop test symmetry targets. CONCLUSIONS At the time of RTS post-ACLR, only a small proportion of young athletes achieved the age-relevant and activity-relevant single-leg hop test targets for surgical-limb performance or symmetry between limbs, even though a majority met the traditionally recommended 90% LSI threshold on hop tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Schmitt
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- OSU Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Caroline Brunst
- OSU Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Matthew Ithurburn
- American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Staci Thomas
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Bin Huang
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Mark Vincent Paterno
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
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10
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Losciale JM, Ithurburn MP, Paterno MV, Schmitt LC. Passing return-to-sport criteria and landing biomechanics in young athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:208-218. [PMID: 34081370 PMCID: PMC9272897 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the sagittal plane knee joint loading patterns during a double-leg landing task among young athletes who passed or failed return-to-sport (RTS) criteria following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reconstruction (ACLR), and in uninjured athletes. Participants completed quadriceps strength testing, a hop test battery, and the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form following medical RTS clearance. ACLR participants "passed" RTS criteria (RTS-PASS) if they met ≥90 limb symmetry (%) or score on all measures and were categorized as "failing" (RTS-FAIL) if not. All participants completed three-dimensional motion analysis testing. Sagittal plane kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated during a double-leg drop vertical jump task. Mean limb values and limb symmetry indices (LSI; %) were calculated and compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (for LSI) and mixed between-within ANOVA (for group × limb differences). A total of 205 participants were included, with 39 in the RTS-PASS group, 109 in the RTS-FAIL group, and 57 control groups (CTRLs). The RTS-FAIL group demonstrated lower symmetry values for peak vertical ground reaction force, peak internal knee extension moment, and peak knee flexion angle. Group × limb interactions were observed for peak vertical ground reaction force and peak internal knee extension moment. Involved limb values were reduced in the RTS-PASS and RTS-FAIL groups compared to CTRLs, while the RTS-PASS groups had lower uninvolved limb values compared to the RTS-FAIL and CTRLs. Clinical Significance: Young athletes who pass RTS criteria after ACLR land symmetrically during a double-leg task, but symmetry was achieved by reducing loading on both limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Losciale
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew P. Ithurburn
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark V. Paterno
- Division of Sports Medicine and Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Laura C. Schmitt
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Smeets A, Willems M, Gilson L, Verschueren S, Staes F, Vandenneucker H, Claes S, Vanrenterghem J. Neuromuscular and biomechanical landing alterations persist in athletes returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 2021; 33:305-317. [PMID: 34741830 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) athletes show increased hamstrings activation and decreased knee flexion moments (KFMs) during single leg landing tasks at time of return-to-sport (RTS). Although these landing alterations seem protective in the short term, they might become undesirable if they persist after RTS. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate whether those landing alterations persist in the months following RTS. METHODS Sixteen athletes who had an ACLR performed five unilateral landing tasks at three different time points (at RTS, and at 3 and 6 months after RTS) while KFMs and hamstrings activation were recorded. The following clinical parameters were registered: isokinetic strength of quadriceps and hamstrings, ACL return-to-sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI), Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, self-reported instability and single leg hop distance. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess whether landing deficits changed over time. Additionally, an explorative analysis was performed to assess whether those athletes whose deficits persisted the most could be identified based on baseline clinical parameters. RESULTS The ANOVA showed no differences in landing deficits between sessions, indicating persisting reduced KFMs and increased hamstrings activation in the injured leg compared with the contralateral leg. A significant improvement of the quadriceps concentric strength (at 120°/s), ACL-RSI score and jump distance of the single leg hop was found over time. CONCLUSIONS Landing alterations were not resolved 6 months after RTS. Additional interventions may be needed to normalize landing alterations prior to return to sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Smeets
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Miel Willems
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Gilson
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Staes
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Vandenneucker
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Orthopedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Claes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, AZ Herentals Hospital, Herentals, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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VanZile AW, Snyder MJ, Watkins EA, Jayawickrema J, Widenhoefer TL, Almonroeder TG. Kinetic Asymmetry During a Repetitive Tuck Jump Task in Athletes with a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1278-1285. [PMID: 34631248 PMCID: PMC8486401 DOI: 10.26603/001c.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction typically exhibit relatively high/rapid loading of their uninvolved limb during bilateral landing and jumping (vs. their limb that underwent reconstruction), which may place their uninvolved limb at risk for injury. However, previous studies have only examined forces and loading rates for tasks involving an isolated land-and-jump. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine bilateral landing and jumping kinetics during performance of a repetitive tuck jump task in athletes who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and completed rehabilitation. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Nine athletes (four males, five females) participated in this study. All participants had undergone successful unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, had completed post-operative rehabilitation, and were in the process of completing return-to-sport testing. Athletes performed a repetitive tuck jump task for 10 seconds, while ground reaction forces were recorded for their uninvolved and involved limbs via separate force platforms. Two-way analysis of variance, for within-subjects factors of limb and cycle, was performed for the impact forces, loading rates, and propulsive forces from the first five land-and-jump cycles completed. RESULTS There was not a limb-by-cycle interaction effect or main effect of cycle for the impact forces, loading rates, or propulsive forces; however, there was a main effect of limb for the impact forces (F(1, 8) = 14.64; p=0.005), loading rates (F(1, 8) = 5.60; p=0.046), and propulsive forces (F(1, 8) = 10.38; p=0.012). Impact forces, loading rates, and propulsive forces were higher for the uninvolved limb, compared to the involved limb, over the five land-and-jump cycles analyzed. CONCLUSION The athletes in this study consistently applied higher and more rapid loads to their uninvolved limb over multiple land-and-jump cycles. This may help to explain the relatively high injury rates for the uninvolved limb in athletes who have returned to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
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13
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Ishida T, Samukawa M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto H, Ito Y, Sakashita M, Aoki Y, Yamanaka M, Tohyama H. Improvements in asymmetry in knee flexion motion during landing are associated with the postoperative period and quadriceps strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Res Sports Med 2021; 31:285-295. [PMID: 34406086 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1966010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between quadriceps strength and knee kinematics during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) at 6, 9 and 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in 9 male and 22 female athletes (16.6 ± 2.1 years old). Isokinetic quadriceps strength was measured by a dynamometer (Biodex System 3). Knee flexion excursion was assessed using two-dimensional analysis. Knee flexion excursion at 6 months was significantly smaller in the involved limb than in the uninvolved limb independent of quadriceps strength (56.7° ± 9.3°, 63.4° ± 11.4°, P < 0.001). At 9 months, only the low quadriceps strength group demonstrated a similar interlimb difference (57.2°± 12.3°, 63.3° ± 10.5°, P < 0.001). At 12 months, there was no significant interlimb difference in knee flexion excursion regardless of quadriceps strength. These findings indicate that restoration in symmetrical knee flexion excursion during a DVJ requires rehabilitation as well as quadriceps strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Matsumoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miku Sakashita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamanaka
- Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Chitose, Japan
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14
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VanZile AW, Reineke DM, Snyder MJ, Jones DD, Dade RL, Almonroeder TG. Establishing Normative Values for Inter-Limb Kinetic Symmetry During Landing in Uninjured Adolescent Athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1067-1075. [PMID: 34386285 PMCID: PMC8329325 DOI: 10.26603/001c.25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of inter-limb kinetic symmetry during landing could provide valuable insights when working with athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, it is difficult to determine if the asymmetry exhibited by an injured athlete is excessive or within a range that is similar to uninjured athletes, until normative values are established. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to establish normative values for inter-limb impact force symmetry in uninjured adolescent athletes. In addition, an example is provided of how these normative values could be used to identify athletes who exhibit atypically high levels of asymmetry following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS One hundred and thirty-six uninjured athletes completed drop vertical jumps and countermovement jumps while force plates recorded ground reaction forces. Symmetry indices captured inter-limb symmetry in impact forces during landing for both tasks. These symmetry indices were also combined to create an index that captured symmetry across both tasks. Normative values were established using the uninjured athletes' data. Eleven athletes who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and been cleared to return to landing and jumping performed the same tasks and their data were compared to the results for the uninjured group. RESULTS Measures of central tendency, variability, percentiles, and outliers were calculated/identified based on the uninjured athletes' symmetry indices. Six of the 11 injured athletes exhibited atypically high symmetry index values. CONCLUSION The normative values established as part of this study may serve as a basis for identifying athletes who exhibit atypically high levels of inter-limb impact force asymmetry during jumping tasks following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renee L Dade
- University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
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15
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Ithurburn MP, Thomas S, Paterno MV, Schmitt LC. Young athletes after ACL reconstruction with asymmetric quadriceps strength at the time of return-to-sport clearance demonstrate drop-landing asymmetries two years later. Knee 2021; 29:520-529. [PMID: 33756262 PMCID: PMC8127385 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of return-to-sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) contributes to altered landing mechanics. However, the impact of RTS quadriceps strength on longitudinal alterations in landing mechanics, a risk factor for poor knee joint health over time, is not understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that young athletes with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of RTS clearance after ACLR would demonstrate asymmetric landing mechanics 2 years later compared to those without quadriceps strength asymmetry. METHODS We followed 57 young athletes (age at RTS = 17.6 ± 3.0 years; 77% females) with primary, unilateral ACLR for 2 years following RTS clearance. At RTS, we measured isometric quadriceps strength bilaterally and calculated limb-symmetry indices [LSI = (involved/uninvolved)×100%]. Using RTS quadriceps LSI, we divided participants into High-Quadriceps (HQ; LSI ≥ 90%) and Low-Quadriceps (LQ; LSI < 85%) groups. Two years later, we assessed landing mechanics during a drop-vertical jump (DVJ) task using three-dimensional motion analysis. We compared involved/uninvolved limb values and LSI between the HQ and LQ groups using Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS The LQ group (n = 26) demonstrated greater asymmetry (lower LSI) during landing at 2 years post-RTS for knee flexion excursion (p = 0.016) and peak vertical ground reaction force (p = 0.006) compared to the HQ group (n = 28). There were no group differences in uninvolved or involved limb values for all variables (all p > 0.093). CONCLUSION Young athletes after ACLR with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of RTS favored the uninvolved limb during DVJ landing 2 years later. These landing asymmetries may relate to long-term knee joint health after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Ithurburn
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Staci Thomas
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Mark V Paterno
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Laura C Schmitt
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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16
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Goto S, Garrison JC, Hannon JP, N. Grondin A, Bothwell JM, Wang-Price S, Bush CA, Papaliodis DN, Dietrich LN. Quadriceps strength changes across the continuum of care in adolescent male and female athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 46:214-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Sarvestan J, Aghaie Ataabadi P, Svoboda Z, Kovačikova Z, Needle AR. Ankle-knee coupling responses to ankle Kinesio™ taping during single-leg drop landings in collegiate athletes with chronic ankle instability. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:582-591. [PMID: 33092324 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle Kinesio-taping (KT) is being globally used an intervention to provide the ankle joint complex with sufficient support against sudden excessive mechanical stress during various activities. However, its effects on proximal joints are unclear. This study investigated the impact of ankle KT on ankle-knee joint coupling in sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. METHODS Adopting a pretest post-test study design, 30 collegiate athletes with chronic ankle instability performed 3 single-leg drop landings in each non-taped and Kinesio-taped conditions and their movement kinematics were recorded using 6 optoelectronic cameras. RESULTS The ankle angular velocities in sagittal (P=0.038, d=0.64) and transverse planes (P=0.001, d=0.95) decreased after KT application, while the knee internal rotation velocities increased (P=0.020, d=0.51). The coupling angles revealed that the ankle movement ratios significantly decreased in 3 planes in comparison with knee movement ratios. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of this study illustrated that application of ankle KT leaves the individuals with a stiffer ankle joint, which increases the mechanical stresses to this joint and decreases its stiffness in absorbing the applied shocks. Further, ankle KT application resulted in more knee internal rotation moments and may increase the risk of knee injuries during landing after a long-term usage in patients with instability ankle sprain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sarvestan
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic -
| | - Peyman Aghaie Ataabadi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zdeněk Svoboda
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kovačikova
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alan R Needle
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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18
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Validity of a New 3-D Motion Analysis Tool for the Assessment of Knee, Hip and Spine Joint Angles during the Single Leg Squat. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164539. [PMID: 32823657 PMCID: PMC7472619 DOI: 10.3390/s20164539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Study concurrent validity of a new sensor-based 3D motion capture (MoCap) tool to register knee, hip and spine joint angles during the single leg squat. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Forty-four physically active (Tegner ≥ 5) subjects (age 22.8 (±3.3)) Main outcome measures: Sagittal and frontal plane trunk, hip and knee angles at peak knee flexion. The sensor-based system consisted of 4 active (triaxial accelerometric, gyroscopic and geomagnetic) sensors wirelessly connected with an iPad. A conventional passive tracking 3D MoCap (OptiTrack) system served as gold standard. Results: All sagittal plane measurement correlations observed were very strong for the knee and hip (r = 0.929–0.988, p < 0.001). For sagittal plane spine assessment, the correlations were moderate (r = 0.708–0.728, p < 0.001). Frontal plane measurement correlations were moderate in size for the hip (ρ = 0.646–0.818, p < 0.001) and spine (ρ = 0.613–0.827, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The 3-D MoCap tool has good to excellent criterion validity for sagittal and frontal plane angles occurring in the knee, hip and spine during the single leg squat. This allows bringing this type of easily accessible MoCap technology outside laboratory settings.
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19
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Sarvestan J, Ataabadi PA, Svoboda Z, Kovačikova Z, Needle AR. The effect of ankle Kinesio™ taping on ankle joint biomechanics during unilateral balance status among collegiate athletes with chronic ankle sprain. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 45:161-167. [PMID: 32781269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of ankle Kinesio-taping (KT) on postural sway, lower limb ROM, and muscle activity during a unilateral balance tasks. DESIGN Case control study design. SETTING Data were collected at the human movement analysis laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 30 collegiate athletes with chronic ankle sprain (11 females and 19 males, 23.91 ± 2.58 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Hip, knee and ankle joints ranges of motion (ROMs); postural sway area and velocities in both anteroposterior and mediolateral directions; and muscular activity amplitudes (% peak) of lateral and medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus in a 20s single leg balance test in two non-taped (control) and KT (intervention) conditions. RESULTS Significant decrease observed in ankle lateral ROM (p = 0.048, d = 0.52), mediolateral postural sway velocity (p = 0.029, d = 1.25), and peroneus longus activity amplitudes (p = 0.042, d = 0.55) after KT application. CONCLUSION Acute application of KT among athletes with chronic ankle instability could provide lateral mechanical support to the ankle, potentially decreasing the velocity of frontal plane sway, and decreasing the magnitude of muscle activation. These data suggest that KT may be beneficial for improving static joint stability among individuals with chronic ankle sprain, and thus could be considered an option to allow safe return-to-activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sarvestan
- Department of Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Peyman Aghaie Ataabadi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zdeněk Svoboda
- Department of Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kovačikova
- Department of Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alan R Needle
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, ASU Box 32071, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
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