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Zuleger TM, Slutsky-Ganesh AB, Anand M, Kim H, Warren SM, Grooms DR, Foss KDB, Riley MA, Yuan W, Gore RK, Myer GD, Diekfuss JA. The effects of sports-related concussion history on female adolescent brain activity and connectivity for bilateral lower extremity knee motor control. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14314. [PMID: 37114838 PMCID: PMC10523876 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are associated with neuromuscular control deficits in athletes following return to play. However, the connection between SRC and potentially disrupted neural regulation of lower extremity motor control has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain activity and connectivity during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) lower extremity motor control task (bilateral leg press) in female adolescent athletes with a history of SRC. Nineteen female adolescent athletes with a history of SRC and nineteen uninjured (without a history of SRC) age- and sport-matched control athletes participated in this study. Athletes with a history of SRC exhibited less neural activity in the left inferior parietal lobule/supramarginal gyrus (IPL) during the bilateral leg press compared to matched controls. Based upon signal change detected in the brain activity analysis, a 6 mm region of interest (seed) was defined to perform secondary connectivity analyses using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses. During the motor control task, the left IPL (seed) was significantly connected to the right posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus cortex and right IPL for athletes with a history of SRC. The left IPL was significantly connected to the left primary motor cortex (M1) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1), right inferior temporal gyrus, and right S1 for matched controls. Altered neural activity in brain regions important for sensorimotor integration and motor attention, combined with unique connectivity to regions responsible for attentional, cognitive, and proprioceptive processing, indicate compensatory neural mechanisms may underlie the lingering neuromuscular control deficits associated with SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Zuleger
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- University of Cincinnati, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Manish Anand
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, TN, India
| | - HoWon Kim
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shayla M. Warren
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dustin R. Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Science and Professions, Ohio University, Grover Center, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kim D. Barber Foss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael A. Riley
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, & Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Russell K. Gore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory D. Myer
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jed A. Diekfuss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Dhote VV, Raja MKMM, Samundre P, Sharma S, Anwikar S, Upaganlawar AB. Sports Related Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration in Athletes. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:51-76. [PMID: 34515018 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210910114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sports deserve a special place in human life to impart healthy and refreshing wellbeing. However, sports activities, especially contact sports, renders athlete vulnerable to brain injuries. Athletes participating in a contact sport like boxing, rugby, American football, wrestling, and basketball are exposed to traumatic brain injuries (TBI) or concussions. The acute and chronic nature of these heterogeneous injuries provides a spectrum of dysfunctions that alters the neuronal, musculoskeletal, and behavioral responses of an athlete. Many sports-related brain injuries go unreported, but these head impacts trigger neurometabolic disruptions that contribute to long-term neuronal impairment. The pathophysiology of post-concussion and its underlying mechanisms are undergoing intense research. It also shed light on chronic disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. In this review, we examined post-concussion neurobehavioral changes, tools for early detection of signs, and their impact on the athlete. Further, we discussed the role of nutritional supplements in ameliorating neuropsychiatric diseases in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin V Dhote
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | | | - Prem Samundre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | - Shraddha Anwikar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
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