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Titcomb TJ, Fathi F, Kaeppler MS, Beatriz Sandoval Cates S, Falco Cobra P, Markley JL, Gregory JF, Tanumihardjo SA. Inadequate Niacin Intake Disrupts Growth and Retinol Homeostasis Resulting in Higher Liver and Lower Serum Retinol Concentrations in Male Rats. J Nutr 2023; 153:2263-2273. [PMID: 37354977 PMCID: PMC10493434 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niacin-derived nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an essential cofactor for many dehydrogenase enzymes involved in vitamin A (VA) metabolism. Several countries with high prevalence of VA deficiency rely on maize, a poor source of available niacin, as a dietary staple. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the interaction of dietary niacin on VA homeostasis using male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 21 d (baseline body weight 88.3 ± 6.6 g). METHODS After 1 wk of acclimation, baseline samples were collected (n = 4). Remaining rats (n = 54) were split into 9 groups to receive low tryptophan, VA-deficient feed with 3 different amounts of niacin (0, 15, or 30 mg/kg) and 3 different oral VA doses (50, 350, or 3500 nmol/d) in a 3 × 3 design. After 4 wk, the study was terminated. Serum, livers, and small intestine were analyzed for retinoids using high-performance liquid chromatography. Niacin and metabolites were evaluated with nuclear magnetic resonance. Plasma pyridoxal-P (PLP) was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Niacin intake correlated with serum retinol concentrations (r = 0.853, P < 0.001). For rats receiving the highest VA dose, liver retinol concentrations were lower in the 30-mg/kg niacin group (5.39 ± 0.27 μmol/g) than those in the 0-mg/kg and 15-mg/kg groups (9.18 ± 0.62 and 8.75 ± 0.07 μmol/g, respectively; P ≤ 0.05 for both). This phenomenon also occurred in the lower VA doses (P ≤ 0.05 for all). Growth and tissue weight at endline were associated with niacin intake (P ≤ 0.001 for all). Plasma PLP correlated with estimated niacin intake (r = 0.814, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Optimal niacin intake is associated with lower liver VA and higher serum retinol and plasma PLP concentrations. The extent to which vitamin B intake affects VA homeostasis requires further investigation to determine if the effects are maintained in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Titcomb
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mikayla S Kaeppler
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sofía Beatriz Sandoval Cates
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paulo Falco Cobra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John L Markley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
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Kvalsund M, Kayamba V, Kelly P, Birbeck GL, Mwansa-Thurman C, Sommer IN, Lamers Y, Gardiner J, Herrmann DN. Is folate deficiency a common cause of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in Zambian clinics? J Neurol Sci 2019; 409:116583. [PMID: 31864072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the odds of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies among Zambian clinic attendees with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) and age, sex, and HIV matched controls. METHODS Cases were adults from clinics in urban/peri-urban Zambia. Controls were enrolled among persons not seeking personal medical care, such as a caregiver or person collecting antiretrovirals without a medical complaint. Participants underwent structured interviews, physician examination, and assessments of complete blood count, renal and liver profiles, serum vitamin B12 and folate, erythrocyte folate, plasma total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. HIV testing and CD4 counts were performed when appropriate. RESULTS Among 107 consenting matched case-control pairs, 65% were female, 52% HIV positive, with mean age of 47.6 (SD 13.5) years. Among HIV positive participants, mean CD4 count was 484 (SD 221) and 482 (SD 236) for cases and controls, respectively (p = .93). DSP symptoms and severity did not differ by HIV status (p's > 0.05). Height, history of tuberculosis treatment, alcohol use, education, asset index, dietary diversity, and nutritional supplement use did not differ between cases and controls (p's > 0.05). DSP cases had at least 3:1 odds of having low serum folate (p = .0001), severely low erythrocyte folate (p = .014), and elevated total homocysteine (p = .001) levels compared to controls. Markers of vitamin B12 deficiency were not associated with case status (p's > 0.05). CONCLUSION Markers of folate deficiency are highly associated with DSP among Zambian clinic attendees. Future studies should consider a broader range of comorbid nutritional deficiencies, and strategies for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kvalsund
- International Neurologic & Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, Department of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, W Fee Hall Room 324, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; University of Zambia, Department of Medicine, Nationalist Road, P.O. Box 50101, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Violet Kayamba
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia, Department of Medicine, P.O. Box 50398, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia, Department of Medicine, P.O. Box 50398, Lusaka, Zambia; Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.
| | - Gretchen L Birbeck
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; UTH Neurology Research Office, Paediatric Annex, Nationalist Road, PO Box UTH 11, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Cleopatra Mwansa-Thurman
- International Neurologic & Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, Department of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, W Fee Hall Room 324, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Joseph Gardiner
- Michigan State University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 909 Wilson Road, Room B601, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - David N Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Titcomb TJ, Tanumihardjo SA. Global Concerns with B Vitamin Statuses: Biofortification, Fortification, Hidden Hunger, Interactions, and Toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1968-1984. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Titcomb
- Dept. of Nutritional SciencesUniv. of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 U.S.A
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Kaliwile C, Michelo C, Titcomb TJ, Moursi M, Donahue Angel M, Reinberg C, Bwembya P, Alders R, Tanumihardjo SA. Dietary Intake Patterns among Lactating and Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Zambia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E288. [PMID: 30699920 PMCID: PMC6412766 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient dietary intake, micronutrient deficiencies, and infection may result in malnutrition. In Zambia, an estimated 14% of women are vitamin A-deficient, ~50% are anemic, 10% are underweight, and 23% are overweight/obese. A cross-sectional survey determined food and nutrient intakes of randomly selected Zambian women (n = 530) of reproductive age (15⁻49 years). Dietary intake data were collected using interactive multiple-pass 24-h recalls. Carbohydrate, fat, protein, and selected micronutrient intakes were estimated. Prevalence of adequate intakes were determined using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method and comparisons between lactating and non-lactating women were made by two-sample t-tests. The response rate was 98.7%. Overweight/obesity occurred in 20.7% (95% confidence interval (CI: 17.2, 24.5)). Almost all micronutrient intakes were inadequate, with values between 22.3% and 99.9%. Mean iron intake was >EAR, and 8.2% of women tested (12/146, 95% CI: 4.1, 13.0) were anemic (hemoglobin <115 g/L). Calcium intake was higher in lactating than non-lactating women (p = 0.004), but all intakes need improvement. Vitamin intakes in rural Zambian women are inadequate, suggesting a need for health promotion messages to encourage intake of locally available micronutrient-dense foods as well as supplementation, fortification, and biofortification initiatives. Nutritional support is important because maternal nutrition directly impacts child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisela Kaliwile
- National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC), Public Health and Community Nutrition Unit, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| | - Charles Michelo
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, Nutrition and Population Studies Unit, University of Zambia, Lusaka 32379, Zambia.
| | - Tyler J Titcomb
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Mourad Moursi
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Moira Donahue Angel
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Chelsea Reinberg
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Pheobe Bwembya
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, Nutrition and Population Studies Unit, University of Zambia, Lusaka 32379, Zambia.
| | - Robyn Alders
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane 4000, Australia.
- Kyeema Foundation, C.P 1168 Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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