1
|
Speranza L, De Lutiis M, Shaik Y, Felaco M, Patruno A, Tetè A, Mastrangelo F, Madhappan B, Castellani M, Conti F, Vecchiet J, Theoharides T, Conti P, Grilli A. Localization and Activity of iNOS in Normal Human Lung Tissue and Lung Cancer Tissue. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:226-31. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of three enzymes generating nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine. iNOS-derived NO plays an important role in several physiological and pathophysiological conditions. NO is a free radical which produces many reactive intermediates that account for its bioactivity. In the human lung, the alveolar macrophage is an important producer of cytokines and this production may be modified by NO. Moreover, high concentrations of NO have been shown to increase nuclear factor KB (NF-kB) activation. Recent investigations of NO expression in tumor tissue indicated that, at least for certain tumors, NO may mediate one or more roles during the growth of human cancer. We have studied iNOS in two tissue groups: normal human lung tissue and human lung cancer tissue. We localized iNOS in these tissues by immunohistochemistry and tested the mRNA expression by RT-PCR, the protein level by Western blot, and the protein activity by radiometric analysis. The results demonstrate different expression, localization and activity of iNOS in normal versus tumor tissue. This is suggestive of a role for NO production from iNOS in human lung cancer because high concentrations of this short molecule may transform to highly reactive compounds such as peroxynitrite (ONOO-); moreover, through the upregulator NF-kB, they can induce a chronic inflammatory state representing an elevated risk for cell transformation to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Speranza
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - M.A. De Lutiis
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - Y.B. Shaik
- Department of Oral Biology and Periodontology Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA - USA
| | - M. Felaco
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - A. Patruno
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - A. Tetè
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - F. Mastrangelo
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - B. Madhappan
- Pharmacology Department, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA - USA
| | | | - F. Conti
- Gynecology Section, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - J. Vecchiet
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Pharmacology Department, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA - USA
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - A. Grilli
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
- Leonardo da Vinci Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina (Chieti) - Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papazahariadou M, Athanasiadis GI, Papadopoulos E, Symeonidou I, Hatzistilianou M, Castellani ML, Bhattacharya K, Shanmugham LN, Conti P, Frydas S. Involvement of NK Cells against Tumors and Parasites. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:144-53. [PMID: 17549670 DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Host resistance against pathogens depends on a complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Acting as an early line of defence, the immune system includes activation of neutrophils, tissue macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are lymphoid cells that can be activated without previous stimulation and are therefore like macrophages in the first line of defence against tumor cells and a diverse range of pathogens. NK cells mediate significant activity and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection. Their cytotoxicity production is induced principally by monocyte-, macrophage- and dendritic cell-derived cytokines, but their activation is also believed to be cytokine-mediated. Recognition of infection by NK cells is accomplished by numerous activating and inhibitory receptors on the NK cells’ surface that selectively trigger the cytolytic activity in a major histocompability complex-independent manner. NK cells have trypanocidal activity of fibroblast cells and mediate direct destruction of extracellular epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi and T. lewisi in vitro; moreover, they kill plasmodia-infected erythrocytes directly through cell-cell interaction. This review provides a more detailed analysis of how NK cells recognize and respond to parasites and how they mediate cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Also the unique role of NK cells in innate immunity to infection and the relationship between parasites and carcinogenesis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Papazahariadou
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, Aristotele University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pappalardo S, Puzzo S, Cappello V, Mastrangelo F, Adamo G, Caraffa A, Tetè S. The Efficacy of Four Ways of Administrating Dexamethasone during Surgical Extraction of Partially Impacted Lower Third Molars. EUR J INFLAMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0700500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are drugs noted for their potent anti-inflammatory effect and long lasting half-life. Various studies have been carried out to identify which of these molecules is best for reducing the post-operative sequelae after surgical extraction of the impacted lower third molar. This study examines four different ways of administering dexamethasone after surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars: endoalveolar application, submucous injection, intravenous administration and intramuscular injection, with the aim of identifying which method gives the least discomfort to the patient in regard to reduction of pain, edema and post-operative lock-jaw. Results show that a greater reduction of the post-operative sequelae was obtained in the group of patients treated with dexamethasone intravenously. Satisfying results were also obtained in the group treated with a topical administration of dexamethasone in powder form and in the group which was given dexamethasone through an intramuscular injection. These last two groups had similar results. Instead, the results obtained in the group that received dexamethasone through local submucous injection were not satisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - F. Mastrangelo
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy
| | | | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Tetè
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castellani ML, Bhattacharya K, Tagen M, Kempuraj D, Perrella A, De Lutiis M, Boucher W, Conti P, Theoharides TC, Cerulli G, Salini V, Neri G. Anti-chemokine therapy for inflammatory diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:447-53. [PMID: 17880758 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are inflammatory proteins acting via G-protein coupled chemokine receptors that trigger different signaling pathways. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (CCL5/RANTES) are the two major members of the CC chemokine beta subfamily. The roles of RANTES and MCP-1 are emerging in regulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissue during inflammation. The inhibition of MCP-1 and RANTES with corresponding antibodies or other inhibitors may provide benefits in different clinical scenarios including cancer, inflammation, CNS disorders, parasitic disease, autoimmune and heart diseases. RANTES and MCP-1 may represent targets for diagnostic procedures and therapeutic intervention, and may be useful as a prognostic factor in the above diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Castellani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Science of Ageing, University of Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carinci F, Arcelli D, Lo Muzio L, Francioso F, Valentini D, Evangelisti R, Volinia S, D'Angelo A, Meroni G, Zollo M, Pastore A, Ionna F, Mastrangelo F, Conti P, Tetè S. Molecular classification of nodal metastasis in primary larynx squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Res 2007; 150:233-45. [PMID: 17900511 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Classification and prognosis of larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) depends on clinical and histopathological examination. Currently, expression profiling harbors the potential to investigate, classify, and better manage cancer. Gene expression profiles of 22 primary LSCCs were analyzed by microarrays containing 19,200 cDNAs. GOAL functionally classified differentially expressed genes, and a novel "in silico" procedure identified physical gene clusters differentially transcribed. A signature of 158 genes differentiated tumors with nodal metastasis. A novel statistical method allowed categorization of metastatic tumors into 2 distinct subgroups of differential gene expression patterns. Among genes correlated to nodal metastatic progression, we verified in vitro that NM23-H3 reduced cell motility and TRIM8 were a growth suppressor. Six chromosomal regions were specifically downregulated in metastatic tumors. This large-scale gene expression analysis in LSCC provides information on changes in genomic activity associated with lymphonodal metastasis and identifies molecules that might prove useful as novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Prognosis
- RNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Up-Regulation/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carinci
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niu Q, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Niu P, He S, Di Gioacchino M, Conti P, Boscolo P. The relationship between Bcl-2 gene expression and learning & memory impairment in chronic aluminum-exposed rats. Neurotox Res 2007; 12:163-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03033913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
7
|
Castellani ML, Shaik YB, Perrella A, Frydas S, Simeonidou I, Salini V, Tetè S, Conti CM, Vecchiet J, Theoharides TC, Conti P, De Lutiis MA. Expression and secretion of CXCL8 (IL-8), release of tryptase and transcription of histidine decarboxylase mRNA by anti-IgE-activated human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells. Neuroimmunomodulation 2007; 14:97-104. [PMID: 17713357 DOI: 10.1159/000107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of cytokine receptors and alterations in cytokines are thought to play important roles in neuronal dysfunction and in the pathogenesis of the nervous system diseases. CXCL8 (IL-8) is a CXC chemokine with chemotactic and inflammatory properties. Chemokines control mast cell infiltration in several inflammatory diseases, including stress and neurological dysfunctions. Using isolated human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells (HUCMC) from hematopoietic stem cells CD34+, mast cells were immunologically activated with anti-IgE at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 microg/ml leading to the dose-dependent production of IL-8 (p < 0.05). The increase in IL-8 mRNA expression was also noted when the cells were treated with anti-IgE at 10 microg/ml for 6 h. Immunologically activated HUCMC provoked the generation of tryptase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also found increased histidine decarboxylase (HDC) expression in activated HUCMC after 6 h of incubation, a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the generation of histamine from histidine. Taken together, these results confirm that anti-IgE-activated mast cells release inflammatory mediators including CXCL8, a CXC chemokine which regulates several biological effects of mast cells, e.g. chemoattraction, and possibly causes cell arrest.
Collapse
|