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Miszczyk M, Jabłońska I, Magrowski Ł, Masri O, Rajwa P. The association between RDW and survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Simple, cheap and convenient? Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:494-499. [PMID: 32477015 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of red-cell distribution width (RDW) on the overall survival (OS) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. Background Development of cancer is connected with an ongoing inflammatory process which is reflected by laboratory indices, such as RDW that can be used as prognostic tools. Material and methods The study group consists of 74 consecutive patients treated with radical radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy for SSC of the tongue at one institution between 2005-2014. RDW was assessed based on routine blood tests done before the start of the treatment. ROC curve was applied to assess value of RDW in prediction of OS, and a cut-off value for further tests was obtained using the Younden index. The survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank testing and Cox regression model. Results The AUC for RDW in ROC analysis was 0.703, and the optimal cut-off value was 13.5%. 5-year OS was significantly lower in patients with RDW ≥ 13.5% compared with patients with RDW < 13.5% (67% vs. 26%, p-value = 0.0005). Additionally, high RDW was associated with a greater odds ratio for 5-year OS in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (3.43, 1.62-7.25; p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that pre-treatment RDW ≥ 13,5% is an indicator of poor overall survival in patients with SCC of the tongue. Since RDW is a cheap and convenient marker, usually routinely assessed during complete blood count tests, it could be further used as an additional prognostic tool in patients with tongue cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Miszczyk
- IIIrd Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Iwona Jabłońska
- IIIrd Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Magrowski
- IIIrd Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Oliwia Masri
- IIIrd Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paweł Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja Street 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Liu J, Zhu X, Yang D, Li R, Jiang J. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Anticancer Activity of Houttuynia cordata Thunb Aerial Stem Extract in Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:160-168. [PMID: 32180441 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1737153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and prevention through diet is one of the ways to control. Houttuynia cordata thunb.(HCT) is a plant having medicine and food function, has many biological properties. However, the effect of food style on the anticancer activity of HCT is not clear. So, we investigate the effect of heat treatment on anticancer activity of HCT. HCT extracts (heated aerial stem, heated subterraneous stem, heated leaves defined as HAS, HSS, HL, respectively, and not heated defined as NAS, NSS, NL, respectively) were obtained, and their inhibited activity were detected by alamar blue assay. The cell apoptosis was detected by DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis. Western blot was performed to test the expression of apoptotic related protein. HCT showed the anticancer activity in four human tumor cell lines. Interestingly, heat treatment could increase the anticancer activity. In SCG-7901 cells, heat treatment increased anticancer activity of AS by 2-14 folds and induced apoptosis through regulating the intrinsic signaling pathways. Intriguingly, the caspase nine specific inhibitor blocked AS-reduced cell viability. Heat treatment increased the anticancer activity of HCT, and can be used as a dietary style for prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Daning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Sasanfar B, Toorang F, Esmaillzadeh A, Zendehdel K. Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet and the risk of breast Cancer in Iran. Nutr J 2019; 18:86. [PMID: 31831005 PMCID: PMC6909448 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on the link between macronutrients and breast cancer have mostly focused on individual macronutrients rather than their combination. This study investigates the association between adherence to a low carbohydrate diet and odds of breast cancer among women. Methods This hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 412 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the past year and 456 apparently healthy controls that were matched in terms of age and residential place. Dietary data was collected using a 168-item validated FFQ. Participants were classified in terms of quintiles of percentages of energy intake from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Then, individuals in the highest quintile of fat and protein intake were given a score of 5 and those in the lowest quintile of these macronutrients were given a score of 1. Participants in the other quintiles of these macronutrients were given the corresponding score. In terms of carbohydrate intake, those in the highest quintile received a score of 1 and those in the lowest quintile received 5. The scores were then summed up to calculate the total low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, which varied from 3 to 15. A higher score meant greater adherence to a low carbohydrate diet. Results The mean age of study participants was 45.2 y and mean BMI was 28.4 kg/m2. Mean LCD score of participants was 8.9 ± 2.5 (8.9 ± 2.6 in cases and 9.0 ± 2.5 in controls). Although no significant association was observed between adherence to the LCD score and odds of breast cancer in the study population, a trend toward significant positive association was seen between consumption of LCD and odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women; after controlling for several potential confounders, individuals in the third quartile of LCD score were 1.94 times more likely to have breast cancer than those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.00, 3.76). This association strengthened after controlling for dietary variables (2.50; 1.18–5.32). Even after further adjustment for BMI, this association remained significant (2.64, 1.23–5.67). No significant relationship was observed in premenopausal women, either before or after controlling for confounders. Conclusion Adherence to LCD may be associated with increased odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sasanfar
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145158, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Toorang
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145158, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145158, Tehran, Iran. .,Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R, Iran. .,Breast Diseases Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, I, Tehran, R, Iran.
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Li M, Xia H, Zheng H, Li Y, Liu J, Hu L, Li J, Ding Y, Pu L, Gui Q, Zheng Y, Zhai Z, Xiong S. Red blood cell distribution width and platelet counts are independent prognostic factors and improve the predictive ability of IPI score in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1084. [PMID: 31711453 PMCID: PMC6849243 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and decreased platelet count (PLT) can be clinically relevant to the prognosis in cancer patients. However, their prognostic values in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) need to be further explored. Methods Healthy donors (n = 130) and patients with DLBCL (n = 349) were included and evaluated retrospectively in this study. The prognostic influence of clinical and pathological factors including RDW and PLT on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were studied by Kaplan-Meier curves. To evaluate the independent prognostic relevance of RDW and PLT, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied. The adjusted IPI model was established based on the results of multivariate analysis, and verified by Harrell’s C statistical analysis. Results Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that an elevated RDW value and thrombocytopenia are poor factors for OS (P < 0.001, P = 0.006) and PFS (P = 0.003, P < 0.001) in DLBCL patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that elevated RDW value (HR = 2.026, 95%CI = 1.263–3.250, P = 0.003) and decreased PLT count (HR =1.749, 95%CI = 1.010–3.028, P = 0.046) were both independent prognostic factors. The c-index of IPI and NCCN-IPI were increased when RDW level and PLT were supplemented in our cohort. Conclusions Our study shows that elevated RDW level and decreased PLT are independent poor prognostic factors in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients. Adding RDW and PLT to the IPI score may improve its predictive ability, and the adjusted IPI may be more powerful in predicting the survival of DLBCL patients in the rituximab era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Li
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Xia
- Department of Hematology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhui Hu
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrong Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical university, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianfang Pu
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianle Gui
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudao Xiong
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, People's Republic of China. .,Hematology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China.
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Yogo T, Okazuka K, Nashimoto J, Uto Y, Sato K, Miyazaki K, Ogura M, Yoshiki Y, Abe Y, Tsukada N, Ishida T, Suzuki K. Red blood cell distribution width is a simple and novel biomarker for survival in light-chain amyloidosis. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:431-437. [PMID: 31236823 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been used for the differential diagnosis of anemia, but high RDW may also be associated with several human disorders. We evaluated the prognostic relevance of RDW in patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. We retrospectively analyzed all patients with AL amyloidosis who were newly diagnosed at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center between December 2011 and June 2018. RDW was evaluated in 94 patients; 48% (n = 45) of patients had a high RDW (≥ 13.8%) and 52% (n = 49) had a low RDW (< 13.8%). Overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in patients with a high RDW (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, increased RDW was an independent predictor for OS. Even in patients without cardiac amyloidosis, the OS was significantly lower in the high-RDW group (P = 0.0064). The survival rate of high-RDW patients without cardiac involvement was as poor as that of patients with cardiac involvement. In addition, in patients with revised Mayo stage I or a normal level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, high RDW was negatively correlated with OS (P = 0.0086, 0.025). RDW is a simple and strong predictor of early death, and is a prognostic biomarker in patients with AL amyloidosis without cardiac involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yogo
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Okazuka
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Nashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Uto
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanji Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ogura
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshiki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Abe
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsukada
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Frankincense essential oil suppresses melanoma cancer through down regulation of Bcl-2/Bax cascade signaling and ameliorates heptotoxicity via phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3472-3490. [PMID: 31191820 PMCID: PMC6544398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly form of malignancy and according to the World Health Organization 132,000 new cases of melanoma are diagnosed worldwide each year. Surgical resection and chemo/drug treatments opted for early and late stage of melanoma respectively, however detrimental post surgical and chemotherapy consequences are inevitable. Noticeably melanoma drug treatments are associated with liver injuries such as hepatitis and cholestasis which are very common. Alleviation of these clinical manifestations with better treatment options would enhance prognosis status and patients survival. Natural products which induce cytotoxicity with minimum side effects are of interest to achieve high therapeutic efficiency. In this study we investigated anti-melanoma and hepatoprotective activities of frankincense essential oil (FEO) in both in vitro and in vivo models. Pretreatment with FEO induce a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the cell viability of mouse (B16-F10) and human melanoma (FM94) but not in the normal human epithelial melanocytes (HNEM). Immunoblot analysis showed that FEO induces down regulation of Bcl-2 and up regulation of BAX in B16-F10 cells whereas in FM94 cells FEO induced dose-dependent cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 9 and PARP. Furthermore, FEO (10 μg/ml) treatment down regulated MCL1 in a time-dependent manner in FM94 cells. In vivo toxicity analysis reveals that weekly single dose of FEO (1200 mg/kg body weight) did not elicit detrimental effect on body weight during four weeks of experimental period. Histology of tissue sections also indicated that there were no observable histopathologic differences in the brain, heart, liver, and kidney compare to control groups. FEO (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) treatments significantly reduced the tumor burden in C57BL/6 mice melanoma model. Acetaminophen (750 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce hepatic injury in Swiss albino mice. Pre treatment with FEO (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) for seven days retained hematology (complete blood count), biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALK, total bilirubin, total protein, glucose, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol and triglyceride), and the level of phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450, cytochromeb5, glutathione-S-transferase) which were obstructed by the administration of acetaminophen. Further liver histology showed that FEO treatments reversed the damages (central vein dilation, hemorrhage, and nuclei condensation) caused by acetaminophen. In conclusion, FEO elicited marked anti-melanoma in both in vitro and in vivo with a significant heptoprotection.
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Red Cell Distribution Width Predicts Prostate-Specific Antigen Response and Survival of Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Receptor Axis-Targeted Agents. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:223-230. [PMID: 31080022 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the impact of red cell distribution width (RDW) on treatment outcomes in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with androgen receptor axis-targeted agents (ARATs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Baseline data were obtained from 153 patients with CRPC treated with ARATs. Patients were stratified according to the upper limit of the normal RDW range, measured within 1 month before starting treatment. Relationships between RDW levels and the best prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, PSA progression-free survival, and overall survival were examined. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were treated with abiraterone acetate in combination with corticosteroid and 104 with enzalutamide. The median RDW was 13.7% (interquartile range, 13.0-14.9). High RDW was significantly associated with prior use of docetaxel (P < .001), presence of lymph node metastasis (P = .031), presence of visceral metastasis (P = .001), and low hemoglobin (P < .001), low albumin (P = .016), and high C-reactive protein levels (P = .02). In a multiple linear regression model, there was a statistically significant negative association between RDW levels and the best PSA response (P = .046). In addition, multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that high RDW was an independent predictor of both shorter PSA progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.27; P = .037) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-5.98; P = .022), showing statistical significance. CONCLUSION High RDW is an independent predictor of worse treatment outcomes in patients with CRPC treated with ARATs. RDW could be a readily available and inexpensive biomarker for predicting primary resistance to ARATs.
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Ge W, Xie J, Chang L. Elevated red blood cell distribution width predicts poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3611-3618. [PMID: 30271209 PMCID: PMC6152606 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s176200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been reported to reflect inflammation and nutritional status and to predict prognosis in several different types of cancer, little is known about how RDW might be related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative RDW in OSCC patients. Materials and methods We included 236 OSCC patients from Jinan Stomatological Hospital (Shandong, People’s Republic of China) in this retrospective study. All enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups: high RDW (≥15%) and low RDW (<15%) according to the detected RDW values. The correlation of RDW and clinical characteristics was explored, and the prognostic significance of RDW evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The pretreatment median RDW among all OSCC patients was 14.4%, with a range from 11.6% to 24.5%. The RDW was found to be significantly correlated with node metastasis, tumor length, and TNM stage (P<0.05 for all). As for biochemical parameters, the results showed that higher RDW values were significantly associated with hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell count, albumin, and C-reactive protein (P<0.01 for all). A significant association of RDW with the tumor marker cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA21-1) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) was also observed (P=0.02, and P=0.03; respectively). Moreover, patients with higher RDW were more likely to receive postoperative therapy (P=0.02). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that a high RDW was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P<0.01), especially in the early stages (I–II). Multivariate analysis revealed that an elevated RDW at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor for shorter OS (HR =1.46, 95% CI: 1.13–2.86) after adjustment for other cancer-related prognostic factors. Conclusion These data suggest that an elevated preoperative RDW (≥15%) at diagnosis may independently predict poorer OS in patients with OSCC, but better-designed studies in the future should be performed to further confirm the value of monitoring RDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Ge
- Department of Special Clinic, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Xie
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianzhen Chang
- Medical Department, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
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Li D, Hao X, Li J, Wu Z, Chen S, Lin J, Li X, Dong Y, Na Z, Zhang Y, Dai H, Song Y. Dose-response relation between dietary inflammatory index and human cancer risk: evidence from 44 epidemiologic studies involving 1,082,092 participants. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:371-388. [PMID: 29566194 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A newly developed dietary inflammatory index (DII) to evaluate the inflammatory potential of diets was published recently. Many studies have investigated the link between diet-related inflammation and human cancer risk, but the results remain controversial. Objective We sought to determine the dose-response relation between DII and human cancer risk based on published epidemiologic literature. Design To summarize evidence, we performed a dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the association between DII and cancer incidence. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library up to 5 November 2017. After data extraction, pooled RRs were calculated and dose-response analyses were performed using a restricted cubic spline model with 4 knots. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and tests for publication bias were also performed. Results In all, 44 high-quality studies with 1,082,092 participants were included. The results showed that an elevated DII (continuous-RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.16; category DIIhighest vs lowest-RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.45, 1.72) independently indicated higher cancer risk except for lung cancer and Australian studies. A linear dose-response relation between DII and overall cancer risk was found, with an 8.3% increase in the risk of cancer per DII score. The pooled RR of DII and cancer risk was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.63, 2.13) from 30 case-control studies but was lower in 14 prospective cohorts (RR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.40). The sensitivity analysis and Egger's test supported the main results. Conclusions Our analysis indicated that higher DII is significantly correlated with cancer risk. More prospective studies with large sample sizes, involving more ethnic groups and different cancer types, are required in the future. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42017077075.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenhai Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zejiang, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhijing Na
- The Second Clinical Academy of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Huixu Dai
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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Hu L, Li M, Ding Y, Pu L, Liu J, Xie J, Cabanero M, Li J, Xiang R, Xiong S. Prognostic value of RDW in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16027-16035. [PMID: 27926498 PMCID: PMC5362543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a parameter that used to differentiate the type of anemia for several decades, recent studies suggest it was a prognostic factor in various types of cancer patients. However, the prognostic value of RDW in cancer patients remains controversial. Here, we performed a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the prognostic value of RDW in cancer patients. Relevant studies were picked out from the databases of Web of Science, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library. A total of 16 papers with 4267 patients were included in this meta-analysis, and the combined results indicated that elevated RDW was associated with poor over survival (OS) (HR = 1.47, 95%CI:1.29-1.66), poor cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 1.46, 95%CI:1.08-1.85), poor disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.91, 95%CI:1.27-2.56), poor event-free survival (EFS) (HR = 2.98, 95%CI:0.57-5.39) and poor progress-free survival (PFS) (HR = 3.21, 95%CI:0.33-6.75) after treatment. Furthermore, the similar results were observed in subgroup analysis stratified by cancer type, cutoff value of RDW, sample size and ethnicity. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated that RDW may be a potential prognostic marker in patients with cancer, and high RDW may also be associated with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Hu
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Li
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianfang Pu
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Cabanero
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jingrong Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical university, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Xiang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudao Xiong
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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11
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Deoxyarbutin displays antitumour activity against melanoma in vitro and in vivo through a p38-mediated mitochondria associated apoptotic pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7197. [PMID: 28775302 PMCID: PMC5543205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyarbutin (DeoxyArbutin, dA), a natural compound widely used in skin lighting, displayed selectively cytotoxicity in vitro. In the study, we found that dA significantly inhibited viability/proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cells, induced tumour cell arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, dA triggered its pro-apoptosis through damaging the mitochondrial function (membrane potential loss, ATP depletion and ROS overload generation etc.) and activating caspase-9, PARP, caspase-3 and the phosphorylation of p38. Treatment with p38 agonist confirmed the involvement of p38 pathway triggered by dA in B16F10 cells. The in vivo finding also revealed that administration of dA significantly decreased the tumour volume and tumour metastasis in B16F10 xenograft model by inhibiting tumour proliferation and inducing tumour apoptosis. Importantly, the results indicated that dA was specific against tumour cell lines and had no observed systemic toxicity in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrated that dA could combate tumour in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of tumour via a p38-mediated mitochondria associated apoptotic pathway.
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12
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Montagnani Marelli M, Marzagalli M, Moretti RM, Beretta G, Casati L, Comitato R, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Limonta P. Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30502. [PMID: 27461002 PMCID: PMC4996065 DOI: 10.1038/srep30502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin cancer. Drug toxicity and resistance represent a serious challange for melanoma treatments. Evidence demonstrates that natural compounds may play a crucial role in cancer prevention, growth and progression. Vitamin E tocotrienols (TT) were shown to possess antitumor activity. Here, we analyzed the effects of δ-TT on melanoma cell growth and the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this activity. The experiments were performed on human melanoma cell lines, BLM and A375. δ-TT exerted a significant proapoptotic effect on both cell lines, involving the intrinsic apoptosis pathway; importantly, this compound did not affect the viability of normal human melanocytes. In melanoma cells, δ-TT exerted its antitumor effect through activation of the PERK/p-eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP, IRE1α and caspase-4 ER stress-related branches. Salubrinal, an inhibitor of the ER stress, counteracted the cytotoxic activity of δ-TT. In vivo experiments performed in nude mice bearing A375 xenografts evidenced that δ-TT reduces tumor volume and tumor mass; importantly, tumor progression was significantly delayed by δ-TT treatment. In conclusion, δ-TT exerts a proapoptotic activity on melanoma cells, through activation of the ER stress-related pathways. δ-TT might represent an effective option for novel chemopreventive/therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberta M. Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Roma, 00178, Italy
| | - Giovanni L. Gravina
- Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
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13
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Yuan XL, Li Y, Pan XH, Zhou M, Gao QY, Li MC. Production of recombinant human interleukin-38 and its inhibitory effect on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Wan GX, Chen P, Cai XJ, Li LJ, Yu XJ, Pan DF, Wang XH, Wang XB, Cao FJ. Elevated red cell distribution width contributes to a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 452:199-203. [PMID: 26633854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red cell distribution width (RDW) has also been reported to reliably reflect the inflammation and nutrition status and predict the prognosis across several types of cancer, however, the prognostic value of RDW in esophageal carcinoma has seldom been studied. METHODS A retrospective study was performed to assess the prognostic value of RDW in patients with esophageal carcinoma by the Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression proportional hazard model. All enrolled patients were divided into high RDW group (≧15%) and low RDW group (<15%) according to the detected RDW values. RESULTS Clinical and laboratory data from a total of 179 patients with esophageal carcinoma were retrieved. With a median follow-up of 21months, the high RDW group exhibited a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (p<0.001) and an unfavorable overall survival (OS) (p<0.001) in the univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis revealed that elevated RDW at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor for shorter PFS (p=0.043, HR=1.907, 95% CI=1.020-3.565) and poor OS (p=0.042, HR=1.895, 95% CI=1.023-3.508) after adjustment with other cancer-related prognostic factors. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that elevated preoperative RDW(≧15%) at the diagnosis may independently predict poorer disease-free and overall survival among patients with esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xing Wan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Lin-Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Feng Pan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-He Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan-Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Feng-Jun Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China.
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15
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Kang M, Jeong CW, Ku JH, Kwak C, Kim HH. Hypertriglyceridemia is a potential preoperative predictor for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122438. [PMID: 25803284 PMCID: PMC4372604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Many previous studies have suggested that the outcome of prostate cancer (PCa) may be closely related to abnormal lipid metabolism. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the preoperative lipid profiles of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), with particular emphasis on the relationship between these profiles and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Patients and Methods We evaluated 715 consecutive men with clinically localized PCa who underwent RP at our institution between January 2011 and December 2013. We defined hypertriglyceridemia as a fasting serum triglyceride (TG) level greater than 200 mg/dL. We used the Kaplan—Meier method to predict BCR-free survival and applied the log-rank test to determine the statistical significance between survival curves. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) models were used to identify the significant predictors of BCR according to clinicopathological variables. Results Of 663 patients who underwent RP for clinically localized PCa, 66 (10.0%) showed BCR during a median follow-up period of 21 months. Patients without BCR had higher levels of serum TG, and patients with hypertriglyceridemia were significantly more likely to achieve BCR-free survival in the Kaplan—Meier analysis (log-rank test, P = 0.009). In the multivariable analysis, the presence of hypertriglyceridemia (HR 0.22), pathologic Gleason score (≥8; HR 2.85), pathologic T stage (≥pT3; HR 3.44), and a positive surgical margin (HR, 2.39) were still significant BCR predictors. Conclusions We found that preoperative hypertriglyceridemia was associated with a lower risk of BCR after RP in patients with clinically localized PCa. Our results could help to clarify the currently conflicting evidence on the relationship between serum lipid profiles, particularly the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, and the risk of BCR in PC a patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choel Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Randomization to plant-based dietary approaches leads to larger short-term improvements in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and macronutrient intake compared with diets that contain meat. Nutr Res 2014; 35:97-106. [PMID: 25532675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies have examined nutrient differences among people following different plant-based diets. However, all of these studies have been observational. The aim of the present study was to examine differences in nutrient intake and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores among overweight and obese (body mass index 25.0-49.9 kg/m(2)) adults randomized to receive dietary instruction on a vegan (n = 12), vegetarian (n = 13), pescovegetarian (n = 13), semivegetarian (n = 13), or omnivorous (n = 12) diet during a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and DII score were assessed via two 24-hour dietary recalls (Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall) at baseline and at 2 and 6 months. Differences in nutrient intake and the DII were examined using general linear models with follow-up tests at each time point. We hypothesized that individuals randomized to the vegan diet would have lower DII scores and greater improvements in fiber, carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol at both 2 and 6 months as compared with the other 4 diets. Participants randomized to the vegan diet had significantly greater changes in most macronutrients at both time points, including fat and saturated fat, as well as cholesterol and, at 2 months, fiber, as compared with most of the other diet groups (Ps < .05). Vegan, vegetarian, and pescovegetarian participants all saw significant improvements in the DII score as compared with semivegetarian participants at 2 months (Ps < .05) with no differences at 6 months. Given the greater impact on macronutrients and the DII during the short term, finding ways to provide support for adoption and maintenance of plant-based dietary approaches, such as vegan and vegetarian diets, should be given consideration.
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17
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Griggs AM, Agim ZS, Mishra VR, Tambe MA, Director-Myska AE, Turteltaub KW, McCabe GP, Rochet JC, Cannon JR. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is selectively toxic to primary dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:179-89. [PMID: 24718704 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Much data has linked the etiology of PD to a variety of environmental factors. The majority of cases are thought to arise from a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Chronic exposures to dietary factors, including meat, have been identified as potential risk factors. Although heterocyclic amines that are produced during high-temperature meat cooking are known to be carcinogenic, their effect on the nervous system has yet to be studied in depth. In this study, we investigated neurotoxic effects of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a highly abundant heterocyclic amine in cooked meat, in vitro. We tested toxicity of PhIP and the two major phase I metabolites, N-OH-PhIP and 4'-OH-PhIP, using primary mesencephalic cultures from rat embryos. This culture system contains both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neurons, which allows specificity of neurotoxicity to be readily examined. We find that exposure to PhIP or N-OH-PhIP is selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures, resulting in a decreased percentage of dopaminergic neurons. Neurite length is decreased in surviving dopaminergic neurons. Exposure to 4'-OH-PhIP did not produce significant neurotoxicity. PhIP treatment also increased formation of oxidative damage markers, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosine in dopaminergic neurons. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine was protective. Finally, treatment with blueberry extract, a dietary factor with known antioxidant and other protective mechanisms, prevented PhIP-induced toxicity. Collectively, our study suggests, for the first time, that PhIP is selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons likely through inducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Griggs
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Cook MED Institute, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| | - Zeynep S Agim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Vartika R Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Mitali A Tambe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Alison E Director-Myska
- Chemical/Biological Technologies, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Biosciences & Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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18
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Huang M, Narita S, Inoue T, Tsuchiya N, Satoh S, Nanjo H, Sasaki T, Habuchi T. Diet-induced macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 promotes prostate cancer progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:39-50. [PMID: 24344250 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that a high-fat diet (HFD) plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Palmitic acid (PA) is one of the most abundant saturated free fatty acids (FAs) and is associated with carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the association of dietary fat, including PA, with PCa progression. In four PCa cell lines, in vitro PA administration stimulated the expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC1), which is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β family. In vivo, LNCaP xenograft tumor growth, serum MIC1 levels, and FA levels in xenograft tumors were significantly higher in mice receiving an HFD containing high amounts of PA than in those receiving a low-fat diet (LFD). In addition, tumor cells with high MIC1 expression invaded to venules and lymph vessels in the LNCaP xenograft. In vitro studies showed that proliferation and invasive capacity were significantly higher in PCa cells cultured with serum from HFD-fed mice than in those cultured with the serum from LFD-fed mice. This effect was attenuated by the addition of neutralizing antibodies against MIC1, but not by isotype control antibodies. Clinically, serum MIC1 levels were significantly higher in PCa patients than in healthy controls, and higher levels were associated with higher pathological grade and obesity. In conclusion, our results indicate that an HFD containing PA may promote growth and invasiveness of PCa cells through the upregulation of MIC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguo Huang
- Department of Urology Research Center for Biosignal Department of Clinical Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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19
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Simone BA, Champ CE, Rosenberg AL, Berger AC, Monti DA, Dicker AP, Simone NL. Selectively starving cancer cells through dietary manipulation: methods and clinical implications. Future Oncol 2014; 9:959-76. [PMID: 23837760 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the link between obesity and metabolic syndrome and cancer becomes clearer, the need to determine the optimal way to incorporate dietary manipulation in the treatment of cancer patients becomes increasingly important. Metabolic-based therapies, such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting and a ketogenic diet, have the ability to decrease the incidence of spontaneous tumors and slow the growth of primary tumors, and may have an effect on distant metastases in animal models. Despite the abundance of preclinical data demonstrating the benefit of dietary modification for cancer, to date there are few clinical trials targeting diet as an intervention for cancer patients. We hypothesize that this may be due, in part, to the fact that several different types of diet modification exist with no clear recommendations regarding the optimal method. This article will delineate three commonly used methods of dietary manipulation to assess the potential of each as a regimen for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center & Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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You JS, Lee YJ, Kim KS, Kim SH, Chang KJ. Ethanol extract of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) root exhibits an anti-adipogenic effect in human pre-adipocytes and anti-obesity and anti-oxidant effects in rats fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2014; 34:258-67. [PMID: 24655493 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera) root, a well-known medicinal plant in Asia, is reported to have various therapeutic benefits, including anti-diabetes, anti-hypertension, and anti-hyperlipidaemia. We hypothesized that the ethanol extract of lotus root (ELR) would exhibit an anti-adipogenic effect in human pre-adipocytes as well as anti-obesity and anti-oxidant effects in rats fed a high-fat diet. Treatment with ELR in human pre-adipocytes resulted in inhibition of lipid accumulation and attenuated expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adipocyte marker genes, such as glucose transporter 4 and leptin. Administration of ELR resulted in a significant decrease in relative weights of adipose tissues in rats fed a high-fat diet. Consumption of a high-fat diet resulted in an increase in serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels; however, administration of ELR resulted in a decrease in the levels of TC and TG. Administration of ELR resulted in a decrease in the level of serum leptin and insulin. Administration of ELR in rats fed a high-fat diet resulted in a decrease in hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, elevated by a high-fat diet and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity and hepatic glutathione content. These results suggest that lotus root exerts anti-oxidant and anti-obesity effects and could be used as a functional and nutraceutical ingredient in combatting obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Soon You
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ju Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Kim
- East-west Bone & Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea.
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Guo L, Xiao Y, Wang Y. Hexavalent chromium-induced alteration of proteomic landscape in human skin fibroblast cells. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3511-8. [PMID: 23718831 DOI: 10.1021/pr400375p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] generated during industrial processes is carcinogenic. Although much is known about the deleterious effects caused by reactive oxygen species generated during the reduction of Cr(VI) after its absorption by biological systems, the precise mechanisms underlying Cr(VI) cytotoxicity remain poorly defined. Here, we analyzed, at the global proteome scale, the perturbation of protein expression in GM00637 human skin fibroblast cells upon exposure to potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇). We were able to quantify ∼4600 unique proteins, among which ∼400 exhibited significant alterations in expression levels upon a 24-h treatment with 0.5 μM K₂Cr₂O₇. Pathway analysis revealed the Cr(VI)-induced perturbation of cholesterol biosynthesis, G-protein signaling, inflammatory response, and selenoprotein pathways. In particular, we discovered that the K₂Cr₂O₇ treatment led to pronouncedly elevated expression of a large number of enzymes involved in de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. Real-time PCR analysis revealed the increased mRNA expression of selected genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Consistently, K₂Cr₂O₇ treatment resulted in marked increases in cellular cholesterol level in multiple cell lines. Moreover, the Cr(VI)-induced growth inhibition of cultured human cells could be rescued by a cholesterol-lowering drug, lovastatin. Together, we demonstrated, for the first time, that Cr(VI) may exert its cytotoxic effect, at least partly, through the up-regulation of enzymes involved in de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and the resultant increase of cholesterol level in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
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Nilsson LM, Winkvist A, Johansson I, Lindahl B, Hallmans G, Lenner P, Guelpen BV. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet score and risk of incident cancer; a prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2013; 12:58. [PMID: 23651548 PMCID: PMC3654894 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although carbohydrate reduction of varying degrees is a popular and controversial dietary trend, potential long-term effects for health, and cancer in specific, are largely unknown. METHODS We studied a previously established low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) score in relation to the incidence of cancer and specific cancer types in a population-based cohort in northern Sweden. Participants were 62,582 men and women with up to 17.8 years of follow-up (median 9.7), including 3,059 prospective cancer cases. Cox regression analyses were performed for a LCHP score based on the sum of energy-adjusted deciles of carbohydrate (descending) and protein (ascending) intake labeled 1 to 10, with higher scores representing a diet lower in carbohydrates and higher in protein. Important potential confounders were accounted for, and the role of metabolic risk profile, macronutrient quality including saturated fat intake, and adequacy of energy intake reporting was explored. RESULTS For the lowest to highest LCHP scores, 2 to 20, carbohydrate intakes ranged from median 60.9 to 38.9% of total energy intake. Both protein (primarily animal sources) and particularly fat (both saturated and unsaturated) intakes increased with increasing LCHP scores. LCHP score was not related to cancer risk, except for a non-dose-dependent, positive association for respiratory tract cancer that was statistically significant in men. The multivariate hazard ratio for medium (9-13) versus low (2-8) LCHP scores was 1.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.05-3.23; p-trend = 0.38). Other analyses were largely consistent with the main results, although LCHP score was associated with colorectal cancer risk inversely in women with high saturated fat intakes, and positively in men with higher LCHP scores based on vegetable protein. CONCLUSION These largely null results provide important information concerning the long-term safety of moderate carbohydrate reduction and consequent increases in protein and, in this cohort, especially fat intakes. In order to determine the effects of stricter carbohydrate restriction, further studies encompassing a wider range of macronutrient intakes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Maria Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine,Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | | | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
| | - Per Lenner
- Department of Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Oncological Center, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
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