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Zhang J, Bloom I, Westbury LD, Bevilacqua G, Ward KA, Barker M, Lawrence W, Cooper C, Dennison EM. A Healthy Conversation Skills intervention to support changes to physical activity and dietary behaviours in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspect Public Health 2024:17579139241262657. [PMID: 39087388 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241262657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are important determinants of health in late adulthood. However, low levels of PA and poor nutrition are common in older adults and have become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesised that Healthy Conversation Skills could be used to support health behaviour changes beneficial for health in older adults and thus conducted a study nested within the UK Hertfordshire Cohort Study. METHODS Between November 2019 and March 2020, 176 participants were visited at home. A trained researcher administered a questionnaire and undertook anthropometric and physical performance tests. A total of 89 participants were randomised to the control group and received a healthy living leaflet; 87 participants in the intervention group were interviewed using Healthy Conversation Skills at the initial visit with follow-up telephone calls at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. Follow-up at 1 year by postal questionnaire assessed change in PA and diet. In total, 155 participants (79 control and 76 intervention) completed the baseline and 1-year follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, median (lower quartile, upper quartile) age (years) was 83.1 (81.5, 85.5) and median PA time (min/day) from walking, cycling and sports was 30.0 (15.0, 60.0). In total, 95% of participants completed the intervention; the total response rate for postal questionnaires was 94%. There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes between the trial arms. In women, there was a tendency for greater increases in diet quality in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.075), while among men, there was a tendency for reduced decline in self-reported physical function in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.081). CONCLUSION We have shown that it is viable to utilise Healthy Conversation Skills via telephone to promote healthier lifestyles in older adults. Larger appropriately powered studies to determine the efficacy of such an intervention are now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - I Bloom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - L D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK
| | - G Bevilacqua
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK
| | - K A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - W Lawrence
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Rodríguez-Vera D, Salazar JR, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Guzmán-Pérez J, Vergara-Castañeda A, Muñoz-Durán H, Ramírez-Velez GL, Vivar-Sierra A, Naranjo-Navarro CR, Meza-Meneses PA, Loza-Mejía MA, Pinto-Almazán R. Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19. Diseases 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38248379 PMCID: PMC10814050 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. Notably, optimal nutrition impacts immune system function, as malnutrition is related to high cytokine levels in the late phase of the disease, correlating with a poor prognosis. In this sense, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. O3FAs are linked to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluate the administration of O3FAs to unvaccinated Mexican patients for two weeks starting after the first two hours of hospitalization. RESULTS The findings support the notion that O3FAs (in a dose high enough to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time, one capsule of 1.4 g O3FAs daily) exert a comprehensive multi-systemic modulatory influence, affecting inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Significant perturbations in biomarkers, including absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and platelet indices, underscore the compound's anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrently, the intervention modulates pivotal metabolic and hepatic parameters, attenuating cardiovascular risk profiles and expediting patient convalescence. These multifarious effects are likely orchestrated through intricate biochemical mechanisms and are subject to individual variations predicated on metabolic factors. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial support the notion that O3FA supplementation has beneficial effects on COVID-19 patients with moderate presentation by regulating metabolism and limiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Vera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Juan Rodrigo Salazar
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Jessica Guzmán-Pérez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Arely Vergara-Castañeda
- Promotion and Education for Health and Food Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Muñoz-Durán
- Environmental Technology Division and Section of Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl. Cto. Rey Nezahualcóyotl Manzana 10, Benito Juárez, Nezahualcoyotl 57000, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela L. Ramírez-Velez
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Alonso Vivar-Sierra
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Carlos Rogelio Naranjo-Navarro
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Patricia A. Meza-Meneses
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (J.R.S.); (G.L.R.-V.); (A.V.-S.); (C.R.N.-N.)
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.R.-V.); (M.A.S.-U.); (J.G.-P.)
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Zanjari N, Abootalebi M, Delbari A, Abolfathi Momtaz Y. Impact of COVID-19 on Lifestyle: A Sample of Iranian Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:2100-2109. [PMID: 37266995 PMCID: PMC10240291 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231178670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged quarantine affect the health behaviors of older adults. We investigated the changes in older adults' lifestyles during the pandemic in a sample of 1020 people aged 60 years old and over in Tehran. The results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on nutritional behaviors and social support while having a negative impact on physical activity and anxiety in older adults. Due to the greater deterioration of health behaviors among unmarried older adults, low socio-economic status, and COVID-19 inpatients, policymakers must pay attention to interventions to promote healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Zanjari
- Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Abootalebi
- Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Delbari
- Research Center on Aging, University of Social and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Laskou F, Bevilacqua G, Westbury LD, Bloom I, Aggarwal P, Cooper C, Patel HP, Dennison E. A study of diet in older community-dwelling adults in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Southampton Longitudinal Study of Ageing (SaLSA). Front Nutr 2022; 9:988575. [PMID: 36712533 PMCID: PMC9880198 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.988575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adequate nutrition is important for health in later life. Older adults are especially vulnerable to adverse outcomes following infection by COVID-19 and have commonly spent a disproportionate time within their own homes to reduce risk of infection. There are concerns that advice to shield may have led to malnutrition as older adults may modify daily routines including usual shopping habits. The aims of this study were to report self-reported pandemic-related changes in diet and examine lifestyle and medical correlates of these changes in older UK community-dwelling adults. Methods We recruited 491 participants from the city of Southampton, UK. Participants completed a postal questionnaire in summer/autumn 2021, over a year after the first UK national lockdown was announced. The questionnaire ascertained demographic and lifestyle factors, in addition to number of comorbidities, nutrition risk scores, and presence of frailty. Associations between these participant characteristics in relation to self-reported changes in diet quality (lower, similar or higher when compared to before the first lockdown) were examined using ordinal logistic regression. Results Median (lower quartile, upper quartile) age was 79.8 (77.0, 83.7) years. Overall, 11 (4.9%) men and 25 (9.4%) women had poorer diet quality compared to before the first UK lockdown. The following participant characteristics were associated with increased risk of being in a worse category for change in diet quality after adjustment for sex: lower educational attainment (p = 0.009); higher BMI (p < 0.001); higher DETERMINE (a malnutrition assessment) score (p = 0.004); higher SARC-F score (p = 0.013); and self-reported exhaustion in the previous week on at least 3 days (p = 0.002). Conclusions Individuals at higher nutritional risk were identified as reporting increased risk of deterioration in diet quality during the pandemic. Further investigation of the factors leading to these changes, and an understanding of whether they are reversible will be important, especially for future pandemic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidra Laskou
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gregorio Bevilacqua
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ilse Bloom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Harnish P Patel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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