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LaVela SL, Motl RW, Berryman K, Wirth M, Bartle B, Aguina K, Solanki P, Bombardier CH. Facilitators to alleviate loneliness and social isolation as identified by individuals with spinal cord injuries and disorders: A qualitative study. Rehabil Psychol 2024; 69:264-274. [PMID: 38271018 PMCID: PMC11269529 DOI: 10.1037/rep0000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Individuals with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D) are at increased risk for experiencing loneliness and social isolation. The aim is to describe facilitators identified by individuals living with SCI/D to alleviate loneliness and perceived social isolation. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN Descriptive qualitative design using in-depth interviews with veterans with SCI/D (n = 23). Descriptive statistics was used to calculate demographic and injury characteristics. Audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim transcripts were coded and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six thematic analysis phases. RESULTS Participants were male (70%), white (78%), and not currently married (35%), with an average age of 66 years (42-88). Participants had paraplegia (61%), with traumatic etiology (65%) and were injured 14 years (1-45) on average. Eight themes were identified by participants living with SCI/D that described facilitators to alleviate loneliness and perceived social isolation. (a) Engage in/pursue interests; (b) Interact with/spend time with others; (c) Embrace acceptance; (d) Take part in reciprocity; (e) Find a purpose/accomplish goals; (f) Get out of residence, get outside; (g) Connect with SCI/D community/SCI/D peers; and (h) Seek help from (mental) healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Individuals with SCI/D identified facilitators to alleviate loneliness that encompasses changes in ways of thinking, actions to expand participation in life, and efforts focused on involving others. Findings can be used to guide healthcare delivery and develop interventions to target feelings of loneliness and social isolation in persons with SCI/D, which may be particularly impactful if they involve reciprocal interactions with peers with SCI/D. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L. LaVela
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert W. Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Kelsey Berryman
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Marissa Wirth
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Bartle
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Keith Aguina
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Pooja Solanki
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
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Zolotareva A, Khegay A, Voevodina E, Kritsky I, Ibragimov R, Nizovskih N, Konstantinov V, Malenova A, Belasheva I, Khodyreva N, Preobrazhensky V, Azanova K, Sarapultseva L, Galimova A, Atamanova I, Kulik A, Neyaskina Y, Lapshin M, Mamonova M, Kadyrov R, Volkova E, Drachkova V, Seryy A, Kosheleva N, Osin E. Optimism, Resilience, and General Self-Efficacy Predict Lower Somatic Burden during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1338. [PMID: 38998872 PMCID: PMC11241252 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is scarce evidence of a relationship between positive and psychosomatic characteristics. This study aimed to examine the associations of somatic burden with psychological resources such as optimism, resilience, and general self-efficacy. Russian participants (n = 1020) completed measures of psychological resources at Time 1 and somatic symptoms at Time 2. The results showed that somatic burden decreased with greater levels of optimism, resilience, and general self-efficacy. Regarding health and sociodemographic characteristics, female sex increased somatic burden in the model with optimism scores, university education decreased somatic burden in the model with resilience scores, and history of COVID-19 disease increased somatic burden in the models with optimism, resilience, and general self-efficacy scores. This study has theoretical and practical contributions. It combines positive psychology and psychosomatic medicine and highlights the value of psychological resource interventions in the treatment and prevention of somatic burden. These findings may be useful for scientists, clinicians, and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Zolotareva
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.V.); (V.P.); (K.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Anna Khegay
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.V.); (V.P.); (K.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Elena Voevodina
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.V.); (V.P.); (K.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Igor Kritsky
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Roman Ibragimov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Nina Nizovskih
- Department of Psychology, Vyatka State University, 610000 Kirov, Russia;
| | | | - Arina Malenova
- Department of General and Social Psychology, Dostoevsky Omsk State University, 644077 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Irina Belasheva
- Department of General Psychology and Personality Psychology, North-Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia;
| | - Natalia Khodyreva
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Vladimir Preobrazhensky
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.V.); (V.P.); (K.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Kristina Azanova
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.V.); (V.P.); (K.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Lilia Sarapultseva
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, 620143 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Almira Galimova
- Department of Theory and Technology of Social Work, Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia;
| | - Inna Atamanova
- Department of Genetic and Clinical Psychology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Kulik
- Department of Theoretical and Practical Psychology, Kamchatka State University Named after Vitus Bering, 683032 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Russia; (A.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yulia Neyaskina
- Department of Theoretical and Practical Psychology, Kamchatka State University Named after Vitus Bering, 683032 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Russia; (A.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Maksim Lapshin
- Department of Sports Improvement, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Marina Mamonova
- Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution Lyceum 11, 454091 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Ruslan Kadyrov
- Department of General Psychological Disciplines, Pacific State Medical University, 690002 Vladivostok, Russia; (R.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Ekaterina Volkova
- Department of General Psychological Disciplines, Pacific State Medical University, 690002 Vladivostok, Russia; (R.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Viktoria Drachkova
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Andrey Seryy
- Department of Psychology, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Natalia Kosheleva
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.V.); (V.P.); (K.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Evgeny Osin
- Laboratory LINP2, University of Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre, France;
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Kastner M, Herrington I, Makarski J, Amog K, Bain T, Evangelista V, Hayden L, Gruber A, Sutherland J, Sirkin A, Perrier L, Graham ID, Greiver M, Honsberger J, Hynes M, Macfarlane C, Prasaud L, Sklar B, Twohig M, Liu B, Munce S, Marr S, O'Neill B, Papaioannou A, Seaton B, Straus SE, Dainty K, Holroyd-Leduc J. Interventions that have potential to help older adults living with social frailty: a systematic scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:521. [PMID: 38879489 PMCID: PMC11179268 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of social frailty on older adults is profound including mortality risk, functional decline, falls, and disability. However, effective strategies that respond to the needs of socially frail older adults are lacking and few studies have unpacked how social determinants operate or how interventions can be adapted during periods requiring social distancing and isolation such as the COVID-19 pandemic. To address these gaps, we conducted a scoping review using JBI methodology to identify interventions that have the best potential to help socially frail older adults (age ≥65 years). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL (EPSCO), EMBASE and COVID-19 databases and the grey literature. Eligibility criteria were developed using the PICOS framework. Our results were summarized descriptively according to study, patient, intervention and outcome characteristics. Data synthesis involved charting and categorizing identified interventions using a social frailty framework. RESULTS: Of 263 included studies, we identified 495 interventions involving ~124,498 older adults who were mostly female. The largest proportion of older adults (40.5%) had a mean age range of 70-79 years. The 495 interventions were spread across four social frailty domains: social resource (40%), self-management (32%), social behavioural activity (28%), and general resource (0.4%). Of these, 189 interventions were effective for improving loneliness, social and health and wellbeing outcomes across psychological self-management, self-management education, leisure activity, physical activity, Information Communication Technology and socially assistive robot interventions. Sixty-three interventions were identified as feasible to be adapted during infectious disease outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, flu) to help socially frail older adults. CONCLUSIONS Our scoping review identified promising interventions with the best potential to help older adults living with social frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kastner
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Krystle Amog
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tejia Bain
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Leigh Hayden
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Gruber
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amy Sirkin
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laure Perrier
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Greiver
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mary Hynes
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Leela Prasaud
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Sklar
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margo Twohig
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Liu
- Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Munce
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Marr
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braden O'Neill
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bianca Seaton
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie Dainty
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bevilacqua G, Westbury LD, Bloom I, Zhang J, Lawrence WT, Barker ME, Ward KA, Dennison EM. General self-efficacy, not musculoskeletal health, was associated with social isolation and loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:20. [PMID: 38308733 PMCID: PMC10838234 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent among older adults. This study investigated factors influencing worsening social isolation and loneliness in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on musculoskeletal conditions, falls, and fractures. METHODS We studied 153 participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Baseline assessments (2019-20) included osteoporosis, clinical osteoarthritis, fractures after age 45 years, falls in previous year, and lifestyle factors. Self-efficacy was assessed using a shortened General Self-Efficacy Scale. Social isolation was assessed using the 6-item Lubben Social Network Scale. Follow-up (2020-21) assessments included social isolation and loneliness using the 6-item De Jong-Gierveld scale for emotional, social, and overall loneliness. RESULTS Baseline median age was 83.1 years. A history of smoking predicted worsening social isolation (p = 0.046). Being married (p = 0.026) and higher self-efficacy scores (p = 0.03) predicted reduced social isolation at follow-up. Greater alcohol consumption was associated with higher overall loneliness (p = 0.026). Being married was related to a 36% (95% CI: 3%, 58%) reduction in emotional loneliness (p = 0.037). No musculoskeletal condition was associated with social isolation or loneliness. However, we observed a 22% (14%, 30%; p < 0.001) reduction in emotional loneliness and a 12% (4%, 20%; p = 0.003) reduction in overall loneliness per unit increase in self-efficacy score. CONCLUSIONS No musculoskeletal condition was associated with increased social isolation or loneliness, but longitudinal studies in larger samples are required. Greater self-efficacy was associated with reduced social isolation and reduced loneliness. Interventions promoting self-efficacy in older adults may reduce isolation and loneliness in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Bevilacqua
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Leo D Westbury
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ilse Bloom
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jean Zhang
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Wendy T Lawrence
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary E Barker
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate A Ward
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Haynes A, Tiedemann A, Hewton G, Chenery J, Sherrington C, Merom D, Gilchrist H. "It doesn't feel like exercise": a realist process evaluation of factors that support long-term attendance at dance classes designed for healthy ageing. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1284272. [PMID: 38192566 PMCID: PMC10773813 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1284272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dance can positively impact older people's health and wellbeing across cultures and socioeconomic groups, countering age-related physical, sensorimotor and cognitive decline. Background/objectives The RIPE (Really Is Possible for Everyone) Dance program aims to improve older people's physical, mental, cognitive and social wellbeing by integrating engaging dance sequences with evidence-based fall prevention exercises. We sought to identify what mechanisms support observed long-term participation in this program, including by people living with challenging health conditions. Methods Following a realist evaluation approach, we co-developed and tested program theories iteratively with participant interviewees (n = 20), dance teachers (n = 2) and via observation of a dance class. Initial data were dual-coded and emergent findings were interrogated by the research team. Findings were organised to express Program activities + Context + Mechanism = Process outcomes configurations. Results We identified four program theories comprising 14 mechanisms which explained long-term attendance: 1. RIPE Dance benefits my body and mind (trust in the program, belief in health benefits), 2. RIPE Dance helps me feel good about myself (self-efficacy, pride in achievement, psychological safety, defying expectations, feeling valued), 3. RIPE Dance creates camaraderie (social connection, mutual support, rapport with the teacher), and 4. RIPE Dance is uplifting (raised spirits, fun, synchrony, musical reactivity). Conclusion The RIPE Dance program provides effective and enjoyable 'exercise in disguise' for older people with diverse mobility profiles. Significance/implications This research confirms that participation in dance can contribute significantly to healthy, happy ageing. Findings detail program activities that were most strongly associated with process outcomes, offering guidance for further program development, implementation and scaling up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Haynes
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gail Hewton
- Gold Moves Australia and RIPE Dance, Noosa, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Heidi Gilchrist
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Roskoschinski A, Liang W, Duan Y, Al-Salehi H, Lippke S. Loneliness and depression in older adults with multimorbidity: the role of self-efficacy and social support. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1232067. [PMID: 37965359 PMCID: PMC10642299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As relatively little is known about self-efficacy and social support in individuals aged 65 years and older and whether they are facing a decline in life due to multimorbidity and previous COVID-19 infection, this study investigated hypotheses based on Social Cognitive Theory. Methods It was tested whether depressive symptoms in multimorbid patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and recover post infection during their hospital stay, do not differ from those of multimorbid patients hospitalized for other conditions. Furthermore, we tested whether depressive symptoms are associated with increased loneliness scores, low self-efficacy beliefs, and poorly perceived social support. Additionally, it was investigated whether self-efficacy is a mediator variable, and social support is a moderator variable between loneliness and depression. N = 135 patients with or without previous COVID-19 infection (mean age 64.76) were recruited. Paper questionnaires were collected at the time of inpatient hospital admission in the year 2021 and in a cross-sectional study design. The study compared n = 45 multimorbid patients who survived COVID-19 infection with those n = 90 who were not infected before. Results No significant difference in depressive symptomology between these two groups revealed [t(133) = 130, p = 0.90, d = 0.024); F(3, 122) = 0.255, p = 0.86]. The study found a positive correlation between loneliness and anxiety and depression in both groups (rdepression = 0.419 and ranxiety = 0.496). Self-efficacy mediated the relation between loneliness and depression. The completely standardized indirect effect was β = 0.111, percentile Bootstrap 95% CI 0.027-0.201. Discussion The research findings suggest the importance of self-efficacy, and loneliness in the development of depressive symptoms, and have several practical implications for improving the mental health of multimorbid patients: Prospectively, treatment should not only focus on physical and cognitive health, but also on promoting self-efficacy and perceived social support, as well as address loneliness with psychoeducational interventions. Replication of the findings and conducting interventional research also employing lifestyle components should follow up, as this study tested associations but no causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Roskoschinski
- Unit for Geriatrics and Physical Medicine, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- Constructor University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hayl Al-Salehi
- Constructor University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Bremen, Germany
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Huang L, Wang D. Socioeconomic Status and Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 University Closure: Mediating Roles of Perceived Social Support and Self-Efficacy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:871. [PMID: 37887521 PMCID: PMC10604470 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the need for urgent actions in response to the exacerbated inequalities in mental health resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, there remains a significant gap in research into the relationships and underlying mechanisms between socioeconomic status (SES) and various mental health outcomes among students during the COVID-19 university closure. With a sample of 839 students from a university in Lanzhou, the capital city of China's Gansu Province, which was closed during the 2022 autumn semester due to the COVID-19 outbreak, this study examined the relationships between SES and both the negative and positive mental health outcomes, with a particular inquiry into the mediating roles of perceived social support and self-efficacy. The results show that SES had significant and negative total associations with psychological distress (β = -0.119, p < 0.001) and loneliness (β = -0.132, p < 0.001), while having significant and positive total associations with life satisfaction (β = 0.90, p < 0.01) and affective well-being (β = 0.108, p < 0.01). Moreover, perceived social support and self-efficacy independently and sequentially mediated the associations between SES and various mental health outcomes. Research implications for the design and improvement of university measures to reduce the socioeconomic inequalities in students' mental health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Department of Public Administration, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Faculty of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Aalto UL, Knuutila M, Lehti T, Jansson A, Kautiainen H, Öhman H, Strandberg T, Pitkälä KH. Being actively engaged in life in old age: determinants, temporal trends, and prognostic value. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023:10.1007/s40520-023-02440-9. [PMID: 37225934 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, the concept of successful ageing has shifted from healthy ageing to active ageing, the latter emphasising even more the subjective perspective. Active agency is a marker for better functioning. However, the concept of active ageing lacks a clear definition so far. The specific aims of the study were to identify the determinants of being actively engaged in life (BAEL), to explore the changes in BAEL over 3 decades, and to explore the prognostic value of BAEL. METHODS This is a repeated cross-sectional cohort study of older (≥ 75 years) community-dwelling people in Helsinki in 1989 (N = 552), 1999 (N = 2396), 2009 (N = 1492), and 2019 (N = 1614). The data were gathered by a postal questionnaire at each time point. Being actively engaged in life was defined by two questions "Do you feel needed?" and "Do you have plans for the future?", which was further converted into BAEL score. RESULTS An increasing temporal trend in BAEL score was observed through the study years. Male sex, good physical functioning and subjective health, and meaningful social contacts were determinants for higher BAEL score. Active agency measured by BAEL score predicted lower 15-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS Older home-dwelling, urban Finnish people have become more actively engaged in recent years. The underlying causes are diverse but improved socioeconomic status observed over the study years was one of them. Social contacts and not feeling lonely were found to be determinants for being actively engaged. Two simple questions describing active engagement in life may help to predict mortality among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla L Aalto
- Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mia Knuutila
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Primary Health Care Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Social Services and Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Lehti
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Primary Health Care Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Social Services and Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Oulunkylä Rehabilitation Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Jansson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Finnish Association for the Welfare of Older Adults, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Öhman
- Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisu H Pitkälä
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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