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Amabile C, Abate T, Muñoz R, Chianese S, Musmarra D. Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from methane and volatile fatty acids: properties, metabolic routes and current trend. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172138. [PMID: 38582106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biobased and biodegradable polymers that could effectively replace fossil-based and non-biodegradable plastics. However, their production is currently limited by the high production costs, mainly due to the costly carbon sources used, low productivity and quality of the materials produced. A potential solution lies in utilizing cheap and renewable carbon sources as the primary feedstock during the biological production of PHAs, paving the way for a completely sustainable and economically viable process. In this review, the opportunities and challenges related to the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using methane and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as substrates were explored, with a focus on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). The discussion reports the current knowledge about promising Type II methanotrophs, the impact of process parameters such as limiting nutrients, CH4:O2 ratio and temperature, the type of co-substrate and its concentration. Additionally, the strategies developed until now to enhance PHA production yields were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Amabile
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Teresa Abate
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raul Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
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Yang G, Liu M, Gao Y, Han S, Meng F, Ju T, Jiang J. A review on the evaluation models and impact factors of greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27531-27553. [PMID: 38573581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The total amount of global municipal solid waste (MSW) will reach 3.5 billion tons by 2050, thereby bringing tremendous environmental pressure, especially global warming. Large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been released during MSW management (MSWM). Accounting for GHG emissions is a prerequisite for providing recommendations on appropriate treatment options to mitigate emissions from MSWM systems. There are many methods involved in estimating emissions. This paper summarizes the computing models commonly used in each process of the integrated MSWM system and emphasizes the influence of parameters and other factors. Compared with other disposal methods, landfilling has the highest emissions, commonly estimated using first-order decay (FOD) methods. Emission reduction can be realized through waste to energy (WtE) and resource recovery measures. IPCC is commonly used for calculating direct emissions, while LCA-based models can calculate emissions including upstream and downstream processes, whose results depend on assumptions and system boundaries. The estimation results of models vary greatly and are difficult to compare with each other. Besides, large gaps exist between the default emission factors (EFs) provided by models and those F measured in specific facilities. These findings provide a systematic view for a bettering understanding of MSW emissions as well as the estimating methods and also reveal the key points that need be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengdan Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fanzhi Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongyao Ju
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Ouyang C, Qin Y, Liang Y, Gou Y. Community structure and network interaction of aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria in Chongqing's central urban area in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56368-56381. [PMID: 36914933 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A reservoir is an important source of methane (CH4), which is consumed by aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB), representing the main CH4 sink in water. The central urban area of Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area was selected as the study area in 2021. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the community structure and abundance of MOBs. The results showed that Methylocystis (Type II) was the dominant MOB in water, whereas Methylococcus (Type I) and Methylocystis co-dominated the sediments. High water temperature in the study area largely accounted for the predominance of Type II MOBs in the two habitats. Moreover, the influence of environmental factors on MOB community and its interspecific relationship were significantly regulated by the operation of the TGR. In the low-water-level period, NO2--N and CO2 concentration significantly correlated with Methylocystis, whereas in the high-water-level period, the higher discharge and velocity weakened the influence of all environmental factors on Methylocystis. In addition, the scouring of sediments by increasing discharge in the high-water-level period caused a significant decrease in dissolved CH4 concentration. The decrease in substrate increased interspecific competition within the MOB community, especially between different types of MOBs, in the high-water-level period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Ouyang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Yu Qin
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Yue Liang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Yujia Gou
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
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Tyuterev V, Tashkun S, Rey M, Nikitin A. High-order contact transformations of molecular Hamiltonians: general approach, fast computational algorithm and convergence of ro-vibrational polyad models. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2096140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Tyuterev
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, Université de Reims, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Quantum Mechanics and Radiative Transfer, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Tashkun
- Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Michael Rey
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, Université de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Andrei Nikitin
- Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Lu L, Li X, Li Z, Chen Y, Sabio Y García CA, Yang J, Luo F, Zou X. Aerobic methanotrophs in an urban water cycle system: Community structure and network interaction pattern. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145045. [PMID: 33770879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) play an important role in reducing methane emissions in nature. Most current researches focus on the natural habitats (e.g., lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, paddy fields, etc.). However, methanotrophs and the methane-oxidizing process remain essentially unclear in artificial habitat, such as the urban water cycle systems. Here, high-throughput sequencing and qPCR were used to analyze the community structure and abundance of MOB. Six different systems were selected from Yunyang City, Chongqing, China, including the raw water system (RW), the water supply pipe network system (SP), the wastewater pipe network system (WP), the hospital wastewater treatment system (HP), the municipal wastewater treatment plant system (WT) and the downstream river system (ST) of a wastewater treatment plant. Results clearly showed that the MOB community structure and network interaction patterns of the urban water cycle system were different from those of natural water bodies. Type I MOB was the dominant clade in HP. Methylocysis in Type II was the most abundant genus among the whole urban water cycle system, indicating that this genus had a high adaptability to the environment. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and concentration significantly affected the MOB communities in the urban water cycle system. The network of MOB in WT was the most complicated, and there were competitive relationships among species in WP. The structure of the network in HP was unstable, and therefore, it was vulnerable to environmental disturbances. Methylocystis (Type II) and Methylomonas (Type I) were the most important keystone species in the entire urban water cycle system. Overall, these findings broaden the understanding of the distribution and interaction patterns of MOB communities in an urban water cycle system and provide valuable clues for ecosystem restoration and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Carmen A Sabio Y García
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Argentina
| | - Jixiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Manheim DC, Yeşiller N, Hanson JL. Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Global Data. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tongwane MI, Moeletsi ME. Provincial cattle carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management in South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110833. [PMID: 33548293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Livestock is a major producer of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in South Africa. Cattle methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation is the main source of the emissions. However, due to shortage of information to guide agricultural mitigation plans in the country, the main objective of this study is to investigate causal factors of the emissions from cattle in all nine national provinces. This study calculates provincial CH4 emission factors and factors (i.e. nitrogen excretion rate and average annual nitrogen excretion per animal) required for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from cattle manure management. The study further uses these factors and other values obtained from the literature to calculate cattle CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management. It also provides similar N2O emissions from manure management as well as urine and dung deposited on the pasture, range and paddock. The emissions are calculated for each cattle type: commercial dairy, commercial beef, subsistence and feedlot cattle. Cattle in South Africa produced a total of 35.37 million tonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions in 2019, inclusive of emissions from pasture, range and paddock. Methane from enteric fermentation accounts for 64.54% of the total emissions followed by emissions from pasture, range and paddock (27.66%). Manure management contributes 4.34% of N2O to the total emissions while this source also produces 3.45% of CH4 emissions. Commercial beef is responsible for 50.21% of the total emissions, followed by subsistence beef (36.72%), commercial dairy (10.52%) and feedlot cattle (2.52%). The Eastern Cape province is the highest producer of cattle emissions with 8.66 Mt CO2e, a quarter of the emissions. It is followed by KwaZulu-Natal (7.14 Mt CO2e, 20%) and the Free State (5.65 Mt CO2e, 16%). Gauteng province is responsible for the lowest producer of the emissions with 0.71 Mt CO2e (2%) of the total. South Africa's emission factors are higher than values for Africa, indicating importance of developing national factors to avoid uncertainties in emissions. As a result of national landscape and environmental conditions, the eastern provinces of the country are major sources of cattle emissions in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mphethe I Tongwane
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Private Bag X13, Phuthadithjaba, 9866, South Africa; Zutari, Riverwalk Office Park, 41 Matroosberg Road, Ashlea Gardens Extension 6, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Mokhele E Moeletsi
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Centre, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Tongwane MI, Moeletsi ME, Tsubo M. Trends of carbon emissions from applications of nitrogen fertiliser and crop residues to agricultural soils in South Africa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111056. [PMID: 32669256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector produces approximately 10% of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and growing demands for food to meet the needs of an increasing population make it difficult to mitigate these emissions. This study investigated historical (1911-2018) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from applications of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertiliser for agricultural purposes and crop residues retained in the fields post-harvest in South Africa. The aim was to develop trends of different sources of these emissions to guide national mitigation plans. Disaggregation of the emissions from key crops were developed using area planted, N application rates and residues retained in the fields. N2O intensities were calculated to establish a relationship between agricultural emissions and socio-economic conditions. Total emissions from N and crop residues were 7.3 million tonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions in 2018 and N2O from N fertiliser was approximately 3.0 Mt. Arrival of subsidised synthetic N in the 1950s grew the emissions significantly until they peaked in the 1980s when the support was terminated. N2O emissions per capita are gradually decreasing with time which indicates an unsustainable situation of population growing faster than its ability to produce food for itself. Less emissions per kilocalorie further indicate that crop emissions are not carbon intensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mphethe I Tongwane
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Private Bag X13, Phuthadithjaba, 9866, South Africa.
| | - Mokhele E Moeletsi
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Centre, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Mitsuru Tsubo
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
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Rey M, Chizhmakova IS, Nikitin AV, Tyuterev VG. Understanding global infrared opacity and hot bands of greenhouse molecules with low vibrational modes from first-principles calculations: the case of CF 4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21008-21033. [PMID: 30070661 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine containing molecules have a particularly long atmospheric lifetime and their very big estimated global warming potentials are expected to rapidly increase in the future. This work is focused on the global theoretical prediction of infrared spectra of the tetrafluoromethane molecule that is considered as a potentially powerful greenhouse gas having the largest estimated lifetime of over 50 000 years in the atmosphere. The presence of relatively low vibrational frequencies makes the Boltzmann population of the excited levels important. Consequently, the "hot bands" corresponding to transitions among excited rovibrational states contribute significantly to the CF4 opacity in the infrared even at room temperature conditions but the existing laboratory data analyses are not sufficiently complete. In this work, we construct the first accurate and complete ab initio based line lists for CF4 in the range 0-4000 cm-1, containing rovibrational bands that are the most active in absorption. An efficient basis set compression method was applied to predict more than 700 new bands and subbands via variational nuclear motion calculations. We show that already at room temperature a quasi-continuum of overlapping weak lines appears in the CF4 infrared spectra due to the increasing density of bands and transitions. In order to converge the infrared opacity at room temperature, it was necessary to include a high rotational quantum number up to J = 80 resulting in 2 billion rovibrational transitions. In order to make the cross-section simulation faster, we have partitioned our data into two parts: (a) strong & medium line lists with lower energy levels for calculation of selective absorption features that can be used at various temperatures and (b) compressed "super-line" libraries of very weak transitions contributing to the quasi-continuum modelling. Comparisons with raw previously unassigned experimental spectra showed a very good accuracy for integrated absorbance in the entire range of the reported spectra predictions. The data obtained in this work will be made available through the TheoReTS information system (http://theorets.univ-reims.fr, http://theorets.tsu.ru) that contains ab initio born line lists and provides a user-friendly graphical interface for a fast simulation of the CF4 absorption cross-sections and radiance under various temperature conditions from 80 K to 400 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Rey
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS 7331, BP 1039, F-51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
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Liu Y, Lu W, Dastyar W, Liu Y, Guo H, Fu X, Li H, Meng R, Zhao M, Wang H. Fugitive halocarbon emissions from working face of municipal solid waste landfills in China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 70:149-157. [PMID: 28917825 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halocarbons are important anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to their long lifetime and large characteristic factors. The present study for the first time assessed the global warming potential (GWP) of fugitive halocarbon emissions from the working face of landfills in China. The national emissions of five major halocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-113, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CCl4) from the working face of municipal solid waste landfills in China were provided through observation-based estimations. The fluxes of halocarbons from working face of landfills were observed much higher than covered cells in landfills hence representing the hot spots of landfill emissions. The annual emissions of the halocarbons from landfills in China were 0.02-15.6kt·y-1, and their GWPs were 128-60,948kt-CO2-eq·y-1 based on their characteristic factors on a 100-year horizon. CFC-113 was the dominant species owing to its highest releasing rate (i.e. 15.4±19.1g·t-1) and largest characteristic factor, resulting in a GWP up to 4036±4855kt-CO2-eq·y-1. The annual emissions of CFC-113 from landfills (i.e. 0.61kt·y-1) made up ∼76% of the total national CFC-113 emissions. The GWPs of halocarbons were estimated ∼14.4% of landfill methane emissions. Therefore, fugitive halocarbons emissions from working face are significant sources of GHGs in landfill sites in China, although they comprise a small fraction of total landfill gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wafa Dastyar
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanwen Guo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xindi Fu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruihong Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Chidambarampadmavathy K, Karthikeyan OP, Heimann K. Biopolymers made from methane in bioreactors. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karthigeyan Chidambarampadmavathy
- College of Marine and Environmental Science; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Obulisamy P. Karthikeyan
- College of Marine and Environmental Science; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- College of Marine and Environmental Science; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
- Comparative Genomics Centre; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
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Sánchez A, Artola A, Font X, Gea T, Barrena R, Gabriel D, Sánchez-Monedero MÁ, Roig A, Cayuela ML, Mondini C. Greenhouse Gas from Organic Waste Composting: Emissions and Measurement. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11906-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Friedrich E, Trois C. GHG emission factors developed for the recycling and composting of municipal waste in South African municipalities. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:2520-2531. [PMID: 23791423 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
GHG (greenhouse gas) emission factors for waste management are increasingly used, but such factors are very scarce for developing countries. This paper shows how such factors have been developed for the recycling of glass, metals (Al and Fe), plastics and paper from municipal solid waste, as well as for the composting of garden refuse in South Africa. The emission factors developed for the different recyclables in the country show savings varying from -290kg CO2 e (glass) to -19111kg CO2 e (metals - Al) per tonne of recyclable. They also show that there is variability, with energy intensive materials like metals having higher GHG savings in South Africa as compared to other countries. This underlines the interrelation of the waste management system of a country/region with other systems, in particular with energy generation, which in South Africa, is heavily reliant on coal. This study also shows that composting of garden waste is a net GHG emitter, releasing 172 and 186kg CO2 e per tonne of wet garden waste for aerated dome composting and turned windrow composting, respectively. The paper concludes that these emission factors are facilitating GHG emissions modelling for waste management in South Africa and enabling local municipalities to identify best practice in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Friedrich
- CRECHE Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Engineering, Civil Engineering Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa.
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Menikpura SNM, Sang-Arun J, Bengtsson M. Climate co-benefits of energy recovery from landfill gas in developing Asian cities: a case study in Bangkok. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2013. [PMID: 23797299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most common and cost-effective waste disposal method, and it is widely applied throughout the world. In developing countries in Asia there is currently a trend towards constructing sanitary landfills with gas recovery systems, not only as a solution to the waste problem and the associated local environmental pollution, but also to generate revenues through carbon markets and from the sale of electricity. This article presents a quantitative assessment of climate co-benefits from landfill gas (LFG) to energy projects, based on the case of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand. Life cycle assessment was used for estimating net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, considering the whole lifespan of the landfill. The assessment found that the total GHG mitigation of the Bangkok project would be 471,763 tonnes (t) of carbon dioxide (CO(2))-equivalents (eq) over its 10-year LFG recovery period.This amount is equivalent to only 12% of the methane (CH(4)) generated over the whole lifespan of the landfill. An alternative scenario was devised to analyse possible improvement options for GHG mitigation through LFG-to-energy recovery projects. This scenario assumes that LFG recovery would commence in the second year of landfill operation and gas extraction continues throughout the 20-year peak production period. In this scenario, GHG mitigation potential amounted to 1,639,450 tCO(2)-eq during the 20-year project period, which is equivalent to 43% of the CH(4) generated throughout the life cycle. The results indicate that with careful planning, there is a high potential for improving the efficiency of existing LFG recovery projects which would enhance climate co-benefits, as well as economic benefits. However, the study also shows that even improved gas recovery systems have fairly low recovery rates and, in consequence, that emissions of GHG from such landfills sites are still considerable.
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Di Trapani D, Di Bella G, Viviani G. Uncontrolled methane emissions from a MSW landfill surface: influence of landfill features and side slopes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:2108-2115. [PMID: 23465313 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sanitary landfills for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal have been identified as one of the most important anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emissions; in order to minimize its negative effects on the environment, landfill gas (LFG) recovery is a suitable tool to control CH4 emissions from a landfill site; further, the measurement of CH4 emissions can represent a good way to evaluate the effectiveness of LFG recovering systems. In general, LFG will escape through any faults in the landfill capping or in the LFG collection system. Indeed, some areas of the capping can be more permeable than others (e.g. portions of a side slope), especially when considering a temporarily capped zone (covered area that is not expected to receive any further waste for a period of at least 3 months, but for engineering reasons does not have a permanent cap yet). These areas, which are characterized by abnormal emissions, are usually defined as "features": in particular, a feature is a small, discrete area or an installation where CH4 emissions significantly differ from the surrounding zones. In the present study, the influence that specific features have on CH4 emissions has been investigated, based on direct measurements carried out in different seasons by means of a flux chamber to the case study of Palermo (IT) landfill (Bellolampo). The results showed that the flux chamber method is reliable and easy to perform, and the contoured flux maps, obtained by processing the measured data were found to be a suitable tool for identifying areas with abnormal (high) emissions. Further, it was found that a relationship between methane emission rates and landfill side slope can be established. Concerning the influence of the temporary HDPE cover system on CH4 recovery efficiency, it contributed to a significant decrease of the free surface area available for uncontrolled emissions; this aspect, coupled to the increase of the CH4 volumes collected by the LFG recovery system, led to a significant increase of the recovery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Trapani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Friedrich E, Trois C. GHG emission factors developed for the collection, transport and landfilling of municipal waste in South African municipalities. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:1013-1026. [PMID: 23312780 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors are used with increased frequency for the accounting and reporting of GHG from waste management. However, these factors have been calculated for developed countries of the Northern Hemisphere and are lacking for developing countries. This paper shows how such factors have been developed for the collection, transport and landfilling of municipal waste in South Africa. As such it presents a model on how international results and methodology can be adapted and used to calculate country-specific GHG emission factors from waste. For the collection and transport of municipal waste in South Africa, the average diesel consumption is around 5 dm(3) (litres) per tonne of wet waste and the associated GHG emissions are about 15 kg CO2 equivalents (CO2 e). Depending on the type of landfill, the GHG emissions from the landfilling of waste have been calculated to range from -145 to 1016 kg CO2 e per tonne of wet waste, when taking into account carbon storage, and from 441 to 2532 kg CO2 e per tonne of wet waste, when carbon storage is left out. The highest emission factor per unit of wet waste is for landfill sites without landfill gas collection and these are the dominant waste disposal facilities in South Africa. However, cash strapped municipalities in Africa and the developing world will not be able to significantly upgrade these sites and reduce their GHG burdens if there is no equivalent replacement of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) resulting from the Kyoto agreement. Other low cost avenues need to be investigated to suit local conditions, in particular landfill covers which enhance methane oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Friedrich
- CRECHE Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa.
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17
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Ecology in Urban Planning: Mitigating the Environmental Damage of Municipal Solid Waste. SUSTAINABILITY 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/su4091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Capaccioni B, Caramiello C, Tatàno F, Viscione A. Effects of a temporary HDPE cover on landfill gas emissions: multiyear evaluation with the static chamber approach at an Italian landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:956-965. [PMID: 21051216 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
According to the European Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC and the related Italian Legislation ("D. Lgs. No. 36/2003"), monitoring and control procedures of landfill gas emissions, migration and external dispersions are clearly requested. These procedures could be particularly interesting in the operational circumstance of implementing a temporary cover, as for instance permitted by the Italian legislation over worked-out landfill sections, awaiting the evaluation of expected waste settlements. A possible quantitative approach for field measurement and consequential evaluation of landfill CO(2), CH(4) emission rates in pairs consists of the static, non-stationary accumulation chamber technique. At the Italian level, a significant and recent situation of periodical landfill gas emission monitoring is represented by the sanitary landfill for non-hazardous waste of the "Fano" town district, where monitoring campaigns with the static chamber have been annually conducted during the last 5 years (2005-2009). For the entire multiyear monitoring period, the resulting CO(2), CH(4) emission rates varied on the whole up to about 13,100g CO(2) m(-2)d(-1) and 3800 g CH(4) m(-2)d(-1), respectively. The elaboration of these landfill gas emission data collected at the "Fano" case-study site during the monitoring campaigns, presented and discussed in the paper, gives rise to a certain scientific evidence of the possible negative effects derivable from the implementation of a temporary HDPE cover over a worked-out landfill section, notably: the lateral migration and concentration of landfill gas emissions through adjacent, active landfill sections when hydraulically connected; and consequently, the increase of landfill gas flux velocities throughout the reduced overall soil cover surface, giving rise to a flowing through of CH(4) emissions without a significant oxidation. Thus, these circumstances are expected to cause a certain increase of the overall GHG emissions from the given landfill site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Capaccioni
- Department of Earth and Geological-Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Gentil E, Christensen TH, Aoustin E. Greenhouse gas accounting and waste management. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2009; 27:696-706. [PMID: 19808731 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x09346702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accounting of emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) is a major focus within waste management. This paper analyses and compares the four main types of GHG accounting in waste management including their special features and approaches: the national accounting, with reference to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the corporate level, as part of the annual reporting on environmental issues and social responsibility, life-cycle assessment (LCA), as an environmental basis for assessing waste management systems and technologies, and finally, the carbon trading methodology, and more specifically, the clean development mechanism (CDM) methodology, introduced to support cost-effective reduction in GHG emissions. These types of GHG accounting, in principle, have a common starting point in technical data on GHG emissions from specific waste technologies and plants, but the limited availability of data and, moreover, the different scopes of the accounting lead to many ways of quantifying emissions and producing the accounts. The importance of transparency in GHG accounting is emphasised regarding waste type, waste composition, time period considered, GHGs included, global warming potential (GWP) assigned to the GHGs, counting of biogenic carbon dioxide, choice of system boundaries, interactions with the energy system, and generic emissions factors. In order to enhance transparency and consistency, a format called the upstream-operating-downstream framework (UOD) is proposed for reporting basic technology-related data regarding GHG issues including a clear distinction between direct emissions from waste management technologies, indirect upstream (use of energy and materials) and indirect downstream (production of energy, delivery of secondary materials) activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gentil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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