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Li Z, Li X, Zhang Q, Li F, Qiao Y, Liu S, Leng P, Tian C, Chen G, Cheng H. Influences of shallow groundwater depth on N 2O diffusion along the soil profile of summer maize fields in North China Plain. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171861. [PMID: 38518819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural fields are a significant contribution to global warming. Understanding the mechanisms of N2O emissions from agricultural fields is essential for the development of N2O emission mitigation strategies. Currently, there are extensive studies on N2O emissions on the surface of agricultural soils, while studies on N2O fluxes at the interface between the saturated and unsaturated zones (ISU) are limited. Uncertainties exist regarding N2O emissions from the soil-shallow groundwater systems in agricultural fields. In this study, a three-year lysimeter experiment (2019-2020, 2022) was conducted to simulate the soil-shallow groundwater systems under four controlled shallow groundwater depth (SGD) (i.e., SGD = 40, 70, 110, and 150 cm) conditions in North China Plain (NCP). Weekly continuous monitoring of N2O emissions from soil surface, N2O concentration in the shallow groundwater and the upper 10 cm of pores at the ISU, and nitrogen cycling-related parameters in the soil and groundwater was conducted. The results showed that soil surface N2O emissions increased with decreased shallow groundwater depth, and the highest emissions of 96.44 kg ha-1 and 104.32 kg ha-1 were observed at G2 (SGD = 40 cm) in 2020 and 2022. During the observation period of one maize growing season, shallow groundwater acted as a sink for the unsaturated zone when the groundwater depth was 40 cm, 70 cm, and 110 cm. However, when SGD was 150 cm, shallow groundwater became a source for the unsaturated zone. After fertilization, the groundwater in all treatment plots behaved as a sink for the unsaturated zone, and the diffusion intensity decreased with increasing SGD. The results would provide a theoretical basis for cropland water management to reduce N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, IGSNRR, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xurun Li
- Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fadong Li
- Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, IGSNRR, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunfeng Qiao
- Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, IGSNRR, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shanbao Liu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Peifang Leng
- Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, IGSNRR, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, IGSNRR, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida A&M University (FAMU)-Florida State University (FSU) Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Hou J, Zhu Y, Liu J, Lin L, Zheng M, Yang L, Wei W, Ni BJ, Chen X. Competitive enrichment of comammox Nitrospira in floccular sludge. Water Res 2024; 251:121151. [PMID: 38246075 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) has subverted the traditional perception of two-step nitrification, which plays a key role in achieving biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Floccular sludge-based treatment technologies are being applied at the majority of wastewater treatment plants in service where detection of various abundances and activities of comammox bacteria have been reported. However, limited efforts have been made to enrich and subsequently characterize comammox bacteria in floccular sludge. To this end, a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in the step-feeding mode was applied in this work to enrich comammox bacteria through controlling appropriate operational conditions (dissolved oxygen of 0.5 ± 0.1 g-O2/m3, influent ammonium of 40 g-N/m3 and uncontrolled longer sludge retention time). After 215-d operation, comammox bacteria gradually gained competitive advantages over counterparts in the SBR with a stable nitrification efficiency of 92.2 ± 2.2 %: the relative abundance of Nitrospira reached 42.9 ± 1.3 %, which was 13 times higher than that of Nitrosomonas, and the amoA gene level of comammox bacteria increased to 7.7 ± 2.1 × 106 copies/g-biomass, nearly 50 times higher than that of conventional ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The enrichment of comammox bacteria, especially Clade A Candidatus Nitrospira nitrosa, in the floccular sludge led to (i) apparent affinity constants for ammonium and oxygen of 3.296 ± 0.989 g-N/m3 and 0.110 ± 0.004 g-O2/m3, respectively, and (ii) significantly low N2O and NO production, with emission factors being 0.136 ± 0.026 % and 0.023 ± 0.013 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Hou
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jinzhong Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Limin Lin
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xueming Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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3
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Gulhan H, Cosenza A, Mannina G. Modelling greenhouse gas emissions from biological wastewater treatment by GPS-X: The full-scale case study of Corleone (Italy). Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167327. [PMID: 37748617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can affect climate change and must be measured and reduced. Mathematical modelling is an attractive solution to get a tool for GHG mitigation. However, although many efforts have been made to create reliable tools that can simulate "sustainable" full-scale WWTP operation, these studies are not considered complete enough to include GHG emissions and energy consumption of biological processes under long-term dynamic conditions. In this study, activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) was modified to model nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with a plant-wide modelling approach. The model is novel compared to the state of the art since it includes three steps denitrification, all N2O production pathways and its stripping in an ASM1. The model has been calibrated and validated through long-term water quality and short-term N2O emissions data collected from Corleone (Italy) WWTP. Different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and return sludge (RAS) ratios were tested with dynamic simulations to optimise the full-scale WWTP. The scenarios have been compared synergistically with effluent quality, direct GHG emissions, and energy footprint by the water-energy‑carbon coupling index (WECCI). This modelling study is novel as it fully covers long-term calibration/validation of the model with N2O measurements and tests the dynamic optimisation. Decision-makers and operators can use this new model to optimise GHG emissions and treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Gulhan
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Park JH, Lee H, Zhumabieke M, Kim SH, Shin KH, Khim BK. Basin-specific pollution and impoundment effects on greenhouse gas distributions in three rivers and estuaries. Water Res 2023; 236:119982. [PMID: 37087919 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Large uncertainties exist regarding the combined effects of pollution and impoundment on riverine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It has also been debated whether river eutrophication can transform downstream estuaries into carbon sinks. To assess human impacts on the riverine and estuarine distributions of CO2, CH4, and N2O, two source-to-estuary surveys along three impounded rivers in Korea were combined with multiple samplings at five or six estuarine sites. The basin-wide surveys revealed predominant pollution effects generating localized hotspots of riverine GHGs along metropolitan areas. The localized pollution effect was pronounced in the lower Han River and estuary adjacent to Seoul, while the highest GHG levels in the upper Yeongsan traversing Gwangju were not carried over into the faraway estuary. CH4 levels were elevated across the eutrophic middle Nakdong reaches regulated by eight cascade weirs in contrast to undersaturated CO2 indicating enhanced phytoplankton production. The levels of all three GHGs tended to be higher in the Han estuary across seasons. Higher summer-time δ13C-CH4 values at some Nakdong and Yeongsan estuarine sites implied that temperature-enhanced CH4 production may have been dampened by increased CH4 oxidation. Our results suggest that the location and magnitude of pollution sources and impoundments control basin-specific longitudinal GHG distributions and estuarine carryover effects, warning against simple generalizations of eutrophic rivers and estuaries as carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyung Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Maidina Zhumabieke
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Keun Khim
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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5
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Chen F, Liu Y, He Y, Chen X, Zhu T, Liu Y. Evaluation of nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide turnovers in granule-based simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162446. [PMID: 36841401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an inevitable intermediate generated during the nitrogen removal process of granule-based simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system. In order to alleviate N2O production while maintaining a desired total nitrogen (TN) removal level in this system, a comprehensive evaluation of the contribution pathways and process parameters affecting N2O turnovers is keenly required. Therefore, mathematical models were applied to evaluate the impact of operating conditions and unravel potential mechanisms on TN removal performance and N2O production. Simulation results show that higher N2O production (11.6 %-14.2 %) occurs at higher dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) and larger granule size in the granular SND system. The relative conversion rates of nitrogenous components in different regions within the granule influence N2O turnovers, with the nitrification process occurring only in the region 200 μm inward from the granule surface and denitrification working throughout the entire granule. In the inner region of the granule (0-300 μm), the heterotrophic bacteria (HB) denitrification pathway dominates N2O production as a source of N2O. While in the outer region (300-450 μm), HB denitrification acts as a sink for N2O and regulates N2O turnovers (i.e. production and reduction of N2O) together with the hydroxylamine (NH2OH) pathway that is the main contributor of N2O production. Moreover, simultaneous adjustment of multiple operating parameters within a certain range can lower the N2O production factor (<0.5 %) while achieving the desired TN removal efficiency (>80 %), resulting in a feasible N2O mitigation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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6
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Deng R, Huo P, Chen X, Chen Z, Yang L, Liu Y, Wei W, Ni BJ. Towards efficient heterotrophic recovery of N 2O via Fe(II)EDTA-NO: A modeling study. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160285. [PMID: 36403844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient recovery of nitrous oxide (N2O) through heterotrophic denitrification with the help of Fe(II)EDTA-NO as a chelating agent has been regarded as an ideal technology to treat nitric oxide (NO)-rich flue gas. In this study, an integrated NO-based biological denitrification model was developed to describe the sequential reduction of the NO fixed in Fe(II)EDTA-NO with organic carbon as the electron donor. With the inclusion of only the key pathways contributing to nitrogen transformation, the model was firstly developed and then calibrated/validated and evaluated using the data of batch tests mediated by the identified functional heterotrophic bacteria at various substrates concentrations and then used to explore the possibility of enhancing N2O recovery by altering the substrates condition and reactor setup. The results demonstrated that the optimal COD/N ratio decreased consistently from 1.5 g-COD/g-N at the initial NO concentration of 40 g-N/m3 to 1.0 g-COD/g-N at the initial NO concentration of 420 g-N/m3. Furthermore, sufficiently increasing the headspace volume of the reactor was considered an ideal strategy to obtain ideal N2O production of 86.6 % under the studied conditions. The production of high-purity N2O (98 %) confirmed the practical application potential of this integrated treatment technology to recover a valuable energy resource from NO-rich flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Deng
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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7
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Wang X, Yu L, Liu T, He Y, Wu S, Chen H, Yuan X, Wang J, Li X, Li H, Que Z, Qing Z, Zhou T. Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations and fluxes from heavily polluted urban streams: Comprehensive influence of pollution and restoration. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120098. [PMID: 36075337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Streams draining urban areas are usually regarded as hotspots of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, little is known about the coupling effects of watershed pollution and restoration on CH4 and N2O emission dynamics in heavily polluted urban streams. This study investigated the CH4 and N2O concentrations and fluxes in six streams that used to be heavily polluted but have undergone different watershed restorations in Southwest China, to explore the comprehensive influences of pollution and restoration. CH4 and N2O concentrations in the six urban streams ranged from 0.12 to 21.32 μmol L-1 and from 0.03 to 2.27 μmol L-1, respectively. The calculated diffusive fluxes of CH4 and N2O were averaged of 7.65 ± 9.20 mmol m-2 d-1 and 0.73 ± 0.83 mmol m-2 d-1, much higher than those in most previous reports. The heavily polluted streams with non-restoration had 7.2 and 7.8 times CH4 and N2O concentrations higher than those in the fully restored streams, respectively. Particularly, CH4 and N2O fluxes in the fully restored streams were 90% less likely than those found in the unrestored ones. This result highlighted that heavily polluted urban streams with high pollution loadings were indeed hotspots of CH4 and N2O emissions throughout the year, while comprehensive restoration can effectively weaken their emission intensity. Sewage interception and nutrient removal, especially N loadings reduction, were effective measures for regulating the dynamics of CH4 and N2O emissions from the heavily polluted streams. Based on global and regional integration, it further elucidated that increasing environment investments could significantly improve water quality and mitigate CH4 and N2O emissions in polluted urban streams. Overall, our study emphasized that although urbanization could inevitably strengthen riverine CH4 and N2O emissions, effective eco-restoration can mitigate the crisis of riverine greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China.
| | - Lele Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Xianxiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Hang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Ziyi Que
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Zhaoyin Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
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8
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Ren S, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Jiang H, Li X, Wang S, Peng Y. Anammox-mediated municipal solid waste leachate treatment: A critical review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 361:127715. [PMID: 35917860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate treatment through the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has received increasing attention due to less oxygen consumption, carbon source demand, and sludge production. The recent advances in anammox-mediated MSW leachate treatment are systematically reviewed. During MSW leachate treatment, the anammox technology could be flexibly combined with partial nitrification, partial denitrification, fermentation, and methane oxidation. Additionally, this review comprehensively discussed the specific effects on anammox bacteria (AnAOB) of key stressors in MSW leachate such as dissolved organic matters, salinity, and antibiotics, and introduced the corresponding pretreatment methods. The key control strategies focusing on achieving effective AnAOB retention, amelioration of microenvironments, and stable nitrite source were summarized. Moreover, the potential for nitrous oxide emission mitigation in anammox-based MSW leachate treatment systems was evaluated. Finally, this review highlighted the full-scale applications of anammox-mediated MSW leachate treatment and proposed the prospects as well as research gaps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Fangzhai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shuying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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9
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Chen X, Liu J, Huo P, Li F, Yang L, Wei W, Ni BJ. Influences of granule properties on the performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal granular reactor: A model-based evaluation. Bioresour Technol 2022; 356:127307. [PMID: 35569712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the impacts of key granule properties on the granular reactor performing partial nitritation/anammox from the modeling perspective. The results could guide not only future reliable modeling but also practical startup/operation of the reactor. To achieve high total nitrogen (TN) removal whilst avoiding significant N2O production, inoculated granules should be big and anammox-enriched. The optimum boundary layer thickness for maximum TN removal increased with the decreasing diffusivity of soluble components in the granule structure. Even though a thick boundary layer could protect anammox bacteria from elevated dissolved oxygen (DO) (e.g., 0.5 g-O2/m3) and obtain high TN removal (>90.0%) and low N2O production (<1.8%), even complete removal of the boundary layer would fail to provide sufficient substrate for anammox and therefore couldn't increase TN removal to 90.0% and decrease N2O production to <2.4% at insufficient DO (e.g., 0.3 g-O2/m3 in the presence of lifted influent NH4+ concentration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Jinzhong Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Pengfei Huo
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Fuyi Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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10
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Dias DFC, Marques R, Martins C, Martins A, Oehmen A. The impact of a seasonal change in loading rate on the nitrous oxide emissions at the WWTP of a tourist region. Sci Total Environ 2022; 804:149987. [PMID: 34517330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) whose production and emission must be minimised from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to avoid undesirable impacts to climate change and the ozone layer. WWTPs operated in tourist regions undergo large seasonal changes to the influent loading rates of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, which operators must respond to by changing their operational conditions. This study examines the impact of a change in low to high season on the N2O emissions of an activated sludge WWTP in a well-known tourist region in the Algarve, Portugal. While literature studies have suggested that increases in the nitrogen and organic loading rates can promote increased N2O emissions, we have found higher N2O emissions in the low season (7.4% kgN2O-N·kgNH4-N-1), where these loading rates were lower. It was found that the impact of accompanying operational changes to the WWTP outweighed any change caused by the increased loading rate, where the aeration rate showed a significant correlation with N2O emission dynamics. The location of the N2O fluxes observed as well as the dissolved vs gaseous N2O levels suggested that the hydroxylamine oxidation pathway was likely to be of higher relevance towards N2O production as compared to nitrifier denitrification. This study contributes towards the understanding of operational factors impacting N2O emissions at full-scale WWTPs and potential mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F C Dias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - António Martins
- Aguas do Algarve, Rua do Repouso, n°10, 8000-302, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
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11
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Fang F, Xu RZ, Huang YQ, Luo JY, Xie WM, Ni BJ, Cao JS. Exploring the feasibility of nitrous oxide reduction and polyhydroxyalkanoates production simultaneously by mixed microbial cultures. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:126012. [PMID: 34571328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), as a powerful greenhouse gas, has drawn increasing attention in recent years and different strategies for N2O reduction were explored. In this study, a novel strategy for valuable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production coupling with N2O reduction by mixed microbial cultures (MMC) using different substrates was evaluated. Results revealed that N2O was an effective electron acceptor for PHA production. The highest PHA yield (0.35 Cmmol PHA/Cmmol S) and PHA synthesis rate (227.47 mg PHA/L/h) were obtained with acetic acid as substrate. Low temperature (15℃) and pH of 8.0 were beneficial for PHA accumulation. Results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that PHA produced with N2O as electron acceptor has better thermal stability (melting temperature of 99.4℃ and loss 5% weight temperature of 211.4℃). Our work opens up new avenues for simultaneously N2O reduction and valuable bioplastic production, which is conducive to resource recovery and climate protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Run-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Huang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Jing-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wen-Ming Xie
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jia-Shun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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12
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van Riel AJHP, Hunault CC, van den Hengel-Koot IS, Nugteren-van Lonkhuyzen JJ, de Lange DW, Hondebrink L. Alarming increase in poisonings from recreational nitrous oxide use after a change in EU-legislation, inquiries to the Dutch Poisons Information Center. Int J Drug Policy 2021; 100:103519. [PMID: 34753046 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the change in EU-legislation in 2014, recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) increased in the Netherlands from 2015 onwards. We studied the effect on N2O poisonings during an 11 year period. METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed on the incidence rate of N2O poisonings, relative to all recreational drug poisonings reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC) from 2010-2020. Secondary outcomes were the frequency of heavy use, frequent use, co-exposures, and toxicity in 2019 and 2020. RESULTS 433 N2O poisonings were included. The incidence rate increased exponentially from 0.12% in 2010 to 11% in 2020, with an average monthly rate of 3.8%. In 2019 and 2020, 79% of the patients indicated heavy use, frequent use or both, and 42% used from large cylinders. Chronic toxicity (signs of peripheral neuropathy) was reported in 38% of the patients. CONCLUSION The rate of N2O poisonings increased alarmingly in the Netherlands. An increasing proportion of patients reported problematic heavy or frequent use, accompanied by chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J H P van Riel
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands..
| | - C C Hunault
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I S van den Hengel-Koot
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J J Nugteren-van Lonkhuyzen
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D W de Lange
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Hondebrink
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Chen X, Huo P, Liu J, Li F, Yang L, Li X, Wei W, Liu Y, Ni BJ. Model predicted N 2O production from membrane-aerated biofilm reactor is greatly affected by biofilm property settings. Chemosphere 2021; 281:130861. [PMID: 34020186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Even though modeling has been frequently used to understand the autotrophic deammonification-based membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), the relationships between system-specific biofilm property settings and model predicted N2O production have yet to be clarified. To this end, this study investigated the impacts of 4 key biofilm property settings (i.e., biofilm thickness/compactness, boundary layer thickness, diffusivity of soluble components in the biofilm structure, and biofilm discretization) on one-dimensional modeling of the MABR, with the focus on its N2O production. The results showed that biofilm thickness/compactness (200-1000 μm), diffusivity of soluble components in the biofilm structure (reduction factor of diffusivity: 0.2-0.9), and biofilm discretization (12-28 grid points) significantly influenced the simulated N2O production, while boundary layer thickness (0-300 μm) only played a marginal role. In the studied ranges of biofilm property settings, distinct upper and lower bounds of N2O production factor (i.e., the percentage ratio of N2O formed to NH4+ removed, 5.5% versus 2.3%) could be predicted. In addition to the microbial community structure, the N2O production pathway contribution differentiation was also subject to changes in biofilm property settings. Therefore, biofilm properties need to be quantified experimentally or set properly to model N2O production from the MABR correctly. As a good practice for one-dimensional modeling of N2O production from biofilm-based reactors, especially the MABR performing autotrophic deammonification, the essential information about those influential biofilm property settings identified in this study should be disclosed and clearly documented, thus ensuring both the reproducibility of modeling results and the reliable applications of N2O models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Jinzhong Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Fuyi Li
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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14
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Yang P, Huang J, Tan L, Tong C, Jin B, Hu B, Gao C, Yuan J, Lai DYF, Yang H. Large variations in indirect N 2O emission factors (EF 5) from coastal aquaculture systems in China from plot to regional scales. Water Res 2021; 200:117208. [PMID: 34048983 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture ponds are important anthropogenic sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Direct N2O emissions arising from feed application to ponds have been widely investigated, but indirect emissions from N2O production from residual feeds in pond water are much less understood and characterized to refine the IPCC emission factor. In this study, we determined the concentrations and spatiotemporal variations of dissolved N2O and NO3--N in situ in three aquaculture ponds at the Min River Estuary in southeastern China during the culture period over two years, and calculated the indirect N2O emission factor (EF5) for aquaculture ponds using the N2O-N/NO3--N mass ratio methodology. Our results indicated that the EF5 values in the ponds over the culture period ranged between 0.0007 and 0.0543, with a clear seasonal pattern which closely followed that of the DOC:NO3-N ratio. We also observed significant spatial variations in EF5 among the three ponds, which could be attributed to the difference in feed conversion rate. In addition, we assessed the EF5 values from aquaculture ponds in five regions of the Chinese coastline across the latitudinal gradient from the tropical to the temperate zones. The average EF5 value from aquaculture ponds across the five coastal regions was 0.0093±0.0024, which was approximately 3.7 times of the IPCC default value for rivers and estuaries (0.0025). Moreover, the EF5 values demonstrated considerable spatial variations across these coastal regions with a coefficient of variation of 59%, which were largely related to the difference in water salinity. Our findings filled a key knowledge gap about the indirect N2O emission factor from aquaculture ponds, and provided field evidence for the refinement of EF5 value currently adopted by IPCC in the national greenhouse gas inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China
| | - Jiafang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China
| | - Lishan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China.
| | - Baoshi Jin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; College of Resources and Environment Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Hu
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, P.R. China
| | - Junji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
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15
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Zheng J, Liu J, Han S, Wang Y, Wei Y. N 2O emission factors of full-scale animal manure windrow composting in cold and warm seasons. Bioresour Technol 2020; 316:123905. [PMID: 32777720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) during animal manure composting is of great concern, and its emission factor (EF) is important for greenhouse gas emission inventory, while the EF is still uncertain due to limited on-site full-scale observations worldwide. In this study, N2O emissions were monitored during different seasons in a full-scale swine manure windrow composting with pile volume of about 76.5 m3. The results showed that the maximum N2O flux during the cold season (CS) was 23 times higher than during the warm season (WS), significant differences in the contribution to direct N2O emissions were observed in three composting stages, and shaded-side N2O emission was higher than sunny-side emission. The direct N2O emission factors of animal manure composting were 0.0046, 0.0002 kg N2O-N/kgTN (dry weight) in the CS and WS, respectively. Scenario analysis results showed that windrow composting is a suitable manure management that emits less N2O than solid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jibao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shenghui Han
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Energy, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China.
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16
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Tongwane MI, Moeletsi ME, Tsubo M. Trends of carbon emissions from applications of nitrogen fertiliser and crop residues to agricultural soils in South Africa. J Environ Manage 2020; 272:111056. [PMID: 32669256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector produces approximately 10% of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and growing demands for food to meet the needs of an increasing population make it difficult to mitigate these emissions. This study investigated historical (1911-2018) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from applications of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertiliser for agricultural purposes and crop residues retained in the fields post-harvest in South Africa. The aim was to develop trends of different sources of these emissions to guide national mitigation plans. Disaggregation of the emissions from key crops were developed using area planted, N application rates and residues retained in the fields. N2O intensities were calculated to establish a relationship between agricultural emissions and socio-economic conditions. Total emissions from N and crop residues were 7.3 million tonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions in 2018 and N2O from N fertiliser was approximately 3.0 Mt. Arrival of subsidised synthetic N in the 1950s grew the emissions significantly until they peaked in the 1980s when the support was terminated. N2O emissions per capita are gradually decreasing with time which indicates an unsustainable situation of population growing faster than its ability to produce food for itself. Less emissions per kilocalorie further indicate that crop emissions are not carbon intensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mphethe I Tongwane
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Private Bag X13, Phuthadithjaba, 9866, South Africa.
| | - Mokhele E Moeletsi
- Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Centre, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Mitsuru Tsubo
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
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17
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Lin S, Hernandez-Ramirez G. Nitrous oxide emissions from manured soils as a function of various nitrification inhibitor rates and soil moisture contents. Sci Total Environ 2020; 738:139669. [PMID: 32531585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of nitrification inhibitors (NI) coupled with nitrogen additions can reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The effectiveness of NIs can be impacted by environmental and soil conditions; however, more information is needed about their optimum application rates, in particular when applied with manure. This study investigated the effectiveness of a range of NIs application rates on reducing N2O emissions from soils receiving liquid manure additions under three moisture contents. Two incubations (A and B) were conducted in Gray Luvisolic (GL) and Black Chernozemic (BC) soils using two NIs [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) and the new 3,4-dimethylpyrazole succinic acid (DMPSA)]. Soil NH4+ and NO3- concentrations were measured. Beneficial N2O emission reductions caused by NIs were evident at the intermediate and high soil water contents. The averaged emission reductions were 60% and 56% at the 60% and 80% water-filled pore space (WFPS) of the GL soil, respectively. Likewise, a coherent reduction of 58% was also found at the 60% WFPS of the BC soil. Conversely, this emission reduction vanished in this very carbon-rich, clayey BC soil at the highest moisture (80% WFPS). Moreover, as low N2O fluxes occurred with the lowest moisture (40% WFPS), non-significant and minimal emission reductions by NIs were observed, with a null reduction in the BC soil and only 10% averaged reduction in the GL soil at 40% WFPS. Focusing on the N2O emission reduction and nitrification inhibition under a broad range of NIs rates (in incubation B), as soil moisture rose from 60 to 80% WFPS, the most efficient NI rate increased from 0.25 to 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 for nitrapyrin and from 0.22 to 0.65 kg a.i. ha-1 for DMPSA in both soils. In sum, results inform how soil moisture and NI application rates influence the effectiveness of NIs, aiding to improve strategies to reduce N losses from agricultural systems with NI implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Lin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada
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18
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Wang R, Zhang H, Zhang W, Zheng X, Butterbach-Bahl K, Li S, Han S. An urban polluted river as a significant hotspot for water-atmosphere exchange of CH 4 and N 2O. Environ Pollut 2020; 264:114770. [PMID: 32559861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polluted urban river systems might be a strong source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), but so far only a few urban river systems have been quantified with regard to their source strength for greenhouse gases (GHGs). In this study, we measured loads of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, and fluxes of CH4 and N2O from an urban river in Beijing, China during the course of an entire year. Fluxes calculated using the floating chamber approach or via the diffusion method with measurements of river water GHG concentrations showed comparable temporal variations. However, the flux magnitude based on the diffusion method was found to strongly depend on the underlying parameterization of the gas transfer velocity. In view of the large differences while applying different methodologies to estimate surface water GHG fluxes further studies are still needed to prove and eventually quantify the systematic errors which are likely caused by either the chamber technique or the approaches of individual diffusion models. For both the floating chamber and the diffusion-based flux estimates, strong seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes from the river surface were observed, with fluxes ranging from 3 to 8374 μg C m-2 h-1 for CH4 and 1-3986 μg N m-2 h-1 for N2O. The CH4 fluxes were strongly negatively correlated with the DO concentration (P < 0.01). The highest N2O fluxes were observed at times with low CH4 fluxes (i.e., in spring and autumn). Annual CH4 and N2O fluxes totaled 19.3-79.4 and 17.4-44.8 kg C (N) ha-1 yr-1, respectively. These high fluxes are in agreement with estimates from the few other studies carried out for urban river systems to date and indicate that urban polluted river systems are a significant regional source of atmospheric GHGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, PR China; School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, PR China; Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Shenghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, PR China
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19
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Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Zhou L, Jang KS, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Lee X, Qin B, Brookes JD, Davidson TA, Jeppesen E. Are nitrous oxide emissions indirectly fueled by input of terrestrial dissolved organic nitrogen in a large eutrophic Lake Taihu, China? Sci Total Environ 2020; 722:138005. [PMID: 32208291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lakes actively transform nitrogen (N) and emit disproportionately large amounts of N2O relative to their surface area. Studies have investigated the relative importance of denitrification or nitrification on N2O emissions; however, the linkage between N2O efflux and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC) remains largely unknown. Long-term (2012-2017) seasonal field observations and a series of degradation experiments were used to unravel how DON composition impacts N2O emissions from Lake Taihu, China. In the northwestern part of the lake, large riverine inflow and high N2O emissions occur in all seasons (24.6 ± 25.2 μmol m-2 d-1), coincident with high levels of terrestrial DON and DOC here. The degradation of labile DON and DOC likely enhanced ammonification as supported by the correlations between NH4+-N and DON, DOC, a(350), and terrestrial humic-like C3. The area with large riverine inputs in the northwestern part of the lake was characterized by low DO which may enhance incomplete aerobic nitrification and incomplete denitrification, both leading to N2O production. Twenty days laboratory experiments indicated greater N2O production in the northwest inflow samples (N2O on day 20: 120.9 nmol L-1 and 17.3 nmol L-1 for bio- and photo-degradation samples, respectively) compared with the central lake samples (N2O on day 20: 20.3 nmol L-1 and 12.3 nmol L-1 for bio- and photo-degradation samples, respectively), despite both having low Chl-a. Our DON and DOC degradation experiments confirmed the occurrence of ammonification along with consumption of NH4+-N and thereafter NO3--N. Our results collectively suggest that terrestrial DON fueled ammonification, enhanced nitrification and incomplete denitrification, and thereby became an important contributor to the N2O efflux from Lake Taihu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qitao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Mi Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuhui Lee
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, Environment Institute, School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas A Davidson
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Li M, Xue L, Zhou B, Duan J, He Z, Wang X, Xu X, Yang L. Effects of domestic sewage from different sources on greenhouse gas emission and related microorganisms in straw-returning paddy fields. Sci Total Environ 2020; 718:137407. [PMID: 32105919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reusing domestic sewage for crop irrigation is a promising practice, particularly in developing countries, since it is a substitute for chemical fertilizer and reduces water contamination. More attention was paid to the effect of sewage irrigation on crop yield and soil nutrients, but little attention was paid to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from straw-returning paddy fields. In this study, a soil column monitoring experiment was conducted to assess the effects of untreated domestic sewage (dominated with ammonia) and treated domestic sewage (dominated with nitrate) irrigation on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and related soil microorganisms in straw-returning paddy fields. Results showed that straw-returning dramatically promoted CH4 emission but had little effect on N2O emission. Both untreated and treated domestic sewage irrigation decreased CH4 emission of straw-returning paddy whether nitrogen fertilizer applied or not. The mitigating effect of treated sewage irrigation on CH4 emission was greater than untreated sewage irrigation. CH4 emission had a significant correlation with the abundance of soil methanogens and methanogens/methanotrophs. N2O emission increased with untreated or treated domestic sewage irrigation, although the total N input, including the N carried by sewage water, was the same for all treatments. No significant correlation between N2O and denitrification functional genes was found in this study. Treated domestic sewage irrigation reduced the global warming potential (GWP) by 66.7%, but untreated domestic sewage had no evident influence on the GWP. Results indicated that treated domestic sewage irrigation could significantly inhibit CH4 emission and the GWP by decreasing the ratio of methanogens to methanotrophs, and is promising in mitigating GWP from straw-returned paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Beibei Zhou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhu He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- School of agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- School of agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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21
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Ding X, Wei D, Guo W, Wang B, Meng Z, Feng R, Du B, Wei Q. Biological denitrification in an anoxic sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Performance evaluation, nitrous oxide emission and microbial community. Bioresour Technol 2019; 285:121359. [PMID: 31015181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the performance of biological denitrification in an anoxic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) and its nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. After 90 days operation, the effluent chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal efficiencies high of 94.8% and 95.0%, respectively. Both polysaccharides and protein contents were reduced in bound EPS (TB-EPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) after biofilm formation. According to typical cycle, N2O release rate was related to the free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration with the maximum value of 3.88 μg/min and total conversion rate of 1.27%. Two components were identified from EEM-PARAFAC model in soluble microbial products (SMP). Protein-like substances for component 1 changed significantly in denitrification process, whereas humic-like and fulvic acid-like substances for component 2 remained relatively stable. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Lysobacter, Tolumonas and Thauera were the dominant genera, indicating the co-existence of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers in ASBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Ding
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ben Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Zijun Meng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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22
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Vieira A, Galinha CF, Oehmen A, Carvalho G. The link between nitrous oxide emissions, microbial community profile and function from three full-scale WWTPs. Sci Total Environ 2019; 651:2460-2472. [PMID: 30336436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few attempts have been made in previous studies to link the microbial community structure and function with nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions at full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this work, high-throughput sequencing and reverse transcriptase-qPCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to activated sludge samples from three WWTPs for two seasonal periods (winter and summer) and linked with the N2O emissions and wastewater characteristics. The total N2O emissions ranged from 7.2 to 937.0 g N-N2O/day, which corresponds to an emission factor of 0.001 to 0.280% of the influent NH4-N being emitted as N2O. Those emissions were related to the abundance of Nitrotoga, Candidatus Microthrix and Rhodobacter genera, which were favored by higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations in the activated sludge tanks. Furthermore, a relationship between the nirK gene expression and N2O emissions was verified. Detected N2O emission peaks were associated with different process events, related to aeration transition periods, that occurred during the regular operation of the plants, which could be potentially associated to increased emissions of the WWTP. The design of mitigation strategies, such as optimizing the aeration regime, is therefore important to avoid process events that lead to those N2O emissions peaks. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates the importance of assessing the gene expression of nosZ clade II, since its high abundance in WWTPs could be an important key to reduce the N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vieira
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. República, Qta. do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C F Galinha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Oehmen
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - G Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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23
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Duan H, Wang Q, Erler DV, Ye L, Yuan Z. Effects of free nitrous acid treatment conditions on the nitrite pathway performance in mainstream wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:360-370. [PMID: 29981984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inline sludge treatment using free nitrous acid (FNA) was recently shown to be effective in establishing the nitrite pathway in a biological nitrogen removal system. However, the effects of FNA treatment conditions on the nitrite pathway performance remained to be investigated. In this study, three different FNA treatment frequencies (daily sludge treatment ratios of 0.22, 0.31 and 0.38, respectively), two FNA concentrations (1.35 mgN/L and 4.23 mgN/L, respectively) and two influent feeding regimes (one- and two-step feeding) were investigated in four laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors. The nitrite accumulation ratio was positively correlated to the FNA treatment frequency. However, when a high treatment frequency was used e.g., daily sludge treatment ratio of 0.38, a significant reduction in ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity occurred, leading to poor ammonium oxidation. AOB were able to acclimatise to FNA concentrations up to of 4.23 mgN/L, whereas nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were limited by an FNA concentration of 1.35 mgN/L over the duration of the study (up to 120 days). This difference in sensitivity to FNA could be used to further enhance nitrite accumulation, with 90% accumulation achieved at an FNA concentration of 4.23 mgN/L and a daily sludge treatment ratio of 0.31 in this study. However, this high level of nitrite accumulation led to increased N2O emission, with emission factors of up to 3.9% observed. The N2O emission was mitigated (reduced to 1.3%) by applying two-step feeding resulting in a nitrite accumulation ratio of 45.1%. Economic analysis showed that choosing the optimal FNA treatment conditions depends on a combination of the wastewater characteristics, the nitrogen discharge standards, and the operational costs. This study provides important information for the optimisation and practical application of FNA-based sludge treatment technology for achieving the mainstream stable nitrite pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, QLD, Australia; Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dirk V Erler
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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24
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Dumont É. Impact of the treatment of NH 3 emissions from pig farms on greenhouse gas emissions. Quantitative assessment from the literature data. N Biotechnol 2018; 46:31-37. [PMID: 29909071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to limit ammonia (NH3) emissions from pig farms, various air cleaning solutions are widely applied. However, the literature data report that these systems (chemical scrubbers, bioscrubbers and biofilters) can be both inefficient and promote nitrous oxide (N2O) production. As air cleaning technologies should not contribute to secondary trace gases that may have a stronger environmental impact than the raw gas compounds themselves, the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of NH3 treatment in pig farms on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHGs (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) emitted at the outlet of three different cleaning systems ("chemical scrubber", "bioscrubber" and "bioscrubber + denitrification step") were assessed and compared with the emissions generated by the exhaust air with "no treatment". The calculations show that the chemical scrubber has no effect whereas biological treatments can increase GHG emissions. The use of bioscrubbers alone for NH3 removal can remain acceptable provided that less than 3% of the NH3 entering the apparatus is converted into N2O. In such cases, a maximum increase of 1.9% in GHG emissions could be obtained. Conversely, the addition of a denitrification step to a bioscrubber must be avoided. Increases in overall GHG emissions of up to 25.8% were calculated but more significant increases could occur. With regard to GHG emissions, it is concluded that the use of a chemical scrubber is more suitable than a bioscrubber to treat exhaust air from pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Dumont
- UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, IMT Atlantique, Campus de Nantes, La Chantrerie, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, CS 20722, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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25
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Tian L, Akiyama H, Zhu B, Shen X. Indirect N 2O emissions with seasonal variations from an agricultural drainage ditch mainly receiving interflow water. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:480-491. [PMID: 30005260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N)-enriched leaching water may act as a source of indirect N2O emission when it is discharged to agricultural drainage ditches. In this study, indirect N2O emissions from an agricultural drainage ditch mainly receiving interflow water were measured using the static chamber-gas chromatography technique during 2012-2015 in the central Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. We found the drainage ditch was a source of indirect N2O emissions contributing an inter-annual mean flux of 6.56 ± 1.12 μg N m-2 h-1 and a mean indirect N2O emission factor (EF5g) value of 0.03 ± 0.003%. The mean EF5g value from literature review was 0.51%, which was higher than the default EF5g value (0.25%) proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2006. Our study demonstrated that, more in situ observations of N2O emissions as regards N leaching are required, to account for the large variation in EF5g values and to improve the accuracy and confidence of the default EF5g value. Indirect N2O emissions varied with season, higher emissions occurred in summer and autumn. These seasonal variations were related to drainage water NO3--N concentration, temperature, and precipitation. Our results showed that intensive precipitation increased NO3--N concentrations and N2O emissions, and when combined with warmer water temperatures, these may have increased the denitrification rate that led to the higher summer and autumn N2O emissions in the studied agricultural drainage ditch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Hiroko Akiyama
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chen X, Yuan Z, Ni BJ. Nitrite accumulation inside sludge flocs significantly influencing nitrous oxide production by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. Water Res 2018; 143:99-108. [PMID: 29940366 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the role of potential nitrite (NO2-) accumulation inside sludge flocs in N2O production by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) at different dissolved oxygen (DO) levels with focus on the conditions of no significant bulk NO2- accumulation (<0.2 mg N/L). To this end, an augmented nitrifying sludge with much higher abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) than AOB was enriched and then used for systematically designed batch tests, which targeted a range of DO levels from 0 to 3.0 mg O2/L at a fixed ammonium concentration of 10 mg N/L. A two-pathway N2O model was applied to facilitate the interpretation of batch experimental data, thus shedding light on the relationships between N2O production pathways and key process parameters (i.e., DO and NO2- accumulation inside sludge flocs). The results demonstrated (i) the biomass specific N2O production rate firstly increased and then decreased with DO, with the maximum value of 3.03 ± 0.05 mg N/h/g VSS obtained at DO level of 0.75 mg O2/L, (ii) the AOB denitrification pathway for N2O production was dominant (98.0%) at all DO levels tested even without significant bulk NO2- accumulation (<0.2 mg N/L) observed in the system, but its contribution decreased with DO, (iii) DO had a positive impact on the hydroxylamine pathway for N2O production which therefore increased with DO, and (iv) the nitrite accumulation existed inside the sludge flocs and induced significant N2O production from the AOB denitrification pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Chen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Boonnorat J, Techkarnjanaruk S, Honda R, Ghimire A, Angthong S, Rojviroon T, Phanwilai S. Enhanced micropollutant biodegradation and assessment of nitrous oxide concentration reduction in wastewater treated by acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:771-779. [PMID: 29758432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the micropollutant biodegradation and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration reduction in high strength wastewater treated by two-stage activated sludge (AS) systems with (bioaugmented) and without (non-bioaugmented) acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation. The bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented systems were operated in parallel for 228 days, with three levels of concentrations of organics, nitrogen, and micropollutants in the influent: conditions 1 (low), 2 (moderate), and 3 (high). The results showed that, under condition 1, both systems efficiently removed the organic and nitrogen compounds. However, the bioaugmented system was more effective in the micropollutant biodegradation and N2O concentration reduction than the non-bioaugmented one. Under condition 2, the nitrogen and micropollutant biodegradation efficiency of the non-bioaugmented system slightly decreased, while the N2O concentration declined in the bioaugmented system. Under condition 3, the treatment performance and N2O concentration abatement were substantially lowered as the compounds concentration increased. Further analysis also showed that the acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation increased the bacterial diversity in the system. In essence, the acclimatized sludge bioaugmentation strategy was highly effective for the influent with low compounds concentration, achieving the organics and nitrogen removal efficiencies of 92-97%, relative to 71-97% of the non-bioaugmented system. The micropollutant treatment efficiency of the bioaugmented system under condition 1 was 75-92%, indicating significant improvement in the treatment performance (p < 0.05), compared with 60-79% of the non-bioaugmented system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
| | - Somkiet Techkarnjanaruk
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ryo Honda
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Anish Ghimire
- Center for Postgraduate Studies, Nepal Engineering College, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sivakorn Angthong
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Thammasak Rojviroon
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Phanwilai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Yogev U, Atari A, Gross A. Nitrous oxide emissions from near-zero water exchange brackish recirculating aquaculture systems. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:603-610. [PMID: 29454201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with low water exchange has accelerated in recent years as a result of environmental, economic and other concerns. In these systems, fish are commonly grown at high density, 50 to 150kg/m3, using high-protein (30%-60%) feeds. Typically, the RAS consists of a solid treatment and a nitrification unit; in more advanced RAS, there is an additional denitrification step. Nitrous oxide (N2O), a byproduct during nitrification and denitrification processes, is a potent greenhouse gas that destroys the ozone layer. The aim of this study was to measure and assess N2O emissions from a near-zero discharge land-based saline RAS. N2O flux was monitored from the RAS's fish tank, and moving-bed nitrification and activated-sludge (with intrinsic C source) denitrification reactors. N2O emission potential was also analyzed in the laboratory. N2O flux from the denitrification reactors ranged between 6.5 and 48mg/day, equivalent to 1.27±1.01% of the removed nitrate-N. Direct analysis from the fish tank and nitrification reactors could not be performed due to high aeration, which diluted the N2O concentration to below detection limits. Thus, its potential emission was estimated in the laboratory: from the fishponds, it was negligible; from the nitrification reactor, it ranged between 0.4 and 2.8% of the total ammonia-N oxidized. The potential N2O emission from the denitrification reactor was 3.72±2.75% of the reduced nitrate-N, within the range found in the direct measurement. Overall, N2O emission during N transformation in a RAS was evaluated to be 885mg/kg feed or 1.36g/kg fish production, accounting for 1.23% of total N application. Consequently, it is estimated that N2O emission from aquaculture currently accounts for 2.4% of the total agricultural N2O emission, but will decrease to 1.7% by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Yogev
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Adiel Atari
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
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29
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Marques R, Ribera-Guardia A, Santos J, Carvalho G, Reis MAM, Pijuan M, Oehmen A. Denitrifying capabilities of Tetrasphaera and their contribution towards nitrous oxide production in enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes. Water Res 2018; 137:262-272. [PMID: 29550729 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Denitrifying enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems can be an efficient means of removing phosphate (P) and nitrate (NO3-) with low carbon source and oxygen requirements. Tetrasphaera is one of the most abundant polyphosphate accumulating organisms present in EBPR systems, but their capacity to achieve denitrifying EBPR has not previously been determined. An enriched Tetrasphaera culture, comprising over 80% of the bacterial biovolume was obtained in this work. Despite the denitrification capacity of Tetrasphaera, this culture achieved only low levels of anoxic P-uptake. Batch tests with different combinations of NO3-, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrous oxide (N2O) revealed lower N2O accumulation by Tetrasphaera as compared to Accumulibacter and Competibacter when multiple electron acceptors were added. Electron competition was observed during the addition of multiple nitrogen electron acceptors species, where P uptake appeared to be slightly favoured over glycogen production in these situations. This study increases our understanding of the role of Tetrasphaera-related organisms in denitrifying EBPR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Anna Ribera-Guardia
- ICRA, Institut Català de Recerca de L'Aigua, Parc Científic I Tecnològic de La Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Santos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilda Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maite Pijuan
- ICRA, Institut Català de Recerca de L'Aigua, Parc Científic I Tecnològic de La Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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30
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Ma L, Tong W, Chen H, Sun J, Wu Z, He F. Quantification of N 2O and NO emissions from a small-scale pond-ditch circulation system for rural polluted water treatment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:946-956. [PMID: 29734640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pond-ditch circulation system (PDCS) is an efficient and economical solution for the restoration of degraded rural water environments. However, little is known about nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions in the microbial removal process of nitrogen in PDCSs, and their contribution to nitrogen removal. The aim of this study was to quantify N2O and NO emissions from the PDCS, evaluate their capacities, and elucidate the key environmental factors controlling them. The results showed that N2O and NO fluxes were in the ranges 1.1-2055.1μgNm-2h-1 and 0.1-6.8μgNm-2h-1 for the PDCS, respectively. Meanwhile, the N2O and NO fluxes from the two ponds in the PDCS were significantly higher than those in the static system. Moreover, the amount of N2O and NO emissions in the PDCS accounted for 0.17-4.32% of the total nitrogen (TN) removal. According to the partial least squares (PLS) approach and Pearson's correlation coefficients, nitrate nitrogen in water (W-NO3--N), dissolved oxygen in water (W-DO), dissolved oxygen in sediment (DO), pH in water (W-pH), pH in sediment (pH), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly affected the N2O flux (p<0.05), whereas W-NO3--N, DO, and nitrite nitrogen in sediment (NO2--N) significantly affected the NO emission (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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31
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Dong W, Guo J, Xu L, Song Z, Zhang J, Tang A, Zhang X, Leng C, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang L, Yu Y, Yang Z, Yu Y, Meng Y, Lai Y. Water regime-nitrogen fertilizer incorporation interaction: Field study on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice agroecosystem in Harbin, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 64:289-297. [PMID: 29478650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water regime and nitrogen (N) fertilizer are two important factors impacting greenhouse gases (GHG) emission from paddy field, whereas their effects have not been well studied in cold region. In this study, we conducted a two-year field experiment to study the impacts of water regime and N fertilizer on rice yields and GHG emissions in Harbin, China, a cold region located in high latitudes. Our results showed that intermittent irrigation significantly decreased methane (CH4) emission compared with continuous flooding, however, the decrement was far lower than the global average level. The N2O emissions were very small when flooded but peaked at the beginning of the disappearance of floodwater. The N fertilizer treatments increased CH4 emissions at low level (75kgN/ha). But both CH4 and N2O emissions were uninfluenced at the levels of 150kgN/ha and 225kgN/ha. Rice yields increased under intermittent irrigation and were highest at the level of 150kgN/ha. From our results, we recommended that the intermittent irrigation and 150kgN/ha as the ideal water regime-nitrogen fertilizer incorporation for this area to achieve low GHG emissions without impacting rice yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Dong
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Harbin 150086, China; Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; Northern Japonica Rice Molecular Breeding Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130124, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ao Tang
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xijuan Zhang
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; Northern Japonica Rice Molecular Breeding Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chunxu Leng
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Youhong Liu
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lianmin Wang
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhongliang Yang
- Rice Institute of Wuchang, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuchang 150229, China
| | - Yilei Yu
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Ying Meng
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
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32
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Bian R, Sun Y, Li W, Ma Q, Chai X. Co-composting of municipal solid waste mixed with matured sewage sludge: The relationship between N 2O emissions and denitrifying gene abundance. Chemosphere 2017; 189:581-589. [PMID: 28963975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting is an alternative measure to the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). However, it produces nitrous oxide (N2O), a highly potent greenhouse via microbial nitrification and denitrification. In this study, the effects of matured sewage sludge (MSS) amendment on N2O emissions and the inter-relationships between N2O emissions and the abundance of denitrifying bacteria were investigated during aerobic composting of MSW. The results demonstrated that MSW composting with MSS amendments (C1, and C2, with a MSW to MSS ratio of 2:1 and 4:1, (v/v), respectively) significantly increased N2O emissions during the initial stage, yet contributed to the mitigation of N2O emissions during the cooling and maturation stage. MSS amended composting emitted a total of 18.4%-25.7% less N2O than the control treatment without MSS amendment (CK). Matured sewage sludge amendment also significantly altered the abundance of denitrifying bacteria. The quantification of denitrifying functional genes revealed that the N2O emission rate had a significant positive correlation with the abundance of the nirS, nirK genes in both treatments with MSS amendment. The nosZ/(nirS + nirK) ratio could be a good indicator for predicting N2O emissions. The higher N2O emission rate during the initial stage of composting mixed with MSS was characterized by lower nosZ/(nirS + nirK) ratios, compared to CK treatment. Higher ratios of nosZ/(nirS + nirK) were measured during the cooling and maturation stage in treatments with MSS which resulted in a reduction of the N2O emissions. These results demonstrated that MSS amendment could be a valid strategy for mitigating N2O emissions during MSW composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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33
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Rezaei Rashti M, Wang WJ, Chen CR, Reeves SH, Scheer C. Assessment of N 2O emissions from a fertilised vegetable cropping soil under different plant residue management strategies using 15N tracing techniques. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:479-487. [PMID: 28448937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined application of plant residues and N fertilisers strongly affect soil mineral N dynamics and N2O emissions depending on the quality of the plant residues, their application methods and other management strategies. We investigated the effect of combined application of two vegetable plant residues (cauliflower and sweet corn) and 15N fertiliser on N dynamics and N2O emission in a glasshouse pot study. The experiment was conducted under two residue management practices (soil incorporation vs surface mulching) over 98days with growing basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants. We also assessed the efficacy of applying the nitrification inhibitor, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to the plant residues, for reducing N loss and mitigating N2O emissions. Application of plant residues, both on the soil surface or into soil, resulted in net N mineralisation and increased cumulative N2O emission compared with the application of N fertiliser alone. Soil surface mulching of sweet corn decreased total and residue-induced cumulative N2O emission compared with the incorporation method, while it showed opposite effect on N2O emissions from cauliflower residue. The application of DMPP with sweet corn residue reduced total, residue- and fertiliser-induced N2O emissions; however its application with cauliflower residue did not show any mitigating effect on the N2O emissions. The residue application methods and the use of DMPP did not significantly affect 15N recovery by the basil plants. In contrast, soil incorporation of these residues doubled the microbial immobilisation of applied 15N into soil organic matter. Linear regression analysis of N2O emission during the experimental period indicated that in the treatments without DMPP application, soil NO3--N concentration was the most important factor in controlling the magnitude of N2O emissions, while the application of DMPP changed the dominant regulating factor from NO3--N to NH4+-N concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezaei Rashti
- Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation (DSITI), Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia; Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - W J Wang
- Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation (DSITI), Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - C R Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia; Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - S H Reeves
- Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation (DSITI), Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - C Scheer
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Li W, Sun Y, Li G, Liu Z, Wang H, Zhang D. Contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N 2O emissions from aged refuse bioreactor at different feeding loads of ammonia substrates. Waste Manag 2017; 68:319-328. [PMID: 28662844 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas, and its emissions from microbial nitrification (NF) and denitrification (DNF) are a threat to the environment. In the present study, a combined approach consisting of 15N stable isotope and molecular biology (qPCR) was used to determine the contributions of autotrophic nitrification (ANF), heterotrophic nitrification (HNF), and DNF to N2O emissions in laboratory incubations of aged refuse for different ammonia (NH4+-N) loads (200, 400, and 800mg·NH4+-N/kg·aged refuse) and incubation times (2-144h). Experimental results showed that the N2O emissions increased with the increase in applied amount of NH4+-N substrates. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) were demonstrated to be present in the incubations of aged refuse. The results of 15N stable isotope labelling experiment indicated that NF (54.60%-68.8%) and DNF (83.38%-85.90%) contributed to majority of N2O emissions in the incubations of 24h and 72h, respectively. The results of functional genes (amoA and nosZ) quantification experiments indicated that the high gene copies of amoA and nosZ were present at 24h and 72h, respectively. The study also demonstrated the utility of a combined stable isotope and molecular biology approach. The approaches not only provide similar inferences about the N2O emissions, but also enable the determination of relative contributions of ANF, HNF, and DNF to N2O emissions. The results of the study are important in providing guidance to artificially optimize the operating conditions for alleviating N2O emissions in aged refuse bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Gongwei Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ziliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Dalei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
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35
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Kim M, Wu G, Yoo C. Quantification of nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions and soluble microbial product (SMP) production by a modified AOB-NOB-N 2O-SMP model. Bioresour Technol 2017; 227:227-238. [PMID: 28038400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model able to quantify nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and soluble microbial product (SMP) production during wastewater treatment is proposed. The modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model takes into account: (1) two-step nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), (2) N2O production by AOB denitrification under oxygen-limited conditions and (3) SMP production by microbial growth and endogenous respiration. Validity of the modified model is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). To reliably implement the modified model, a model calibration that adjusts model parameters to fit the model outputs to the experimental data is conducted. The results of this study showed that the modeling accuracy of the modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model increases by 19.7% (NH4), 51.0% (NO2), 57.8% (N2O) and 16.7% (SMP) compared to the conventional model which does not consider the two-step nitrification and SMP production by microbial endogenous respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Korea Railroad Research Institute, 76, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - ChangKyoo Yoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Wang Z, Fei X, He S, Huang J, Zhou W. Comparison of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification processes for treating nitrate-contaminated surface water. Sci Total Environ 2017; 579:1706-1714. [PMID: 27923576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare the nitrogen removal rate, effluent algal growth potential (AGP), nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) between two laboratory-scale bioreactors: the autotrophic denitrification biofilter (ADBF) and heterotrophic denitrification biofilter (HDBF) for treating nitrate-contaminated surface water. The comparative study of nitrogen removal rate between ADBF and HDBF was conducted by a long-term experiment, and the comparative study of the effluent AGP, N2O emissions and GWP between ADBF and HDBF were carried out by the corresponding batch tests. The results show that the heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification rates were close to each other. Besides, the AGP of the ADBF effluent was 2.08 times lower than that of the HDBF effluent, while the N2O concentration in off-gas emitted from HDBF was 6-8 times higher than that from ADBF. The higher N2O-N emission rate of HDBF was mainly responsible for the higher GWP of HDBF than that of ADBF. Furthermore, with a novel light-weight filtration media (NLWFM) for filtration, the autotrophic denitrification (ADN) process combined with biofilter process would be the optimal denitrification process for nitrogen removal from nitrate-contaminated surface water. The study also provided a systematic method for evaluation of biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiang Fei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Jungchen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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37
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Marques R, Rodriguez-Caballero A, Oehmen A, Pijuan M. Assessment of online monitoring strategies for measuring N2O emissions from full-scale wastewater treatment systems. Water Res 2016; 99:171-179. [PMID: 27155989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Clark-Type nitrous oxide (N2O) sensors are routinely used to measure dissolved N2O concentrations in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but have never before been applied to assess gas-phase N2O emissions in full-scale WWTPs. In this study, a full-scale N2O gas sensor was tested and validated for online gas measurements, and assessed with respect to its linearity, temperature dependence, signal saturation and drift prior to full-scale application. The sensor was linear at the concentrations tested (0-422.3, 0-50 and 0-10 ppmv N2O) and had a linear response up to 2750 ppmv N2O. An exponential correlation between temperature and sensor signal was described and predicted using a double exponential equation while the drift did not have a significant influence on the signal. The N2O gas sensor was used for online N2O monitoring in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating domestic wastewater and results were compared with those obtained by a commercial online gas analyser. Emissions were successfully described by the sensor, being even more accurate than the values given by the commercial analyser at N2O concentrations above 500 ppmv. Data from this gas N2O sensor was also used to validate two models to predict N2O emissions from dissolved N2O measurements, one based on oxygen transfer rate and the other based on superficial velocity of the gas bubble. Using the first model, predictions for N2O emissions agreed by 98.7% with the measured by the gas sensor, while 87.0% similarity was obtained with the second model. This is the first study showing a reliable estimation of gas emissions based on dissolved N2O online data in a full-scale wastewater treatment facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ICRA, Institut Català de Recerca de l'Aigua, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Caballero
- ICRA, Institut Català de Recerca de l'Aigua, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maite Pijuan
- ICRA, Institut Català de Recerca de l'Aigua, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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38
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Ohnishi Y, Matsumoto H, Iwamori S. A sterilization system using ultraviolet photochemical reactions based on nitrous oxide and oxygen gases. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 122:59-63. [PMID: 26812575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Active oxygen species (AOS) generated under ultraviolet (UV) lamps can be applied for various industrial processes owing to extremely strong oxidative abilities. We have already reported on an application of the AOS for a sterilization process of microorganisms. Here, a sterilization method using active oxygen generated under ultraviolet (UV) lamps introducing nitrous oxide (N2O) and oxygen gases into a vacuum chamber was investigated. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas was readily produced from N2O by UV photochemical reactions under the low-pressure mercury lamp and then used to sterilize medical devices. We compared the ability of the N2O gas to sterilize Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores with those of conventional methods. Successful sterilization of spores on various biological indicators was achieved within 60 min, not only in sterilization bags but also in a lumen device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Ohnishi
- Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumoto
- Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan; Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd., 1-1, Ichiriyama-cho, Gyoda City, Saitama 361-8505, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwamori
- Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
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Paudel SR, Choi O, Khanal SK, Chandran K, Kim S, Lee JW. Effects of temperature on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from intensive aquaculture system. Sci Total Environ 2015; 518-519:16-23. [PMID: 25747359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of temperature on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a bench-scale intensive aquaculture system rearing Koi fish. The water temperature varied from 15 to 24 °C at interval of 3 °C. Both volumetric and specific rate for nitrification and denitrification declined as the temperature decreased. The concentrations of ammonia and nitrite, however, were lower than the inhibitory level for Koi fish regardless of temperature. The effects of temperature on N2O emissions were significant, with the emission rate and emission factor increasing from 1.11 to 1.82 mg N2O-N/d and 0.49 to 0.94 mg N2O-N/kg fish as the temperature decreased from 24 to 15 °C. A global map of N2O emission from aquaculture was established by using the N2O emission factor depending on temperature. This study demonstrates that N2O emission from aquaculture is strongly dependent on regional water temperatures as well as on fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukra Raj Paudel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohkyung Choi
- Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea; Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea; Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Wang YN, Sun YJ, Wang L, Sun XJ, Wu H, Bian RX, Li JJ. N₂O emission from a combined ex-situ nitrification and in-situ denitrification bioreactor landfill. Waste Manag 2014; 34:2209-2217. [PMID: 25062936 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A combined process comprised of ex-situ nitrification in an aged refuse bioreactor (designated as A bioreactor) and in-situ denitrification in a fresh refuse bioreactor (designated as F bioreactor) was constructed for investigating N2O emission during the stabilization of municipal solid waste (MSW). The results showed that N2O concentration in the F bioreactor varied from undetectable to about 130 ppm, while it was much higher in the A bioreactor with the concentration varying from undetectable to about 900 ppm. The greatly differences of continuous monitoring of N2O emission after leachate cross recirculation in each period were primarily attributed to the stabilization degree of MSW. Moreover, the variation of N2O concentration was closely related to the leachate quality in both bioreactors and it was mainly affected by the COD and COD/TN ratio of leachate from the F bioreactor, as well as the DO, ORP, and NO3(-)-N of leachate from the A bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-nan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ying-jie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-jie Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Sanlihe Subdistrict Office, Jiaozhou, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Rong-xing Bian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jing-jing Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China
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41
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Wei Y, Wang S, Ma B, Li X, Yuan Z, He Y, Peng Y. The effect of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates degradation rate on nitrous oxide production in a denitrifying phosphorus removal system. Bioresour Technol 2014; 170:175-182. [PMID: 25129233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and free nitrous acid (FNA) have been revealed as significant factors causing nitrous oxide (N2O) production in denitrifying phosphorus removal systems. In this study, the effect of PHA degradation rate on N2O production was studied at low FNA levels. N2O production always maintained at approximately 40% of the amount of nitrite reduced independent of the PHA degradation rate. The electrons distributed to nitrite reduction were 1.6 times that to N2O reduction. This indicated that electron competition between these two steps was not affected by the PHA degradation rate. Continuous feed of nitrate was proposed, and demonstrated to reduce N2O accumulation by 75%. While being kept low, a possible compounding effect of a low-level FNA could not be ruled out. The sludge used likely contained both polyphosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms, and the results could not be simply attributed to either group of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Bin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuelan He
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Wang Q, Ye L, Jiang G, Hu S, Yuan Z. Side-stream sludge treatment using free nitrous acid selectively eliminates nitrite oxidizing bacteria and achieves the nitrite pathway. Water Res 2014; 55:245-55. [PMID: 24607525 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal via nitrite (i.e. the nitrite pathway) is beneficial for carbon-limited biological wastewater treatment plants. This study presents a novel strategy for achieving the nitrite pathway, which involves recirculating a portion of the activated sludge through a side-stream sludge treatment unit, where the sludge is subject to treatment with free nitrous acid (FNA i.e. HNO2). The strategy is proposed based on a novel discovery reported in this work that in the concentration range of 0.24-1.35 mg HNO2(-)-N/L, FNA is substantially more biocidal to nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) than to ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) treating synthetic domestic wastewater were used to demonstrate the concept, with one serving as an experimental reactor and the other as a control. In the experimental system, 22% of the sludge from the SBR was transferred to the side-stream treatment unit each day, and was subject to FNA treatment at 1.35 mg N/L for 24 h and then returned to the SBR. The nitrite pathway was rapidly (in 15 d) established in the experimental reactor with an average nitrite accumulation ratio (NO2(-)-N/(NO2(-)-N + NO3(-)-N) × 100%) of above 80%. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization demonstrated that the NOB population in the experimental reactor was 80% lower than that in the control reactor, indicating that the majority of NOB were eliminated from the experimental reactor. The FNA-based strategy for establishing the nitrite pathway substantially improved total nitrogen removal, and did not increase N2O emission or deteriorate sludge settleability. The strategy can be easily integrated with a previously demonstrated strategy, which enhances methane production through pre-treatment of secondary activated sludge, to enable maximum energy recovery while achieving improved nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Sun Y, Wang YN, Sun X, Wu H, Zhang H. Production characteristics of N2O during stabilization of municipal solid waste in an intermittent aerated semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill. Waste Manag 2013; 33:2729-2736. [PMID: 24011970 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An intermittent aerated semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill has the advantages such as accelerating stabilization of municipal solid waste (MSW), reducing methane, and in situ nitrogen removal. However, the introduction of air into a nutrient rich environment induces nitrification and denitrification processes, as well as the potential to generate N species at intermediate oxidation states, including nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, a simulated intermittent aerated semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill was designed and operated for 262 d in order to establish the production characteristics of N2O. The N2O concentration changed significantly with the degree of MSW stabilization, a low concentration level ranged from undetectable to 100 ppm in the initial stabilization period, then one or two orders of magnitude higher in the later stabilization period compared with the initial period. It is clear that N2O production is relevant to the biodegradable organics in leachate and refuse. Once the biodegradable carbon sources were insufficient, which limited the activity of denitrifying organisms, higher N2O production began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Sun
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China
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