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New EK, Tnah SK, Voon KS, Yong KJ, Procentese A, Yee Shak KP, Subramonian W, Cheng CK, Wu TY. The application of green solvent in a biorefinery using lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114385. [PMID: 35104699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high dependence on crude oil for energy utilization leads to a necessity of finding alternative sustainable resources. Solvents are often employed in valorizing the biomass into bioproducts and other value-added chemicals during treatment stages. Unfortunately, despite the effectiveness of conventional solvents, hindrances such as expensive solvents, unfavourable environmental ramifications, and complicated downstream separation systems often occur. Therefore, the scientific community has been actively investigating more cost-effective, environmentally friendly alternatives and possess the excellent dissolving capability for biomass processing. Generally, 'green' solvents are attractive due to their low toxicity, economic value, and biodegradability. Nonetheless, green solvents are not without disadvantages due to their complicated product recovery, recyclability, and high operational cost. This review summarizes and evaluates the recent contributions, including potential advantages, challenges, and drawbacks of green solvents, namely ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, water, biomass-derived solvents and carbon dioxide in transforming the lignocellulosic biomass into high-value products. Moreover, research opportunities for future developments and potential upscale implementation of green solvents are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kein New
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shen Khang Tnah
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khai Shing Voon
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP), School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khai Jie Yong
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Alessandra Procentese
- DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katrina Pui Yee Shak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wennie Subramonian
- School of Computing, Engineering & Design Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Zhao L, Sun ZF, Zhang CC, Nan J, Ren NQ, Lee DJ, Chen C. Advances in pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: Challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126123. [PMID: 34653621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a clean and renewable energy, bioenergy is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels. Lignocellulose possesses great potential for bioenergy production, but the recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure limits its application. Pretreatment technology offers an effective solution to fractionate the main components of the lignocellulose and uncover the available cellulose. The obtained feedstock can be applied to bioconversion into energy, e.g., bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, etc. Here, the current state of lignocellulose pretreatment technologies was comprehensively reviewed, the advances in bioenergy production from pretreated lignocellulose was described, with particular attention to key challenges involved. Several new strategies for overcoming pretreatment barriers to realize highly efficient lignocellulose bioconversion were highlighted. The insights given in this review will facilitate further development on lignocellulosic bioenergy production, towards addressing the global energy crisis and climate change related to the use of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhong-Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Zabihi S, Sharafi A, Motamedi H, Esmaeilzadeh F, Doherty WOS. Environmentally friendly acetic acid/steam explosion/supercritical carbon dioxide system for the pre-treatment of wheat straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37867-37881. [PMID: 33723770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is required to achieve an effective enzymatic saccharification process. At the present time, most of the touted pre-treatment technologies would cause environmental pollution and unsustainable water use for the pretreated material prior to enzymatic saccharification. To address these shortcomings, the pretreatment technology which combines the supercritical CO2, SC-CO2 (a green solvent), acetic acid, and steam explosion was used to assess the pretreatment of wheat straw for enzymatic saccharification. The effects of solvent concentration, impregnation temperature and time, pre-treatment time, and temperature, as well as SC-CO2 pressure, contact time, and temperature, were evaluated. The results identified that at the optimum SC-CO2 pressure of 18 MPa, the highest amount of reducing sugars (RS) was produced from the cellulosic pulp using Acetic acid/Steam/SC-CO2 at 200 °C for 30 min, a value 20% more than the pulp produced with the Water/Steam/SC-CO2. The effectiveness of the pretreatment process was attributed not only to delignification and defibrillation but also to the exposure of the cellulose structure evidenced from the proportion of the β-glycosidic linkages as shown by FTIR. Passing SC-CO2 after the pretreatment reduces the amounts of fermentation inhibitors and eliminates the use of wash water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyar Zabihi
- Department of Process Engineering, Research and Development Department, Shazand-Arak Oil Refinery Company, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Sharafi
- Department of Process Engineering, Research and Development Department, Shazand-Arak Oil Refinery Company, Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Motamedi
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Feridun Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery Institute, Advanced Research Group for Gas Condensate Recovery, University, Shiraz, Shiraz, 7134851154, Iran.
| | - William O S Doherty
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Badgujar KC, Dange R, Bhanage BM. Recent advances of use of the supercritical carbon dioxide for the biomass pre-treatment and extraction: A mini-review. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lignocellulolytic Enzymes in Biotechnological and Industrial Processes: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tons of anthropological activities contribute daily to the massive amount of lignocellulosic wastes produced annually. Unfortunately, their full potential usually is underutilized, and most of the biomass ends up in landfills. Lignocellulolytic enzymes are vital and central to developing an economical, environmentally friendly, and sustainable biological method for pre-treatment and degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which can lead to the release of essential end products such as enzymes, organic acids, chemicals, feed, and biofuel. Sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass via hydrolysis is achievable by lignocellulolytic enzymes, which can be used in various applications, including but not limited to biofuel production, the textile industry, waste treatment, the food and drink industry, personal care industry, health and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, for this to materialize, feasible steps to overcome the high cost of pre-treatment and lower operational costs such as handling, storage, and transportation of lignocellulose waste need to be deployed. Insight on lignocellulolytic enzymes and how they can be exploited industrially will help develop novel processes that will reduce cost and improve the adoption of biomass, which is more advantageous. This review focuses on lignocellulases, their use in the sustainable conversion of waste biomass to produce valued-end products, and challenges impeding their adoption.
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Putrino FM, Tedesco M, Bodini RB, Oliveira ALD. Study of supercritical carbon dioxide pretreatment processes on green coconut fiber to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123387. [PMID: 32320923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green coconut fiber was treated by supercritical CO2 with the aim to enhance hydrolysis of its enzymatic cellulose. To this end, different static conditions of CO2 contact times (3 and 5 h) and polarity modifiers (NaOH, NaHSO4, ethanol) were evaluated at 20 MPa, 70 °C and 1 h of dynamic extraction followed by fast depressurization. After supercritical CO2 exposition, SEM images showed fiber damage and FTIR spectra showed decreases of phenolic and wax contents, including a reduction in the degree of the hydrogen bond established between lignin and cellulose. Despite the apparent delignification, supercritical CO2 did not enhance cellulose enzymatic hydrolyses. Fiber exposed to supercritical CO2 (5 h) demonstrated that the highest sugar content (540.9 μmol glucose likely limited supercritical CO2 delignification; however, green coconut in natura can be an innovative substrate for fermentation in alcohol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Marques Putrino
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Marcela Tedesco
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa Bodini
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lopes de Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.
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Escobar ELN, da Silva TA, Pirich CL, Corazza ML, Pereira Ramos L. Supercritical Fluids: A Promising Technique for Biomass Pretreatment and Fractionation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:252. [PMID: 32391337 PMCID: PMC7191036 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses are primarily composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and these biopolymers are bonded together in a heterogeneous matrix that is highly recalcitrant to chemical or biological conversion processes. Thus, an efficient pretreatment technique must be selected and applied to this type of biomass in order to facilitate its utilization in biorefineries. Classical pretreatment methods tend to operate under severe conditions, leading to sugar losses by dehydration and to the release of inhibitory compounds such as furfural (2-furaldehyde), 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfural (5-HMF), and organic acids. By contrast, supercritical fluids can pretreat lignocellulosic materials under relatively mild pretreatment conditions, resulting in high sugar yields, low production of fermentation inhibitors and high susceptibilities to enzymatic hydrolysis while reducing the consumption of chemicals, including solvents, reagents, and catalysts. This work presents a review of biomass pretreatment technologies, aiming to deliver a state-of-art compilation of methods and results with emphasis on supercritical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephanie Laura Nottar Escobar
- Applied Kinetics and Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alessandre da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cleverton Luiz Pirich
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lúcio Corazza
- Applied Kinetics and Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Achinas S, Euverink GJW. Elevated biogas production from the anaerobic co-digestion of farmhouse waste: Insight into the process performance and kinetics. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2019; 37:1240-1249. [PMID: 31532334 PMCID: PMC6859599 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19873383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradable portion of solid waste generated in farmhouses can be treated for energy recovery with small portable biogas plants. This action can be done across the Netherlands and all around the planet. This study aims to appraise the performance of anaerobic digestion of different wastes (cow manure, food waste and garden waste) obtained from a regional farmhouse. Batch reactors were established under mesophilic conditions in order to investigate the impact of ternary mixtures on the anaerobic digestion process performance. Different mixing ratios were set in the batch tests. The upshots from the experiments connoted that ternary digestion with cow manure:food waste:garden waste mixing ratio of 40:50:10 yielded higher biogas amount. The kinetics' results showed quite good congruence with the experimental study. The results from the kinetic analysis appeared to be in line with the experimental one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Achinas
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Abstract
Biofuels production is expected to be an intrinsic confluence to the renewable energy sector in the coming years under the European regulations for renewable energy. Key standpoints of the biofuels promotions are the reduction of national carbon emissions and rural deployment. Despite jubilant outlook of biofuels for sustainable development, research efforts still tend to link the biofuel industry and regional growth. The aim of this study is to explore and review the biofuels industry through a socio-political, techno-economic, legal and environmental (PESTLE) analysis approach, and discuss the interrelation between technological facets and sustainable deployment.
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Preliminary Assessment of a Biogas-based Power Plant from Organic Waste in the North Netherlands. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12214034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biogas is expected to play a crucial role in achieving the energy targets set by the European Union. Biogas, which mainly comprises methane and carbon dioxide, is produced in an anaerobic reactor, which transforms biomass into biogas. A consortium of anaerobic bacteria and archaea produces biogas during the anaerobic digestion (AD) of various types of feedstocks, such as animal slurries, energy crops, and agricultural residues. A biogas-fed gas turbine-generator and steam generator produce heat and power. In this study, a combined heat and power installation is studied. The biogas-based power plant treating cow manure, grass straw, and sugar beet pulp was examined using the software SuperPro Designer, and the obtained economic reports are evaluated. From the results, subsidy for electricity does not change the feasibility of the plants in case that cow manure or sugar beet pulp are used as feedstocks. The net present value (NPV) of biogas plants treating cow manure and sugar beet pulp was negative and the subsidy is not sufficient to make profitable these cases. The biogas power plant treating straw showed a positive net present value even without subsidy, which means that it is more desirable to invest in a plant that produces electricity and digestate from grass straw.
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