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Hou X, Hu T, Li H, Henry S, Ren S, Xi J, Mõttus R. Construct Validity, Longitudinal Measurement Invariance, Incremental Validity, and Predictive Validity of the Original Grit Scale in Chinese Young Adults. J Pers Assess 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38959132 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2367547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Although many studies have attempted to validate grit scales because of the construct's popularity, most have considered the shorter rather than the longer Original Grit Scale (Grit-O). We examined the Grit-O's construct validity, longitudinal measurement invariance, incremental validity for academic performance, and longitudinal predictive validity for subjective well-being among young Chinese. We used a cross-sectional sample of 3,322 college students and a longitudinal sample of 1,884 college students, tested twice over 10 months. The first-order factor model fit the data better than other models and showed partial configural and metric measurement invariance over time. Grit and its two facets longitudinally predicted subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, happiness, positive affect, negative affect, and depression) but had negligible incremental validity for two semesters' grades after controlling for conscientiousness. So, while the Grit-O could be a useful construct for young adults, its predictive value overlaps with a better-established construct, conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Hou
- The Key Research Institute of Chongqing for Curriculum & Instruction, School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianqiang Hu
- School of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sam Henry
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shengtao Ren
- School of Public Foundation, Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou, China
| | - Juzhe Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Positive Education China Academy (PECA) of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, China Research Institute of Care and Education of Infants and Young Children, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Bae SW, Kim JG, Park BS, Lee K, Park J. Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the short form of grit scale in Korean adolescents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296795. [PMID: 38241271 PMCID: PMC10798495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the factor structure of the Korean version of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) and examine its cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement invariance (MI). Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 were analyzed, which included two cohorts, comprising 2,327 and 2,325 fourth-year elementary and first-year middle school students, respectively. It was found that the two-factor model fit the data well for the elementary and middle school samples. The results of the cross-sectional MI tests across genders indicated that the full threshold and loading invariance were also supported for the elementary school sample, and the partial threshold and loading invariance were supported for the middle school sample. The analyses of the longitudinal MI revealed that the partial threshold and loading invariance were supported for both samples. The reliability analysis revealed satisfactory McDonald's Omega values for both samples at each time point and moderate stability coefficients over time. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the Korean version of the Grit-S demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and exhibited MI across gender and time in Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Bae
- Division of Social Welfare, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Geun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Park
- Department of Social Welfare, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju-si, Gangwon State, Republic of Korea
| | - Keungeun Lee
- Division of Social Welfare, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyu Park
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Rost DH, Feng X. Academic Self-Concept Wins the Race: The Prediction of Achievements in Three Major School Subjects by Five Subject-Specific Self-Related Variables. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:40. [PMID: 38247692 PMCID: PMC10813676 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of self-related constructs in predicting academic achievement has been increasingly emphasized in recent decades. Typically, bivariate associations of self-related variables with achievements have been reported. Research quantifying the combined predictive power of more than two self-variables has been scarce. Moreover, except for the academic self-concept, these variables have almost always been measured across domains, i.e., without considering the specifics of individual school subjects. The current study aimed to statistically predict academic achievement (operationalized via school grades) in three major subjects (Chinese (native language), mathematics, and English (foreign language)) by using subject-tied scales, namely academic self-concept, conscientiousness, need for cognition, perseverance of effort, and consistency of interest. The sample comprised 791 Chinese adolescents. Each scale was related separately to each of the three school subjects. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were run. The control variable, biological sex, accounted for 2% of Chinese grades and 8% of English grades, but not of mathematics grades. Adding subject-specific self-concept scales increased the explained variance to 7% (Chinese), 16% (mathematics), and 32% (English). Further additions to the other four self-related scales did not increase the variances that were accounted for. The discussion underlines the relevance of subject-specific academic self-concepts as predictors for subject-tied academic achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef H. Rost
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Research Center for Modern Linguistics and Foreign Language Education, College of International Studies, Southwest University Chongqing, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China;
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Xu L, Wang Z, Tao Z, Yu C. English-learning stress and performance in Chinese college students: A serial mediation model of academic anxiety and academic burnout and the protective effect of grit. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1032675. [PMID: 36533059 PMCID: PMC9749891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Having to adapt to a new environment with various other challenges while completing their studies, Chinese college students experience intense stress related to the study of the English language. However, there has been little research on the serial mediating mechanism of English-learning stress on English academic performance. METHODS Present study recruited 1130 undergraduate students to finish self-report online questionnaire to collect the information about their English-learning stress, academic anxiety and burnout, English academic performance and grit. We constructed a moderated serial mediation model to test the effect of academic anxiety and academic burnout and explored whether grit can restrict the decrease in academic performance caused by English-learning stress. RESULTS Results show that: (1) both academic anxiety and academic burnout mediate the relationship between English-learning stress and performance; (2) academic anxiety and academic burnout show a significant serial mediating role between academic pressure and English academic performance; and (3) grit significantly moderates the relationship between academic burnout and English academic performance. DISCUSSION These results lead us to believe that cultivating the grit of Chinese college students may be an effective way to improve the academic performance of those experiencing high English-learning stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Xu
- School of Foreign Studies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tao
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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He C, Wu D, Yang L, Yang L, Yue Y. Psychometric Properties of the Grit-S in Chinese Nurses. Front Psychol 2021; 12:766055. [PMID: 34795621 PMCID: PMC8592908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.766055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grit, as a positive psychological trait, could affect the stability of nursing workforce and nurses’ physical and mental health continuously. The Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) with fewer items than the original Grit Scale was widely used to measure individual trait-level grit. However, the psychological properties of Grit-S among Chinese nurses have not been verified. A self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire was used to investigate 709 Chinese nurses in the study, and Grit-S, Big Five Inventory-44, Brief Self-Control Scale, 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and Task Performance Scale were adopted to collect information of grit, personality, self-control, resilience, and work performance. The confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to verify the psychometric properties of the Grit-S. The results demonstrated that the Grit-S had sound validity and reliability among Chinese nurse samples and had good measurement invariance across nurses in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals. The results of this study provide confidence in using the grit measurement among Chinese nurse in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Nursing, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchuan Yue
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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