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Claydon EA, Davidov DM, DeFazio C, Zullig KJ, Ward RM, Smith KZ. The Relationship Between Sexual Assault, Intimate Partner Violence, and Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among College Students. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2022; 37:63-76. [PMID: 35165160 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-21-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the interrelationship of intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual assault (SA), and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology among a sample of college students (n = 1,580). Students reporting a history of SA were 2.5 times more likely to screen positively for further ED assessment. A history of IPV also increased odds of having a positive ED screener. The model showed that 6% of the variance in ED symptomatology was explained by IPV and SA. Results did not differ based on gender. This study furthers our understanding of the relationship between IPV, SA, and ED to guide future prevention and treatment efforts. Specifically, the use of trauma-informed ED treatment could assist with full ED recovery and other comorbid mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Claydon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Danielle M Davidov
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Caterina DeFazio
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Miami University College of Education, Health, & Society, Oxford, OH
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Ozkan T, Gibson J, Evans L. The Triality of Strain, Self-Control, and Eating Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2019; 63:1384-1408. [PMID: 30608011 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18823460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the potential relationship between eating disorders and antisocial behaviors through the lenses of the general theory of crime and general strain theory. We utilized the data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of juveniles in grades 7 to 12 in the United States between 1994 and 2008. We constructed three separate measures of eating disorders and examined their relationships with both petty theft and aggressive behaviors. Results indicated that previous traumatic experiences (such as sexual abuse) are consistent risk factors for eating disorders, and that eating disorders can increase antisocial involvements. Moreover, eating disorders can diminish self-control and agitate depressed moods, which may increase the likelihood of both petty theft and violent conduct, and this effect can extend to later adulthood as well.
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Vanzhula IA, Calebs B, Fewell L, Levinson CA. Illness pathways between eating disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: Understanding comorbidity with network analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 27:147-160. [PMID: 30084217 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid. However, specific mechanisms by which PTSD-ED comorbidity is maintained are unknown. The current study constructed two PTSD-ED comorbidity networks (25 EDs and 17 PTSD symptoms) in two samples: a clinical (N = 158 individuals with an ED diagnosis) and a nonclinical sample (N = 300 college students). Glasso networks were constructed to identify (1) pathways between disorders (bridge symptoms) and (2) core symptoms. Three illness pathways emerged: between binge eating and irritability, between desire for a flat stomach and disturbing dreams, and between concentration problems and weight and shape-related concentration problems. Our findings suggest that pathways between binge eating and irritability, body dissatisfaction and trauma reminders, and concentration difficulties may be the mechanisms by which comorbidity is maintained. Interventions disrupting these pathways and targeting core and bridge symptoms may be more efficient than traditional treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Vanzhula
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin Calebs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Laura Fewell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cheri A Levinson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Rodrigues M. Do Hispanic Girls Develop Eating Disorders? A Critical Review of the Literature. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2017; 15:189-196. [PMID: 29185363 DOI: 10.1177/1540415317744500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating disorders have become increasingly prevalent in North America. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder were previously thought to solely affect Caucasian women. However, contemporary research has studied the occurrence of this phenomenon in ethnic minority women, such as Latinas. METHODS This article presents a critical review of 12 quantitative, prospective psychological research studies from the past 17 years. RESULTS The authors in the reviewed literature identified bodily dissatisfaction, environmental influences, and acculturation as significant risk factors in the development of eating disorders in Hispanic girls and women. CONCLUSION The methodology and empirical findings from these studies are discussed, and suggestions for future research and culturally sensitive clinical treatment are considered.
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Afifi TO, Sareen J, Fortier J, Taillieu T, Turner S, Cheung K, Henriksen CA. Child maltreatment and eating disorders among men and women in adulthood: Results from a nationally representative United States sample. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:1281-1296. [PMID: 28990206 PMCID: PMC5698735 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child maltreatment is associated with an increased likelihood of having mood disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, and personality disorders, but far less is known about eating disorders. The objective of the current study was to examine the associations between child maltreatment, including harsh physical punishment, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence, and eating disorders in adulthood among men and women. METHOD Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions wave 3 (NESARC-III) collected in 2012-2013. The sample was nationally representative of the United States adult population (N = 36,309). Lifetime eating disorders (anorexia nervosa [AN], bulimia nervosa [BN], and binge-eating disorder [BED]) were assessed using diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria and the alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5). RESULTS The prevalence of any lifetime eating disorder was 1.7% (0.8% among men and 2.7% among women). All child maltreatment types were associated with AN, BN, and BED with notable differences among men and women. Overall, the types of child maltreatment with the strongest relationships with any eating disorder were sexual abuse and physical neglect among men and sexual abuse and emotional abuse among women. DISCUSSION Clinicians should be mindful that child maltreatment experiences are associated with increased odds of eating disorders including AN, BED, and BN. Such relationships are significant among men and women although notable gender differences in these relationships exist. Abstract word count = 248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie O. Afifi
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada,Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada
| | - Jitender Sareen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada
| | - Janique Fortier
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada
| | - Tamara Taillieu
- Applied Health Sciences Program, University of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada
| | - Sarah Turner
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada,Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada
| | - Kristene Cheung
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ManitobaManitobaR3E 0W5Canada
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Update on Psychological Trauma, Other Severe Adverse Experiences and Eating Disorders: State of the Research and Future Research Directions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017. [PMID: 28624866 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper provides an updated review of the literature on the relationship between psychological trauma exposure, other severe adverse experiences, and eating disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Trauma exposure and other severe adverse experiences (e.g., emotional abuse) in both childhood and adulthood are associated with eating disorders. The relationship between traumatic and other adverse experiences and eating disorders appears to be mediated by emotional and behavioral dysregulation, as well as by cognitive factors such as self-criticism. Biological vulnerabilities may also be relevant to this relationship. Overall, the literature is limited by predominantly cross-sectional designs. There is clear evidence of a correlational relationship between trauma exposure and other severe adverse events, and eating disorders. Both risk and maintenance factor hypotheses have been put forth; however, prospective research testing these hypotheses remains limited. Future research should use prospective designs and focus on trauma-related symptoms (rather than trauma exposure) in order to advance research on risk and maintaining factors for eating disorders and inform treatment directions.
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Cachelin FM, Phinney JS, Schug RA, Striegel-Moore RH. Acculturation and Eating Disorders in a Mexican American Community Sample. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose was to investigate acculturation and eating disorders by examining the role of ethnic identity and by utilizing a bidimensional perspective toward two cultures. We predicted that orientation toward European American culture and lower ethnic identity would be positively associated with eating disorders. Participants were 188 Mexican American women recruited from the community (79 with eating disorders and 109 control women). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR and Eating Disorder Examination were used to establish diagnoses. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure assessed Anglo orientation, Mexican orientation, and ethnic identity. Orientation toward Anglo American culture was significantly associated with eating disorders, whereas orientation toward Mexican culture and strength of ethnic identity were not associated with eating disorder status. Findings point to the role of Anglo cultural orientation in the development of eating disorders and underscore the need for future research to utilize bidimensional models.
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Disentangling the Association Between Child Abuse and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychosom Med 2016; 78:79-90. [PMID: 26461853 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the association between distinct types of child abuse--sexual (CSA), physical (CPA), and emotional (CEA)--and different eating disorders (EDs). METHODS Electronic databases were searched through January 2014. Studies reporting rates of CSA, CPA, and CEA in people with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), as compared with individuals without EDs, were included. Pooled analyses were based on odds ratios (ORs), with relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs), weighting each study with inverse variance models with random effects. Risk of publication bias was estimated. RESULTS Thirty-two of 1714 studies assessed for eligibility met the inclusion criteria, involving more than 14,000 individuals. The association between EDs and any child abuse showed a random-effects pooled OR of 3.21 (95% CI = 2.29-4.51, p < .001) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 57.2%, p = .005), whereas for CSA, this was 1.92 (95% CI = 1.13-3.28, p = .017), 2.73 (95% CI = 1.96-3.79, p < .001), and 2.31 (95% CI = 1.66-3.20, p < .001), for AN, BN, and BED, respectively. However, adjusting for publication bias, the estimate for CSA and AN was not significant (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.59-1.88, p = .85). Although CPA was associated with AN, BN, and BED, CEA was associated just with BN and BED. CONCLUSIONS BN and BED are associated with childhood abuse, whereas AN shows mixed results. Individuals with similar trauma should be monitored for early recognition of EDs. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (an international prospective register of systematic reviews) with the reference number CRD42014007360.
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Abstract
This article explores how women understand and experience the relationship between physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and the emergence of an eating disorder in their lives. The past three decades have seen increased attention to the links between abuse and eating disorders; however, the social contexts of abuse, the specific emotions involved, and how these might link to an eating disorder have not been explored. Through an in-depth interview study with 14 women, narrative-discursive analysis reveals how socially situated, abuse-related emotions, such as shame and self-contempt, can play out in an eating disorder and are located within social power relations framed primarily by gender but also by race and class.
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief summary of the literature on eating disorders (EDs) among Latinas in the U.S and presents data that illustrate symptomatology and associated psychopathology in this group. The current empirical evidence suggests similarities between Latinas and white European-American women in regards to risk factors, symptomatology, psychopathology, and prevalence of EDs. Despite these similarities, Latinas are less likely to report dieting, dietary restriction, and are more likely to be obese compared to white women. Although Latinas report distress associated with EDs, only a small proportion ever seek treatment. Several factors appear to contribute to their under-utilization of services including lack of knowledge, stigma, beliefs about seeking treatment, lack of health insurance, and lack of affordable and accessible treatment services. It is unclear whether the identified differences between white and Latina women are the result of cultural factors or are better explained by disparities in SES. Efforts to meet the treatment needs of Latinas in the U.S. should aim to increase awareness and education about EDs in this population and to address cultural beliefs and norms that may act as barriers to treatment utilization. Further, it is important to educate and train healthcare professionals to be aware that EDs may develop in or affect Latina patients, and to develop accessible, culturally-appropriate and cost-effective evidence-based treatments that can be disseminated through partnerships with primary care providers and community organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fary M Cachelin
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, United States
| | - Virginia Gil-Rivas
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, United States
| | - Alyssa Vela
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, United States
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Shea M, Cachelin F, Uribe L, Striegel RH, Thompson D, Wilson GT. Cultural Adaptation of a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Guided Self-Help Program for Mexican American Women With Binge Eating Disorders. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2012; 90:308-318. [PMID: 23645969 DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Data on the compatibility of evidence-based treatment in ethnic minority groups are limited. This study utilized focus group interviews to elicit Mexican American women's (N = 12) feedback on a cognitive behavior therapy guided self-help program for binge eating disorders. Findings revealed 6 themes to be considered during the cultural adaptation process and highlighted the importance of balancing the fidelity and cultural relevance of evidence-based treatment when disseminating it across diverse racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munyi Shea
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles
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Chen LP, Murad MH, Paras ML, Colbenson KM, Sattler AL, Goranson EN, Elamin MB, Seime RJ, Shinozaki G, Prokop LJ, Zirakzadeh A. Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85:618-29. [PMID: 20458101 PMCID: PMC2894717 DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2009.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically assess the evidence for an association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a comprehensive search (from January 1980-December 2008, all age groups, any language, any population) of 9 databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents, PsycINFO, ACP Journal Club, CCTR, CDSR, and DARE. Controlled vocabulary supplemented with keywords was used to define the concept areas of sexual abuse and psychiatric disorders and was limited to epidemiological studies. Six independent reviewers extracted descriptive, quality, and outcome data from eligible longitudinal studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled across studies by using the random-effects model. The I(2) statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS The search yielded 37 eligible studies, 17 case-control and 20 cohort, with 3,162,318 participants. There was a statistically significant association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 2.43-3.94), depression (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.14-3.30), eating disorders (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.04-3.63), posttraumatic stress disorder (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.59-3.43), sleep disorders (OR, 16.17; 95% CI, 2.06-126.76), and suicide attempts (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.98-5.76). Associations persisted regardless of the victim's sex or the age at which abuse occurred. There was no statistically significant association between sexual abuse and a diagnosis of schizophrenia or somatoform disorders. No longitudinal studies that assessed bipolar disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder were found. Associations between sexual abuse and depression, eating disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder were strengthened by a history of rape. CONCLUSION A history of sexual abuse is associated with an increased risk of a lifetime diagnosis of multiple psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Chen
- Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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