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Abosharaf HA, Elsonbaty Y, Tousson E, M Mohamed T. Alzheimer's disease-related brain insulin resistance and the prospective therapeutic impact of metformin. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13356. [PMID: 37985011 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Besides COVID-19, two of the most critical outbreaks of our day are insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each disease's pathophysiology is well established. Furthermore, a substantial overlap between them has coexisted. Uncertainty remains on whether T2DM and AD are parallel illnesses with the same origin or separate illnesses linked through violent pathways. The current study was aimed at testing whether the insulin resistance in the brain results in AD symptoms or not. Insulin resistance was induced in the brains of rats using a single intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) dose. We then measured glucose, insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, and tau phosphorylation in the brain to look for signs of insulin resistance and AD. The results of this study indicated that a single dose of STZ was able to induce insulin resistance in the brain and significantly decline IRS-2. This resistance was accompanied by obvious memory loss, Aβ deposition, and tau phosphorylation, further visible diminishing in neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine. Furthermore, oxidative stress was increased due to the antioxidant system being compromised. Interestingly, the pancreas injury and peripheral insulin resistance coexisted with brain insulin resistance. Indeed, the antidiabetic metformin was able to enhance all these drastic effects. In conclusion, brain insulin resistance could lead to AD and vice versa. These are highly linked syndromes that could influence peripheral organs. Further studies are required to stabilize this putative pathobiology relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A Abosharaf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Elsonbaty
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Amirahmadi S, Hosseini M, Ahmadabady S, Akbarian M, Abrari K, Vafaee F, Rajabian A. Folic acid attenuated learning and memory impairment via inhibition of oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in hypothyroid rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2393-2403. [PMID: 34562187 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline. Considering the role of folic acid (FA) in cognitive performance, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of FA on hypothyroidism-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative damage, and alterations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rat model of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism. In this study, PTU (0.05% in drinking water) and FA (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, oral gavage) were administered for the rats during 7 weeks. Then, behavioral performance was tested using Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tasks. Finally, oxidative stress indicators and AChE activity were assayed in the brain tissues. The impairing effect of hypothyroidism on cognitive performance was markedly alleviated by FA especially at higher doses. In the MWM test, FA reduced escape latency and travelled distance, compared to the non-treated hypothyroid group. In the PA test, latency to enter dark chamber was significantly enhanced by FA compared to the non-treated hypothyroid group (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). Besides, FA attenuated AChE activity and malondialdehyde level but it increased activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and total thiol content (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings revealed that FA could improve learning and memory ability in hypothyroid rats. The observed protective effects may have been mediated through regulation of oxidative stress and AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiheh Amirahmadi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somaieh Ahmadabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsan Akbarian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Goodarzi-Khoigani M, Mardanian F, Mazloomy Mahmoodabad S, Baghiani Moghadam M, Nadjarzadeh A, Feizi A, Allameh Z, Molavi S. The association between serum TSH concentration whithin the normal range and nutritional status in euthyroid pregnant women at the first trimester of gestation. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:93. [PMID: 34899931 PMCID: PMC8607178 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_780_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Altwaijry N, El-Masry TA, Alotaibi B, Tousson E, Saleh A. Therapeutic effects of rocket seeds (Eruca sativa L.) against testicular toxicity and oxidative stress caused by silver nanoparticles injection in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:952-960. [PMID: 32293792 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), one of the most well-known nanomaterials, are regularly utilized in everyday consumer products. The present study aimed to investigate the testicular toxicity and oxidative stress by AgNPs and the therapeutic role of the rocket seeds (Eruca sativa) in treatments. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four equivalent groups (group 1, control; group 2, rocket seeds extract [RS]; group 3, AgNPs; group 4, AgNPs+RS). Our results showed that AgNPs induced a significant decrease in serum total testosterone, FSH (follicle-animating hormone), prolactin and LH (luteinizing hormone), testicular glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In contrast, a significant increase in testicular DNA, injury, testicular thiobarbituric acid, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expressions after treatments with AgNPs when contrasted with the control group. Treatments of AgNPs with rocket seeds extract (AgNPs+RS) improved testicular functions and structure. Rocket seeds extract might offer benefits against the toxic nature of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Altwaijry
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Badriyah Alotaibi
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Jiang Q, Lu D, Wang F, Zhang Y, Cao L, Gui Y, Sun S. Folic acid supplement rescues ethanol-induced developmental defects in the zebrafish embryos. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:536-545. [PMID: 32369106 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FASD) describes a range of birth defects. Mechanisms of FASD-associated defects are not well understood. It has great significance to investigate whether nutrient supplements like folic acid (FA) can effectively rescue ethanol-induced defects. Moreover, it is very important to determine the optimal time for FA supplementation when it can most effectively antagonize the teratogenic effects of ethanol during embryonic development. Our results indicated that ethanol exposure interrupted the development of zebrafish embryos and induced multiple defects in cardiac function, pharyngeal arch arteries, vessel, craniofacial cartilage, pharyngeal arches, brain, somite and hemoglobin formation. The expressions of critical genes that play important roles in above organs such as tbx1, flk-1, hand2, ngn1, huc, titin, gata-1 and c-myb were reduced, and the apoptosis was increased in ethanol-treated group. FA supplementation could reverse ethanol-induced defects, improve the decreased expressions of above genes and reduce the apoptosis. We also found that giving FA at 6-12 h post-fertilization (hpf), which is at the gastrula period (5.25-10 hpf), can obviously prevent the teratogenicity of ethanol. This research provides clues for elucidating the mechanism of fetal abnormalities caused by alcohol intake and for preventing FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ding Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Municipal Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yonghao Gui
- Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Qiu S, Shen Y, Zhang L, Ma B, Amadu AA, Ge S. Antioxidant assessment of wastewater-cultivated Chlorella sorokiniana in Drosophila melanogaster. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mohammed DAE, Ahmed RR, Ahmed RG. Maternal lithium chloride exposure alters the neuroendocrine-cytokine axis in neonatal albino rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:123-138. [PMID: 31994228 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to clarify whether maternal lithium chloride (LiCl) exposure disrupts the neonatal neuroendocrine-cytokine axis. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally administrated 50 mg LiCl/kg b.wt. from gestational day (GD) 1 to postpartum day 28. Maternal administration of LiCl induced a hypothyroid state in both dams and their neonates compared to the control dams and neonates at lactation days (LDs) 14, 21 and 28, where the levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) were decreased and the level of serum thyrotropin (TSH) level was increased. A noticeable depression in maternal body weight gain, neonatal body weight and neonatal serum growth hormone (GH) was observed on all examined postnatal days (PNDs; 14, 21 and 28). A single abortion case was recorded at GD 17, and three dead neonates were noted at birth in the LiCl-treated group. Maternal administration of LiCl disturbed the levels of neonatal serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), leptin, adiponectin and resistin at all tested PNDs compared to the control group. This administration produced a stimulatory action on the level of neonatal cerebral serotonin (5-HT) at PND 14 and on the level of neonatal cerebral norepinephrine (NE) at PNDs 21 and 28. However, this administration produced an inhibitory action on the level of neonatal cerebral dopamine (DA) at all examined PNDs and on the level of neonatal cerebral NE at PND 14 and the level of neonatal cerebral 5-HT at PNDs 21 and 28 compared to the corresponding control group. Thus, maternal LiCl exposure-induced hypothyroidism disrupts the neonatal neuroendocrine-cytokine system, which delay cerebral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena A-E Mohammed
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Ahmed
- Division of Histology and Cytology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - R G Ahmed
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Maksoud NA, Aal KA, Ghandour N, El-Baz M, Shaltout E. Assessment of Hematotoxicity and Genotoxicity among paint Workers in Assiut Governorate: a case control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-017-0029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lipovac M, Bodner F, Imhof M, Chedraui P. Comparison of the effect of a combination of eight micronutrients versus a standard mono preparation on sperm parameters. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:84. [PMID: 27938385 PMCID: PMC5148870 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are reports showing that l-carnitine alone or in combination with other micronutrients improve sperm parameters. However, comparative studies are still lacking. This study was carried out to compare the short term effects of a combination of eight micronutrients including l-carnitine vs. a mono-substance (l-carnitine alone) on sperm parameters. METHODS This was a prospective, open-labelled, nonrandomized study that included male subjects (20 to 60 years) with at least 1 year of subfertility and at least one pathological semen analysis who received 3 months treatment with a mono-substance (500 mg l-carnitine/twice a day, n = 156) or a combined compound (440 mg l-carnitine + 250 mg l-arginine + 40 mg zinc + 120 mg vitamin E + 80 mg glutathione + 60 μg selenium + 15 mg coenzyme Q10 + 800 μg folic acid/once a day, n = 143) for the same time period. Sperm parameters were analyzed before and after treatment and groups comparisons performed. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar among studied groups (age and body mass indices). Semen parameters (volume, density, overall progressive motility [including slow and fast motility]) and percentage of sperm with normal morphology improved after 3 months in both groups as compared to baseline. However, relative change (expressed as % increase of absolute values) for sperm density and overall progressive motility (including fast motility) was found to be higher for the combined micronutrient treatment group as compared to the mono-treatment using l-carnitine alone. CONCLUSION Both analyzed groups displayed a positive short term effect on all sperm parameters; however effect on density and motility was significantly better for the combined formulation. There is need for more research in this matter that includes long term outcome data. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered at ISRCTN (7th October 2016). Study ID: ISRCTN48594239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lipovac
- IMI Fertility Center, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for cell-based therapy in Gynecology, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Florian Bodner
- IMI Fertility Center, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for cell-based therapy in Gynecology, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Imhof
- IMI Fertility Center, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for cell-based therapy in Gynecology, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women’s Health, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3975101. [PMID: 27563374 PMCID: PMC4983669 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3975101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between the affective disorders and the almost ubiquitous pathological oxidative stress can be described in a multifactorial way, as an important mechanism of central nervous system impairment. Whether the obvious changes which occur in oxidative balance of the affective disorders are a part of the constitutive mechanism or a collateral effect yet remains as an interesting question. However it is now clear that oxidative stress is a component of these disorders, being characterized by different aspects in a disease-dependent manner. Still, there are a lot of controversies regarding the relevance of the oxidative stress status in most of the affective disorders and despite the fact that most of the studies are showing that the affective disorders development can be correlated to increased oxidative levels, there are various studies stating that oxidative stress is not linked with the mood changing tendencies. Thus, in this minireview we decided to describe the way in which oxidative stress is involved in the affective disorders development, by focusing on the main oxidative stress markers that could be used mechanistically and therapeutically in these deficiencies, the genetic perspectives, some antioxidant approaches, and the relevance of some animal models studies in this context.
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Kashkouli MB, Aghamirsalim M, Karimi N, Shahrzad S. Autoimmune hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease: what is the role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants? EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2015.1012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Muralidharan P, Sarmah S, Marrs JA. Zebrafish retinal defects induced by ethanol exposure are rescued by retinoic acid and folic acid supplement. Alcohol 2015; 49:149-63. [PMID: 25541501 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, producing craniofacial, sensory, motor, and cognitive defects. FASD is highly prevalent in low socioeconomic populations, which are frequently accompanied by malnutrition. FASD-associated ocular pathologies include microphthalmia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and cataracts. The present study characterizes specific retinal tissue defects, identifies ethanol-sensitive stages during retinal development, and dissects the effect of nutrient supplements, such as retinoic acid (RA) and folic acid (FA) on ethanol-induced retinal defects. Exposure to pathophysiological concentrations of ethanol (during midblastula transition through somitogenesis; 2-24 h post fertilization [hpf]) altered critical transcription factor expression involved in retinal cell differentiation, and produced severe retinal ganglion cell, photoreceptor, and Müller glial differentiation defects. Ethanol exposure did not alter retinal cell differentiation induction, but increased retinal cell death and proliferation. RA and FA nutrient co-supplementation rescued retinal photoreceptor and ganglion cell differentiation defects. Ethanol exposure during retinal morphogenesis stages (16-24 hpf) produced retinal defects like those seen with ethanol exposure between 2 and 24 hpf. Significantly, during an ethanol-sensitive time window (16-24 hpf), RA co-supplementation moderately rescued these defects, whereas FA co-supplementation showed significant rescue of optic nerve and photoreceptor differentiation defects. Interestingly, RA, but not FA, supplementation after ethanol exposure could reverse ethanol-induced optic nerve and photoreceptor differentiation defects. Our results indicate that various ethanol-sensitive events underlie FASD-associated retinal defects. Nutrient supplements like retinoids and folate were effective in alleviating ethanol-induced retinal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Muralidharan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Swapnalee Sarmah
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - James A Marrs
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Tousson E, Alghabban AJ, Harga HA. Thyroidectomy induced hepatic toxicity and possible amelioration by Ginkgo biloba leaf extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sarmah S, Marrs JA. Complex cardiac defects after ethanol exposure during discrete cardiogenic events in zebrafish: prevention with folic acid. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1184-201. [PMID: 23832875 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes a range of birth defects including various congenital heart defects (CHDs). Mechanisms of FASD-associated CHDs are not understood. Whether alcohol interferes with a single critical event or with multiple events in heart formation is not known. RESULTS Our zebrafish embryo experiments showed that ethanol interrupts different cardiac regulatory networks and perturbs multiple steps of cardiogenesis (specification, myocardial migration, looping, chamber morphogenesis, and endocardial cushion formation). Ethanol exposure during gastrulation until cardiac specification or during myocardial midline migration did not produce severe or persistent heart development defects. However, exposure comprising gastrulation until myocardial precursor midline fusion or during heart patterning stages produced aberrant heart looping and defective endocardial cushions. Continuous exposure during entire cardiogenesis produced complex cardiac defects leading to severely defective myocardium, endocardium, and endocardial cushions. Supplementation of retinoic acid with ethanol partially rescued early heart developmental defects, but the endocardial cushions did not form correctly. In contrast, supplementation of folic acid rescued normal heart development, including the endocardial cushions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ethanol exposure interrupted divergent cardiac morphogenetic events causing heart defects. Folic acid supplementation was effective in preventing a wide spectrum of ethanol-induced heart developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnalee Sarmah
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Protective role of folic acid in thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in hyperthyroid rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tousson E, Ali EM, Ibrahim W, Ashraf RM. Histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in rat heart after thyroidectomy and the role of hemin and ketoconazole in treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:627-32. [PMID: 23089472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a major target organ for thyroid hormone action and marked changes occur in cardiac function in the case of hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Also, thyroid hormone has a significant regulatory effect on the rate of heme oxidation in the liver. Heme oxygenase (HO) is a heme-catabolizing enzyme that converts heme into biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide. HO(-1) and its reaction products protect the heart and vasculature in pathological conditions. We studied the changes in the heart structure of thyroidectomized rat at the post-pubertal stage, in addition to the role of hemin as HO inducer and ketoconazole (KTZ) as HO inhibitor in treatment. 35 male Wistar rats were equally divided into seven groups; the first and second groups were the control and Sham-operated groups respectively while the 3rd and 4th groups were subjected to sham operation then treated with hemin (G(3)) and KTZ (G(4)). The 5th group (G(5)) was thyroidectomized group. The 6th and 7th groups were subjected to thyroidectomy then treated with hemin (G(5)) and KTZ (G(6)) respectively. Serum T(3) & TSH levels in thyroidectomized rats were significantly decreased and increased respectively when compared with the control group. Left ventricle section in the heart of thyroidectomized rats showed many of abnormalities as hydrophobic changes of myofibrillar structure with striations, myocardial atrophy and edema, focal haemorrhage when compared with that in control and sham groups. The iNOS label index was significantly decreased in thyroidectomized rat heart (grade 1) and their levels were significantly increased in treated thyroidectomized rats with hemin and KTZ (grades 3 & 2 respectively) when compared with control and sham rat groups (grade 4). Treatment of thyroidectomized rat with hemin improves the histopathological alternation and the intensity of iNOS immunoreactive cells demonstrating the recovery of some injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Tousson E, Beltagy DM, El-Gerbed MS, Gazia MA, Akela MA. The ameliorating role of folic acid in rat hippocampus after propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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