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Yao J, Zhang LJ, Zhou Z, Hua MF. NK-92 cells activated by IL-2 inhibit the progression of endometriosis in vitro. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2372682. [PMID: 39034630 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2372682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-2 is a key cytokine capable of modulating the immune response by activating natural killer (NK) cells. This study was recruited to explore the therapeutic potential of IL-2-activated NK-92 cells in endometriosis in vitro. METHODS Ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) were isolated and co-cultured with IL-2-activated NK-92 cells at varying effector-to-target (E:T) ratios (1:0 [Control], 1:1, 1:3, and 1:9). The viability, cytotoxicity, and cell surface antigen expression of IL-2-activated NK-92 cells were assessed. The viability, apoptosis, invasion, and migration ability of EESCs co-cultured with NK-92 cells at different ratios were evaluated. The apoptosis-related proteins, invasion and migration-related proteins as well as MEK/ERK pathway were examined via western blot. Each experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS IL-2 activation enhanced NK-92 cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Co-culturing EESCs with IL-2-activated NK-92 cells at E:T ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:9 reduced EESC viability by 20%, 45%, and 70%, respectively, compared to the control group. Apoptosis rates in EESCs increased in correlation with the NK-92 cell proportion, with the highest rate observed at a 1:9 ratio. Moreover, EESC invasion and migration were significantly inhibited by IL-2-activated NK-92 cells, with a 60% reduction in invasion and a 50% decrease in migration at the 1:9 ratio. Besides, the MEK/ERK signalling pathway was down-regulated in EESCs by IL-2-activated NK-92 cells. CONCLUSION IL-2-activated NK-92 cells exhibit potent cytotoxic effects against EESCs. They promote EESC apoptosis and inhibit viability, invasion, and migration through modulating the MEK/ERK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mao-Fang Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Nakipoglu M, Özkabadayı Y, Karahan S, Tezcaner A. Bilayer wound dressing composed of asymmetric polycaprolactone membrane and chitosan-carrageenan hydrogel incorporating storax balsam. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128020. [PMID: 37956814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive approach is needed to develop multifunctional wound dressing that is simple yet efficient. In this work, Liquidambar orientalis Mill. storax loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan (HECS)-carrageenan (kC) based hydrogel (HECS-kC) and polydopamine coated asymmetric polycaprolactone membrane (PCL-DOP) were used to develop a multifunctional and modular bilayer wound dressing. Asymmetric PCL-DOP membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) followed by polydopamine coating and demonstrated an excellent barrier against bacteria while allowing permeability for 5.45 ppm dissolved‑oxygen and 2130 g/m2 water vapor transmission in 24 h in addition to 805 kPa tensile strength. Storax loaded HECS-kC hydrogel, on the other hand, demonstrated a pH-responsive degradation and swelling to provide necessary conditions to facilitate wound healing. The hydrogels showed stretchability above 140 %, mild adhesive strength on sheep skin and PCL-DOP membrane, while the storax incorporation enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, rat full-thickness skin defect model showed that the developed bilayer wound dressing could significantly facilitate wound healing compared to Tegaderm™ and control groups. This study shows that the bilayered wound dressing has the potential to be used as a simple and effective wound care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nakipoglu
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartin University, Bartin 74100, Turkey.
| | - Yasin Özkabadayı
- Department of Histology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale 71450, Turkey.
| | - Siyami Karahan
- Department of Histology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale 71450, Turkey.
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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THE ANTIOXIDANT ROLE OF STORAX IN BORON COMPOUNDS INDUCED HACAT CELLS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH AND POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.33457/ijhsrp.1121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The skin is the first line of defense against microbial and chemical agents. Keratinocytes, represent the major component of the skin. Storax is thought to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. some substances in storax have a cytotoxic effect and that storax can be a source of oxidative stress. Boron compounds have a wide physiological effect on biological systems at low concentrations, are toxic at high concentrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oxidative effect of storax on boron compounds treated HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Methods: In order to determine the effect of boron compounds on cell viability and 50% lethal dose, the MTT method was employed, and the IC50 dose was found to be 1000 μg/ml borax and 250 μg/ml colemanite at 24th hour. To determine the antioxidant activity of storax cells treated with borax and colemanite with or without storax and then the oxidative stress index, SOD, GPx and MDA levels were evaluated with ELISA.
Results: storax reduces the oxidative stress index through GPX, SOD and MDA activities.
Conclusion: When all the results are evaluated, the idea arises, that storax can be used as a possible therapeutic agent in skin.
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Atmaca H, Camli Pulat C, Cittan M. Liquidambar orientalis Mill. gum extract induces autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1011-1019. [PMID: 32909456 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1818187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquidambar orientalis Mill (LOM), is an endemic species having a local distribution in the southwestern coastal district of Turkey. Styrax liquidus gum (SLG), is a gum-like resinous which exudates in response to injury of the trunk of LOM. The aim of the study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic SLG extract in human prostate cancer cells. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the volatile compound composition. Cytotoxicity was determined by XTT analysis. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated via ELISA assay. Autophagic cell death was detected via monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and by measuring the levels of LC3I and LC3II. The protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR were evaluated by western blot analysis. In the present study, it is shown that the SLG extract containing a considerable amount of ravidomycin derivate induced autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Turkey
| | - Cisil Camli Pulat
- Applied Science Research Center, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cittan
- Section of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Turkey
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Orumwensodia KO, Uadia PO, Choudhary MI. Phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and chemical composition of Spondias mombin Linn. Stem bark. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spondias mombin Linn. is a tropical climate plant with wide applications in ethnomedicinal practice. This study evaluates the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and chemical composition of the plant’s stem bark.
Methods
Dried stem bark sample of Spondias mombin Linn. was subjected to exhaustive extraction and partitioned into sub-fractions (hexane-ethylacetate, ethylacetate, ethylacetate-methanol and methanol) by graded polarity technique. The phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity indices of the crude hydro-ethanol extract and fractions were evaluated using Lemna minor and brine shrimp lethality assays, respectively, while chemical composition of the oily hexane:ethylacetate fraction was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique.
Results
Phytotoxicity was dose-dependent which ranged from low (crude plant extract), moderate (hexane-ethylacetate and methanol fractions), high (ethylaacetate-methanol fraction) to significant toxicity (ethylacetate fraction) at the highest dose. However, for brine shrimp lethality assay only hexane-ethylacetate (LD50: 284.02 μg/mL) and ethylacetate (LD50: 210.24 μg/mL) fractions were cytotoxic at the highest dose. The GC-MS profile of the oily hexane:ethylacetate fraction identified sixty-eight compounds comprising hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, steroids, nitrogen and fluoride-containing compounds, terpenes and esters.
Conclusion
This study concludes that fractions of Spondias mombin Lin. could be potentially toxic. While its phytotoxic potential can be useful in the agrochemical industry for the production of natural herbicides, its cytotoxic property can be cautiously harnessed for ethnomedicinal purposes.
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Liang M, Du Y, Li W, Yin X, Yang N, Qie A, Lebaron TW, Zhang J, Chen H, Shi H. SuHeXiang Essential Oil Inhalation Produces Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Adult Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1040-1048. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuru Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University
| | - Ni Yang
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Anran Qie
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Jiayu Zhang
- Grade Undergraduate, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Haishui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
- the Center of Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Science, Hebei Medical University
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Charehsaz M, Reis R, Helvacioglu S, Sipahi H, Guzelmeric E, Acar ET, Cicek G, Yesilada E, Aydin A. Safety evaluation of styrax liquidus from the viewpoint of genotoxicity and mutagenicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:506-512. [PMID: 27737816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Styrax liquidus is a resinous exudate (balsam) obtained from the wounded trunk of the Liquidambar orientalis Mill. (Hamamelidaceae). Styrax has been used for treatment of various ailments in Turkish folk medicine such as skin problems, peptic ulcers, nocturnal enuresis, parasitic infections, antiseptic or as expectorant. AIM OF STUDY In spite of frequent use of styrax in Turkish folk medicine as well as once as a stabilizer in perfumery industry, negative reports have been noticed by the international authority for restriction its use based on some limited evidences from an in vitro study. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of styrax and its ethanolic extract using in vivo and in vitro assays, as well as an antimutagenic assay and also to determine its phenolic constituents with chromatographic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of styrax and its ethanolic extract were evaluated by Ames test performed on Salmonella TA98 and TA100 strains with and without metabolic activation (10- 30,000µg/plate). The genotoxicity was also studied in vivo by chromosomal aberrations assay on bone marrow of Balb C mice with different its concentrations (500-2000mg/kg body weight). Cytotoxicity has been evaluated by the MTT assay using L929 cell line. Its phenolic constituents were determined by HPLC analysis. RESULTS Genotoxicological investigations of styrax or its ethanolic extract showed that none of the tested concentrations induced a significant increase in the revertant number of TA98 and TA100 strains with or without metabolic activation, indicating no mutagenicity to the tested strains. Also results indicated that up to 2000mg/kg body weight, styrax is not genotoxic in mammalian bone marrow chromosome aberration test in vivo. In cytotoxicity study, the IC50 values of styrax and its ethanolic extract were found to be 50.22±1.80 and 59.69±11.77µg/mL, respectively. Among the studied reference standards the major phenolic acids in styrax balsam was found to be p-coumaric acid (2.95mg/g), while in its ethanolic extract not only p-coumaric acid (11.46mg/g), but also gallic acid (1.60mg/g) were found to the main components. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study provide scientific basis to the safety of styrax from the viewpoint of genotoxicity risk, and in fact, it was found to be beneficial against genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Reis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Helvacioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Etil Guzelmeric
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Turkoz Acar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Cicek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Aydin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sponchiado G, Adam ML, Silva CD, Soley BS, de Mello-Sampayo C, Cabrini DA, Correr CJ, Otuki MF. Quantitative genotoxicity assays for analysis of medicinal plants: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:289-296. [PMID: 26680588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are known to contain numerous biologically active compounds, and although they have proven pharmacological properties, they can cause harm, including DNA damage. AIM OF THE STUDY Review the literature to evaluate the genotoxicity risk of medicinal plants, explore the genotoxicity assays most used and compare these to the current legal requirements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A quantitative systematic review of the literature, using the keywords "medicinal plants", "genotoxicity" and "mutagenicity", was undertakenQ to identify the types of assays most used to assess genotoxicity, and to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plant extracts. RESULTS The database searches retrieved 2289 records, 458 of which met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation of the selected articles showed a total of 24 different assays used for an assessment of medicinal plant extract genotoxicity. More than a quarter of those studies (28.4%) reported positive results for genotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that a range of genotoxicity assay methods are used to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plant extracts. The most used methods are those recommended by regulatory agencies. However, based on the current findings, in order to conduct a thorough study concerning the possible genotoxic effects of a medicinal plant, we indicate that it is important always to include bacterial and mammalian tests, with at least one in vivo assay. Also, these tests should be capable of detecting outcomes that include mutation induction, clastogenic and aneugenic effects, and structural chromosome abnormalities. In addition, the considerable rate of positive results detected in this analysis further supports the relevance of assessing the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Sponchiado
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Dadalt Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Silva Soley
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Almeida Cabrini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Fleith Otuki
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Nalbantsoy A, Karış M, Karakaya L, Akgül Y. Diyabetik sıçanların karaciğer ve böbrekleri üzerinde Caralluma tuberculata’nın hipoglisemik ve hipolipidemik etkisi ve güvenliği / Liquidambar orientalis Mill. reçine ekstraktlarının antioksidan, sitotoksik ve iNOS aktiviteleri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) inhibitory, and antioxidant activity in order to assess the traditional usage of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin extract.Methods: Different solvent extracts of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin were prepared. The cytotoxicity of extracts was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)- 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide) assay. HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma), A-549 (Human alveolar adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma), CaCo-2 (Human colon colorectal adenocarcinoma), mPANC96 (Human pancreas adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (Human prostate adenocarcinoma), U87MG (Human glioblastoma- astrocytoma) and as a normal cell line HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cells) and Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells) were used for testing cytotoxicity. RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage cell lines) was used to determine the inhibition levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukemia) was used to determine antioxidant activity as DCF production per cent.Results: Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts were prepared, and their iNOS inhibitory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity were investigated. The estimated IC50 values of extracts varied from 6.68 to 48.90 μg/ ml after treatment with different doses of extracts for 48 h. Inhibition of the hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage were showed that the all extracts inhibited NO production in activated RAW 264.7 cells, except methanol extract. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts inhibited NO production with ICConclusion: This study is the first report showing the potential of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin extracts for cytotoxicity, iNOS inhibition and the antioxidant activity as an alternative therapeutic approach for traditional uses. The results demonstrated that Liquidambar orientalis dichloromethane resin extracts showed strongest cytotoxic effect while all extracts except methanolic extracts exhibited moderate iNOS inhibition. All extracts other than hexane have a potent antioxidant effect in the cellular-based assay. In conclusion, further studies should focus on the purification of the active components of this extracts and to investigate the possible mode of action to obtain a better understanding of their potential use as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.
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Suzek H, Celik I, Dogan A, Yildirim S. Protective effect and antioxidant role of sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) oil against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:451-457. [PMID: 26079853 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1045086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sweetgum oil (SO) obtained from the Liquidambar orientalis Mill (Hamamelidaceae) tree has been used in Turkish folk medicine for centuries as an antiulcerigenic. Some studies have reported the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SO; however, its effect on hepatic and oxidative stress complications is still unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of SO against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment included control, CCl4, SO, and CCl4 + SO treatment groups. Control and SO group rats were fed a diet without CCl4. CCl4 and CCl4 + SO treatment groups received 0.5 mL/kg CCl4 diluted in olive oil (1:1 dilution) intraperitonally injection twice per week. The CCl4 + SO group also received 1000 mg/kg SO-supplemented feed for 50 d. Blood and tissue samples were used for the determination of hepatic damage serum biomarkers (HDSBs) levels, antioxidant defense system constituents (ADSCs), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. In addition, the liver was evaluated for histopathological changes. RESULTS According to the results, the HDSBs levels of the CCl4 group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared with the control, whereas the HDSB levels of the CCl4 + SO group resulted in marked decreases (p < 0.05) compared with the CCl4 group. In addition, the results showed that SO-supplemented diet restored the CCl4-induced MDA and ADS towards to control. Hepatoprotection of SO is further substantiated by the almost normal histologic findings in the CCl4 + SO group against degenerative changes in the CCl4 group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It was concluded that SO has a hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant capacity against CCl4 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Suzek
- a Deparment of Nursing , Health High School, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University , Mugla , Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Science Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey
| | - Abdulahad Dogan
- c Department of Biology, Science Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey , and
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- d Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey
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11
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Zeb A, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ahmad S, Ayaz M. Phytochemical and toxicological investigations of crude methanolic extracts, subsequent fractions and crude saponins of Isodon rugosus. Biol Res 2014; 47:57. [PMID: 25418691 PMCID: PMC4237743 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isodon rugosus is used traditionally in the management of hypertension, rheumatism, tooth-ache and pyrexia. Present study was arranged to investigate I. rugosus for phytoconstituents, phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities to explore its toxicological, pharmacological potentials and to rationalize its ethnomedicinal uses. Briefly, qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts were carried out for the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, oils, glycosides, anthraquinones, terpenoids, sterols and tannins. Plant crude methanolic extract (Ir.Cr), its subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Ir.Hex), chloroform (Ir.Chf), ethyl acetate (Ir.EtAc), aqueous (Ir.Aq) and saponins (Ir.Sp) in different concentrations were tested for phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities using radish seeds and brine shrimps (Artemia salina) respectively. The phytotoxic activity was determined by percent root length inhibition (RLI) and percent seeds germination inhibition (SGI) while the cytotoxicity was obtained with percent lethality of the brine shrimps. RESULTS Ir.Cr was tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, oils, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones. Among different fractions Ir.Sp, Ir.Chf, Ir.EtAc, and Ir.Cr were most effective causing 93.55, 89.32, 81.32 and 58.68% inhibition of seeds in phytotoxicity assay, with IC50 values of 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 and 52 μg/ml respectively. Similarly, among all the tested samples, Ir.Sp exhibited the highest phytotoxic effect causing 91.33% root length inhibition with IC50 of 0.1 μg/ml. Ir.Sp and Ir.Chf were most effective against brine shrimps showing 92.23 and 76.67% lethality with LC50 values of 10 and 12 μg/ml respectively. CONCLUSIONS It may be inferred from the current investigations that I. rugosus contains different secondary metabolites and is a potential source for the isolation of natural anticancer and herbicidal drug molecules. Different fractions exhibited phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities, thus providing pharmacological basis for ethnomedicinal uses of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Pakistan
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