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Ihn Y, Cho Y, Lee I, Oh JS, Moon HB, Choi K. Thyroid and neurobehavioral effects of DiNP on GH3 cells and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142593. [PMID: 38866335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been used to replace bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and is frequently found in the environment and humans. DiNP is reported for its anti-androgenic activity; however, little is known about its effects on thyroid function and neurodevelopment. In the present study, the thyroid disruption and neurobehavioral alteration potential of DiNP and its major metabolites were assessed in a rat pituitary carcinoma cell line (GH3) and embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). In GH3 cells, exposure to DiNP and its metabolites not only increased proliferation but also induced transcriptional changes in several target genes, which were different from those observed with DEHP exposure. In larval fish, a 5-day exposure to DiNP caused significant increases in thyroid hormone levels, following a similar pattern to that reported for DEHP exposure. Following exposure to DiNP, the activity of the larval fish decreased, and neurodevelopment-related genes, such as c-fos, elavl3, and mbp, were down-regulated. These changes are generally similar to those observed for DEHP. Up-regulation of gap43 and down-regulation of elavl3 gene, which are important for both thyroid hormone production and neurodevelopment, respectively, support the potential for both thyroid and behavioral disruption of DiNP. Overall, these results emphasize the need to consider the adverse thyroid and neurodevelopmental effects in developing regulations for DEHP-replacing phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchul Ihn
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Oh
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Oyeyemi A, Owonikoko W, Okoro T, Adagbonyi O, Ajeigbe K. Water contamination: A culprit of serum heavy metals concentration, oxidative stress and health risk among residents of a Nigerian crude oil-producing community. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:375-388. [PMID: 38584719 PMCID: PMC10995875 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Niger Delta has become popular for crude oil extraction for the past few decades. This uncoordinated activity has made it a hotspot for xenobiotics exposure and water bodies remain the environmental matrix significantly affected. One of the most deleterious components of crude oil is heavy metals (HMs). This study investigates HMs concentration in water and serum of humans residing in an oil-host community with the consideration of systemic effects, pollution status, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks and comparison made with residents from a non-oil-producing community. Heavy metal analysis, serum electrolytes, Urea, Creatinine, and liver enzymes were assessed using standard procedures; malondialdehyde, catalase, SOD, glutathione reductase, GPx and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by spectrophotometry and TNF-α and 8-OHdG assessed via ELISA method. We found altered serum electrolytes; increased serum Pb and Cd levels; increased AST, ALT, ALP and lipid peroxidation; and decreased enzymes antioxidants including TAC among Ugbegugun community residents compared with control. We observed an association between environmental crude oil contamination, ecological and health risks in the community. We concluded that protracted exposure to HMs induces multi-systemic toxicities characterized by DNA damage, depletion of the antioxidant system, and increased free radical generation culminating lipo-peroxidation with significant ecological, carcinogenic, and non-carcinogenic risks characterize crude oil water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.W. Oyeyemi
- Laboratory for Environmental Physiology and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - W.M. Owonikoko
- Laboratory for Environmental Physiology and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
| | - T.D. Okoro
- Laboratory for Environmental Physiology and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
| | - O. Adagbonyi
- Department of Anatomy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
| | - K.O. Ajeigbe
- Laboratory for Environmental Physiology and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
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3
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Zhang X, Flaws JA, Spinella MJ, Irudayaraj J. The Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease. TOXICS 2022; 11:32. [PMID: 36668758 PMCID: PMC9863798 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that alter the endocrine function of an organism, to result in adverse effects on growth and development, metabolism, and reproductive function. The kidney is one of the most important organs in the urinary system and an accumulation point. Studies have shown that EDCs can cause proteinuria, affect glomeruli and renal tubules, and even lead to diabetes and renal fibrosis in animal and human studies. In this review, we discuss renal accumulation of select EDCs such as dioxins, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates, and delineate how exposures to such EDCs cause renal lesions and diseases, including cancer. The regulation of typical EDCs with specific target genes and the activation of related pathways are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Kim H, Kil M, Han C. Urinary phthalate metabolites and anemia: Findings from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114255. [PMID: 36113574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several animal studies have suggested an association between phthalate exposure and decreased hemoglobin levels. To address the lack of epidemiological evidence, we evaluated the association between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and hematologic indices by using nationally representative data from Korea. METHODS Data from 3722 adults included in the third stage (2015-2017) of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KONEHS) were used. The association between various urinary phthalate metabolites and hematologic indices (hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume [MCV], and red blood cell [RBC], white blood cell [WBC], and platelet counts) was evaluated using linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. Sex-stratified analysis was performed. RESULTS All urinary phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with hemoglobin levels. A two-fold increase in urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxy-pentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP), mono-carboxyonyl phthalate (MCNP), and mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) levels was associated with a -0.099 g/dL (95% confidence interval (CI), -0.137 to -0.060), -0.116 g/dL (95% CI, -0.156 to -0.076), -0.111 g/dL (95% CI, -0.154 to -0.068), and -0.144 g/dL (95% CI, -0.198 to -0.089) change in hemoglobin levels, respectively. The RBC count and MCV showed negative and positive associations, respectively, with urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. WBC counts were positively associated with MECPP, MCOP, MCNP, and MCPP levels, whereas the platelet count showed no association with urinary phthalate metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Urinary phthalate metabolite concentration showed a negative association with hemoglobin level. Since this was a cross-sectional study, further longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to identify a clear causal linkage and the pathological mechanism underlying phthalate exposure and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyeon Kim
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minuk Kil
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Sejong, South Korea.
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Xia LZ, Jiang MZ, Liu LL, Wu Y, Zhang YL, Yang LX, Shen XY, Zhang QY, Lin M, Gao HT. Protective effect of quercetin against phthalates induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:863-871. [PMID: 36337248 PMCID: PMC9618111 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are increasingly exposed to ubiquitous phthalates (PEs), e.g. butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which are widely used plasticizers in polymer products. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of phytochemical quercetin (Que) on hepatotoxicity caused by the mixture of the 3 commonly used PEs (MPEs), and further to explore the underlying mechanism. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, MPEs group, and MPEs combined Que at Low-, Median-, and High-dose groups; rats in MPEs group were orally administered with 900 mg/kg/d MPEs, whereas rats in MPEs combined Que groups were simultaneously treated with 900 mg/kg/d MPEs and respectively 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg/d Que. The intervention last 30 days. Compared with control group, serum ALT, AST, LDH and AKP, and hepatic MDA, SOD, CAT and GPx were significantly increased, whereas, serum albumin and total protein were significantly decreased in MPEs group (P < 0.05); hepatic histopathological observation showed numerous inflammatory cells infiltration, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, and numerous residual erythrocytes in the central vein in MPEs group. Western-blot analysis showed that hepatic Keap1 was downregulated, whereas Nrf2 and HO-1 were upregulated in MPEs group (P < 0.05). However, the alterations of these parameters were alleviated in MPEs combined Que at Median- and High-dose groups. The results indicated that MPEs-induced hepatic oxidative stress, and caused hepatic injuries; whereas, Que inhibited MPEs' hepatotoxicity, which might relate to Que's ability of quenching free radicals directly, and restored the regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zi Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li-Lan Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li-Xia Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xin-Yue Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hai-Tao Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Chen J, Yang S, Ma B, Wang J, Chen J. Di-isononyl phthalate induces apoptosis and autophagy of mouse ovarian granulosa cells via oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113898. [PMID: 35878499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) has been widely utilized in industrial, commercial and medical applications for the past few years. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the toxicity of DINP. DINP can cause damage to female reproductive system; however, the potential mechanism remains to be further investigated. In this study, female mice were orally administered with 0, 2, 20 and 200 mg DINP/kg/day for 14 days. We found that DINP significantly affected the arrangement of granulosa cells in ovarian follicles. In addition, DINP could induce apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress of the ovary tissue. Meanwhile, the serum estradiol concentration distinctly decreased in the 20 and 200 mg/kg DINP-treated groups, suggesting that DINP might affect the function of ovarian granulosa cells. Primary mouse ovarian granulosa cells were utilized for further investigation after the cells were treated with 0, 100, 200, 400 μM DINP for 24 h. Similar to the in vivo experiment, DINP could also induce apoptosis and autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells, as well as oxidative stress; while inhibition of oxidative stress by NAC could alleviate DINP-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA could also rescue the induction of apoptosis by DINP. Taken together, these results indicated that DINP induced apoptosis and autophagy of mouse ovarian granulosa cells via oxidative stress, and autophagy played a cytotoxic role in DINP-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Bingchun Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Yin J, Zhang B. Effects of bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate on liver injury in Balb/c mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:547-554. [PMID: 34486454 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211031688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) has been used as a replacement in some commercial flame-retardant mixtures. It is widely used in industrial products, so the probability of human exposure to TBPH is high. Yet, little is known about how it is metabolized or its toxicity. To this end, we investigated what effect oral exposure of Balb/c mice to TBPH at concentrations of 200 mg kg-1 had on hepatic damage. Staining results showed liver injury in the mice exposed to TBPH. Oxidative stress markers and endoplasmic reticulum stress associated proteins were altered in the TBPH exposed mice, and these changes could be attenuated by administration of curcumin at 25 mg kg-1. Overall, TBPH induces hepatic damage via increasing oxidative stress, and curcumin plays a protective role in alleviating the TBPH-mediated histopathological alterations in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yin
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Liao KW, Chang WH, Chou WC, Huang HB, Waits A, Chen PC, Huang PC. Human biomonitoring reference values and characteristics of Phthalate exposure in the general population of Taiwan: Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants 2013-2016. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 235:113769. [PMID: 34051577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since a 2011 incident involving phthalate-tainted food, Taiwanese people have become concerned with food quality, and they are still being exposed to certain levels of phthalates. However, no nationwide human biomonitoring survey had been conducted to gather information on levels or reference values (RVs) of phthalates in the Taiwanese population. We aimed to establish the urinary levels and RVs of phthalate metabolites and identify exposure characteristics among Taiwan's population. We enrolled 1857 participants 7 years of age and older from the Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants (TESTs) conducted during 2013-2016. Levels of 11 phthalate metabolites in each participant's urine samples were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For all phthalate metabolites except for mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), and mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), urinary median levels were significantly higher in the 7-17-year old group than in the ≧18-year-old group. For most phthalate metabolites and in the general population, the geometric mean decreased with increasing age. Median levels of MEP (19.55 μg/L), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) (2.11 μg/L), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (22.82 μg/L), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) (16.08 μg/L), ΣDibutyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDBPm) (0.17 nmol/mL), Σdi-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHPm) (0.29 nmol/mL) were higher in participants from central Taiwan than those from other areas. The median level of DBP (ΣDBPm: 0.20 nmol/mL) was significantly higher in participants from harbor areas than those from other urbanization groups. The RV of the 95 percentile (P95) for phthalate metabolites in the 7-17/≧18-year-old groups were 185.95/208.19 μg/L for MMP, 198.46/265.81 μg/L for MEP, 119.85/69.99 μg/L for mono-isononyl phthalate (MiBP), 165.19/204.32 μg/L for Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), 15.61/11.73 μg/L for MBzP, 62.09/59.23 μg/L for MEHP, 149.70/69.66 μg/L for MEHHP, 112.06/35.07 μg/L for MEOHP, 195.20/93.83 μg/L for mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), 45.66/27.69 μg/L for mono-(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate (MCMHP), and 9.09/12.13 μg/L for mono-iso-nonyl phthalate (MiNP). We concluded that phthalate exposure of the general population in Taiwan varies by sex, age, region, and urbanization level. Exposure by the 7-17-year-old group to DMP, DBP, and DEHP in Taiwan remains higher than that of youth from other countries. RV of phthalate metabolites in Taiwan were established in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Liao
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety & Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Han-Bin Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Waits
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Office of Occupational Safety and Health, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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9
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Gu Y, Gao M, Zhang W, Yan L, Shao F, Zhou J. Exposure to phthalates DEHP and DINP May lead to oxidative damage and lipidomic disruptions in mouse kidney. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129740. [PMID: 33736212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been well acknowledged for its endocrine disruption and associated metabolic diseases, leading to the search for safer industrial alternatives including di-isononyl phthalate (DINP). However, safety data for the latter chemical has been relatively scarce particularly regarding potential damage to the kidney at low doses. Five-week-old ICR male mice were exposed to vehicle, DEHP or DINP (0.05 and 4.8 mg/kg bw) daily via gavage for 5 weeks. We observed increased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, decreased levels of reduced glutathione, in the kidney at higher dose for both chemicals suggestive of oxidative damage. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 of the kidney further suggested inflammatory status as a result of phthalate exposure in both high dose groups. Targeted lipidomics demonstrated greatest changes in the kidney induced by high dose of DEHP, although DINP also induced significant changes in phospholipids diacylglycerides that are associated with lipid accumulation in glomerular podocytes and inflammatory responses. Our data suggest that oxidative stress may be involved in both DEHP- and DINP-induced renal lipidomic disruption and continue to question the suitability of DINP as proper DEHP substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li H, Zhang J, Xia Y, Pan W, Zhou D. Antagonistic effect of nano-selenium on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by DEHP via PI3K/AKT pathway in chicken liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112282. [PMID: 33933814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer which is mainly used as a kind of plastic additive to increase the flexibility of plastic products. Given the widespread use of plastic products, DEHP, as a ubiquitous artificial pollutant, are widely present in the environment. In addition, DEHP could cause biological damage in various organs through oxidative stress. Nano-Selenium, a novel form of selenium, has a wide variety of biomedical applications as an antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Nevertheless, researches on the toxicity of DEHP in chicken hepatocyte lines is insufficient. In particular, researches on the interaction between DEHP and nano-selenium is insufficient in chicken cell. Therefore, the innovation of this study is to explore the theoretical mechanism of DEHP toxicity in hepatocytes and the antagonistic effect of nano-selenium on a series of damage in chicken hepatocytes caused by DEHP. Our results showed that, after DEHP exposure, oxidative stress levels in hepatocytes increased, and the mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, Capsase9, Caspase3 and Bax increased significantly except Bcl-2. The protein levels of apoptosis markers cleaved-Caspase9 and cleaved-Caspase3 also increased significantly. Moreover, the result of TUNEL assay also showed that the level of apoptotic cells increased after DEHP exposure. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K, AKT and p-AKT decreased. Therefore, DEHP is able to enhance the degree of oxidative damage and apoptosis of chicken liver cells. Nevertheless, the addition of nano-selenium can reverse the above changes. Experimental results revealed that nano-selenium antagonizes the toxic effects of DEHP via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, People's Repubilc of China.
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, People's Repubilc of China.
| | - Ying Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, People's Repubilc of China.
| | - Wen Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, People's Repubilc of China.
| | - Donghai Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, People's Repubilc of China.
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Liang F, Xi J, Chen X, Huang J, Jin D, Zhu X. Curcumin decreases dibutyl phthalate-induced renal dysfunction in Kunming mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1528-1536. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271211001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) has been used extensively in dietary supplement with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Although dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has adverse effects on the kidney, any association between DBP exposure and the role of Cur is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to DBP has adverse consequences on renal dysfunction in mice and the potential protective role of Cur in decreasing DBP-induced renal dysfunction via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kidney function, oxidative stress biomarkers, and apoptosis factors as well as Bcl-2 and Bax were investigated. The results showed a marked increase of renal dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis level after DBP exposure compared to the control. While administration of Cur to DBP-treated mice may reduce these adverse biochemical changes compared with DBP-alone group. Overall, these results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in DBP-induced renal disorder, whereas Cur plays a protective role in inhibiting these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liang
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - J Xi
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - X Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - D Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - X Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Chiu K, Bashir ST, Nowak RA, Mei W, Flaws JA. Subacute exposure to di-isononyl phthalate alters the morphology, endocrine function, and immune system in the colon of adult female mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18788. [PMID: 33139756 PMCID: PMC7608689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), a common plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride products, exhibits endocrine-disrupting capabilities. It is also toxic to the brain, reproductive system, liver, and kidney. However, little is known about how DiNP impacts the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It is crucial to understand how DiNP exposure affects the GIT because humans are primarily exposed to DiNP through the GIT. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that subacute exposure to DiNP dysregulates cellular, endocrine, and immunological aspects in the colon of adult female mice. To test this hypothesis, adult female mice were dosed with vehicle control or DiNP doses ranging from 0.02 to 200 mg/kg for 10–14 days. After the treatment period, mice were euthanized during diestrus, and colon tissue samples were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and hormone assays. DiNP exposure significantly increased histological damage in the colon compared to control. Exposure to DiNP also significantly decreased sICAM-1 levels, increased Tnf expression, decreased a cell cycle regulator (Ccnb1), and increased apoptotic factors (Aifm1 and Bcl2l10) in the colon compared to control. Colon-extracted lipids revealed that DiNP exposure significantly decreased estradiol levels compared to control. Collectively, these data indicate that subacute exposure to DiNP alters colon morphology and physiology in adult female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chiu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Shah Tauseef Bashir
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA. .,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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13
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Yang S, Arcanjo RB, Nowak RA. The effects of the phthalate DiNP on reproduction†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:305-316. [PMID: 33125036 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) is a high molecular weight, general purpose, plasticizer used primarily in the manufacture of polymers and consumer products. It can be metabolized rapidly and does not bioaccumulate. The primary metabolite of DiNP is monoisononyl-phthalate (MiNP) and the secondary metabolites include three oxidative derivatives of DiNP, which have been identified mainly in urine: mono-oxoisononyl phthalate (MOINP or oxo-MiNP), mono-carboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCIOP, MCOP or cx-MiNP), and mono-hydroxyisononyl phthalate (MHINP or OH-MiNP). The secondary metabolites are very sensitive biomarkers of DiNP exposure while primary metabolites are not. As the usage of DiNP worldwide increases, studies evaluating its potential reproductive toxicity are becoming more prevalent in the literature. In studies on female animals, the researchers found that the exposure to DiNP appears to induce negative effects on ovarian function and fertility in animal models. Whether or not DiNP has direct effects on the uterus is still controversial, and the effects on human reproduction require much more research. Studies on males indicate that DiNP exposure has disruptive effects on male reproduction and fertility. Occupational studies also indicate that the exposure to DiNP might induce negative effects on male reproduction, but larger cohort studies are needed to confirm this. This review presents an overview of the literature regarding the reproductive effects of exposure to DiNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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