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Systematic Review of Suicide in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Trends and Implications. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-018-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Brief Report: Social Support, Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3669-3677. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Griffith J. A Description of Suicides in the Army National Guard During 2007-2014 and Associated Risk Factors. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2017; 47:266-281. [PMID: 27388140 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicide, due to its increased occurrence in recent years, has been a chief concern of the U.S. military. While there have been many published studies on the topic, conspicuously absent are studies that have included reserve military personnel. To fill this gap, this study reports descriptive statistics of personnel information and events surrounding 706 Army National Guard suicides that had occurred from 2007 through 2014. Comparative personnel information for random samples of nonsuicides for similar years (8 years, 1,000 cases per year) allowed examining factors associated most with suicide. Findings were very similar to those observed in the active duty Army and civilian populations. Primary risk factors for suicide were as follows: age (young), gender (male), and race/ethnicity (White). Most suicides occurred in nonmilitary status (86%) involving personal firearms (72%). Most frequent events surrounding the suicide were as follows: poor military performance (36% of all suicides), parent-family relationship problems (28%), substance abuse (27%), past behavioral health problem (20%), current behavioral health problems (10%), income problems (22%), and full-time employment problems (18%). Implications of findings for suicide prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Griffith
- National Center for Veterans Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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DeLisle MM, Holden RR. Differentiating Between Depression, Hopelessness, and Psychache in University Undergraduates. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175609333562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Troister T, Holden RR. Factorial Differentiation Among Depression, Hopelessness, and Psychache in Statistically Predicting Suicidality. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175612451744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prevalence rates and risk factors for mental health difficulties in adolescents aged 16 and 17 years living in rural Ireland. Ir J Psychol Med 2014; 31:111-123. [PMID: 30189515 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to ascertain the prevalence rates and risk factors for a range of mental health difficulties, including suicidal ideation/self-harm among 16 and 17-year-old rural Irish adolescents, a vulnerable group in transition from childhood to adulthood. METHOD Adolescents (n=237) took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a questionnaire compendium consisting of generic questions on demographic information, use of mental health services and four normed questionnaires: The Youth Self-Report, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Adolescent and The Family Assessment Device. RESULTS We found that 16.9% of adolescents reported clinically significant mental health difficulties. Significant gender differences were found on internalising and externalising difficulties. There were no gender differences in suicidal ideation or self-harm. Only 3.4% of adolescents were receiving professional help for mental health difficulties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that family dysfunction, emotion-focussed coping and poor academic competence were significant predictors of poorer mental health difficulties in both genders. Family dysfunction was the strongest predictor of mental health difficulties in males. Among females, emotion-focussed coping was the strongest predictor of internalising difficulties and depression. Social diversion (social support) was predictive of less internalising difficulties and depression for females. CONCLUSION The study shows that a significant number of Irish 16 and 17 year olds have mental health difficulties, yet very few are receiving treatment. Emotion-focussed coping, family dysfunction, poor academic competence and less social support were important predictors of mental health difficulties. A new finding is the stronger association that family dysfunction has with poorer mental health in males than females, when controlling for academic competence and coping skills. The findings may have implications for psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Simón
- Centro San José para discapacitados psíquicos, Gobierno de Navarra
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Gender-specific factors of suicide ideation among adolescents in the Republic of Korea: a nationally representative population-based study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2013; 27:253-9. [PMID: 24070995 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to explore the differences in the rates of suicide ideation (SI) between male and female youths, and to investigate gender-specific factors strongly associated with SI. This study analyzed nationally representative secondary data, the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected over a 3 year period (2007-2009) (N=2358; youths aged 12-18 years). Significant differences in characteristics between adolescents with and without SI were analyzed using either t-test or chi-square test. After adjusting for demographics (i.e., age, monthly household income, and family intactness), gender-specific factors associated with SI were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Current research reveals that (a) the prevalence of SI is higher among female adolescents than among their male counterparts, (b) depression and stress are strong factors in both males and females, and (c) psychological counseling and experimentation with smoking and drinking are strong factors among females only. Different factors influencing SI between males and females should be considered when identifying youths at risk for SI and providing targeted interventions.
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Lemstra M, Rogers M, Moraros J, Grant E. Risk indicators of suicide ideation among on-reserve First Nations youth. Paediatr Child Health 2013; 18:15-20. [PMID: 24381486 PMCID: PMC3680266 DOI: 10.1093/pch/18.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known disparity in suicide rates in Canada, there is limited information on the independent risk indicators of suicide ideation among First Nations youth living on reserve. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and adjusted risk indicators for suicide ideation among on-reserve First Nations youth. METHODS Saskatoon Tribal Council (Saskatchewan) First Nations students enrolled in grades 5 through 8 who were living on reserve were asked to complete a health survey using validated questionnaires. In total, 75.3% of the students completed the survey. The study was led by the Saskatoon Tribal Council with assistance from three departments at the University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan). RESULTS Among on-reserve First Nations youth, 23% experienced suicide ideation within the past 12 months. In comparison, 8.5% of Saskatoon urban youth and 19% of Saskatoon urban Aboriginal youth within the same grades experienced suicide ideation. Wanting to leave home (OR 13.91 [95% CI 3.05 to 63.42]), having depressed mood (OR 2.98 [95% CI 1.16 to 7.67]) and not feeling loved (OR 3.85 [95% CI 1.49 to 9.93]) were independently associated with suicide ideation among on-reserve youth. None of the children with a father who was professionally employed reported suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the independent risk indicators associated with suicide ideation among First Nations youth living on reserve will hopefully aid in appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lemstra
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Marla Rogers
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - John Moraros
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Eisha Grant
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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Griffith J. Army Suicides: “Knowns” and an Interpretative Framework for Future Directions. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2012.716269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Creemers DHM, Scholte RHJ, Engels RCME, Prinstein MJ, Wiers RW. Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2012; 43:638-46. [PMID: 21946041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether explicit and implicit self-esteem, the interaction between these two constructs, and their discrepancy are associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Participants were 95 young female adults (M = 21.2 years, SD = 1.88) enrolled in higher education. We administered the Name Letter Task to measure implicit self-esteem, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to assess explicit self-esteem. The results indicated that explicit but not implicit self-esteem was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. The interaction of implicit and explicit self-esteem was associated with suicidal ideation, indicating that participants with high implicit self-esteem combined with a low explicit self-esteem showed more suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the size of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem was positively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In addition, results showed that the direction of the discrepancy is an important: damaged self-esteem (high implicit self-esteem combined with low explicit self-esteem) was consistently associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness, while defensive or fragile self-esteem (high explicit and low implicit self-esteem) was not. Together, these findings provide new insights into the relationship of implicit and explicit self-esteem with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan H M Creemers
- Mental Health Care Institute, GGZ Oost-Brabant, Burg. Kuyperlaan 5, 5461 AA Veghel, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Since 2004, suicides in the U.S. military have risen, most notably in the Army National Guard (ARNG). Data used in this study were obtained for suicides occurring from 2007 to 2010 and for a random sample of nonsuicides from the general ARNG population. Of the military-related variables considered, a few showed relationships to suicide. Rather, the primary variables associated with suicide were soldier background characteristics, including age (17-24 years), race (White), and gender (male). Cluster analysis revealed two distinct suicide groups: "careerists" (about one third of all suicides) and "first-termers" (about two thirds of all suicides), each group exhibiting different concurrent behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Griffith
- James Griffith, Colonel, Medical Service Corps, U.S. Army National Guard, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Pereira EJ, Kroner DG, Holden RR, Flamenbaum R. Testing Shneidman’s model of suicidality in incarcerated offenders and in undergraduates. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lasgaard M, Goossens L, Elklit A. Loneliness, Depressive Symptomatology, and Suicide Ideation in Adolescence: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 39:137-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-010-9442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Price IR, Lavercombe LJ. Depression in early adolescence: relation to externalising and internalising behaviour. Percept Mot Skills 2000; 90:723-30. [PMID: 10883750 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2000.90.3.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between depression, on the one hand, and externalising and internalising behaviour, on the other, in 151 adolescents (79 boys and 72 girls) was examined with respect to the possible moderating role of sex-role stereotyping. The Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Achenbach Teacher Report Form, and the Australian Sex-Role Scale were used to assess the hypothesis that adolescents adapt to the experience of depression in gender-appropriate ways. A regression analysis indicated that the pattern of relationships was different for boys and girls. The hypothesis was supported for boys and externalising behaviour but not for girls and internalising behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Price
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Australia
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Finn CA. Treating Adolescent Depression: A Review of Intervention Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2000.9747856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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