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Wang YJ, Zhang X, Lam CK, Guo H, Wang C, Zhang S, Wu JC, Snyder M, Li J. Systems analysis of de novo mutations in congenital heart diseases identified a protein network in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cell Syst 2022; 13:895-910.e4. [PMID: 36167075 PMCID: PMC9671831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strong genetic component, only a few genes have been identified in congenital heart diseases (CHDs). We introduced systems analyses to uncover the hidden organization on biological networks of mutations in CHDs and leveraged network analysis to integrate the protein interactome, patient exomes, and single-cell transcriptomes of the developing heart. We identified a CHD network regulating heart development and observed that a sub-network also regulates fetal brain development, thereby providing mechanistic insights into the clinical comorbidities between CHDs and neurodevelopmental conditions. At a small scale, we experimentally verified uncharacterized cardiac functions of several proteins. At a global scale, our study revealed developmental dynamics of the network and observed its association with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), which was further supported by the dysregulation of the network in HLHS endothelial cells. Overall, our work identified previously uncharacterized CHD factors and provided a generalizable framework applicable to studying many other complex diseases. A record of this paper's Transparent Peer Review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Jessie Wang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- Department of Genetics and the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Genetics and the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics and the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jingjing Li
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Wilkes JK, Whitehead WE, Wang Y, Morris SA. Congenital Heart Disease and Myelomeningocele in the Newborn: Prevalence and Mortality. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:1026-1032. [PMID: 33688980 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Myelomeningocele (MMC) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are independent risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality in the newborn period and each can require significant operations shortly after birth. Few studies have examined the impact of these combined lesions. We sought to examine the incidence of CHD in patients with MMC, and to evaluate length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, and mortality. Using the Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File, ~ 6.9 million newborn records between 1/1999 and 12/2016 were examined. Hospitalizations were classified as MMC without CHD (n = 3054), CHD without MMC (n = 72,266), and MMC with CHD (n = 171). The birth prevalence of CHD with MMC was 0.3/10,000 live hospital births, with 5% of patients with MMC having CHD, and 0.2% of those with CHD having MMC. There was increased LOS in patients with both MMC and CHD (median 15 days, IQR 5-31), compared to CHD without MMC (median 6 days, IQR 2-20) and MMC without CHD (median 8 days, IQR 1-14) and higher total hospital charges (median $95,007, IQR $26,731-$222,660) compared to CHD without MMC (median $27,726, $6463-$118,370) and MMC without CHD (median $40,066, IQR $5744-$97,490). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with MMC and CHD (22.2% compared to 3.1% in MMC without CHD and 4.1% in CHD without MMC). Significance remained when limiting for patients without genetic conditions or additional major birth defects. MMC with CHD in the newborn compared to either CHD or MMC alone is associated with longer LOS, higher charges, and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Wilkes
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main St, Houston, TX, E192077030, USA.
| | - William E Whitehead
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main St, Houston, TX, E192077030, USA
| | - Shaine A Morris
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main St, Houston, TX, E192077030, USA
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Johnson AL, Schneider JE, Mohun TJ, Williams T, Bhattacharya S, Henderson DJ, Phillips HM, Bamforth SD. Early Embryonic Expression of AP-2α Is Critical for Cardiovascular Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7030027. [PMID: 32717817 PMCID: PMC7570199 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cardiovascular malformation is a common birth defect incorporating abnormalities of the outflow tract and aortic arch arteries, and mice deficient in the transcription factor AP-2α (Tcfap2a) present with complex defects affecting these structures. AP-2α is expressed in the pharyngeal surface ectoderm and neural crest at mid-embryogenesis in the mouse, but the precise tissue compartment in which AP-2α is required for cardiovascular development has not been identified. In this study we describe the fully penetrant AP-2α deficient cardiovascular phenotype on a C57Bl/6J genetic background and show that this is associated with increased apoptosis in the pharyngeal ectoderm. Neural crest cell migration into the pharyngeal arches was not affected. Cre-expressing transgenic mice were used in conjunction with an AP-2α conditional allele to examine the effect of deleting AP-2α from the pharyngeal surface ectoderm and the neural crest, either individually or in combination, as well as the second heart field. This, surprisingly, was unable to fully recapitulate the global AP-2α deficient cardiovascular phenotype. The outflow tract and arch artery phenotype was, however, recapitulated through early embryonic Cre-mediated recombination. These findings indicate that AP-2α has a complex influence on cardiovascular development either being required very early in embryogenesis and/or having a redundant function in many tissue layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy-Leigh Johnson
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
| | | | | | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;
| | - Deborah J. Henderson
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Helen M. Phillips
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Simon D. Bamforth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-241-8764
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Is routine preoperative transthoracic echocardiography necessary in newborns with myelomeningocele? J Perinatol 2015; 35:842-5. [PMID: 26156062 PMCID: PMC5115780 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital heart disease (CHD) is common in newborns with myelomeningocele. Echocardiography before neonatal back closure has been recommended. Its utility in the era of prenatal diagnosis is unclear. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed all newborns with myelomeningocele evaluated by preoperative echocardiography at our institution over 11 years. RESULT Seventy-six successive newborns were identified. Ninety-one percent were prenatally diagnosed with myelomeningocele. In all, 1% had critical, 12% critical or non-critical and 22% critical, non-critical or possible CHD. The single case of critical CHD was both prenatally diagnosed and clinically identifiable. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CHD in newborns with myelomeningocele is increased compared with the general population; however, critical disease is uncommon. We propose preoperative echocardiography is unnecessary when the myelomeningocele is prenatally diagnosed, antenatal cardiac screening is complete and normal, and the newborn is clinically well.
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Boczonadi V, Gillespie R, Keenan I, Ramsbottom SA, Donald-Wilson C, Al Nazer M, Humbert P, Schwarz RJ, Chaudhry B, Henderson DJ. Scrib:Rac1 interactions are required for the morphogenesis of the ventricular myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:103-15. [PMID: 25139745 PMCID: PMC4174891 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The organization and maturation of ventricular cardiomyocytes from the embryonic to the adult form is crucial for normal cardiac function. We have shown that a polarity protein, Scrib, may be involved in regulating the early stages of this process. Our goal was to establish whether Scrib plays a cell autonomous role in the ventricular myocardium, and whether this involves well-known polarity pathways. Methods and results Deletion of Scrib in cardiac precursors utilizing Scribflox mice together with the Nkx2.5-Cre driver resulted in disruption of the cytoarchitecture of the forming trabeculae and ventricular septal defects. Although the majority of mice lacking Scrib in the myocardium survived to adulthood, they developed marked cardiac fibrosis. Scrib did not physically interact with the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein, Vangl2, in early cardiomyocytes as it does in other tissues, suggesting that the anomalies did not result from disruption of PCP signalling. However, Scrib interacted with Rac1 physically in embryonic cardiomyocytes and genetically to result in ventricular abnormalities, suggesting that this interaction is crucial for the development of the early myocardium. Conclusions The Scrib–Rac1 interaction plays a crucial role in the organization of developing cardiomyocytes and formation of the ventricular myocardium. Thus, we have identified a novel signalling pathway in the early, functioning, heart muscle. These data also show that the foetus can recover from relatively severe abnormalities in prenatal ventricular development, although cardiac fibrosis can be a long-term consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Boczonadi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rachel Gillespie
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Iain Keenan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon A Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | | | - Mariana Al Nazer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Patrick Humbert
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Bill Chaudhry
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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Wei X, Li H, Miao J, Zhou F, Liu B, Wu D, Li S, Wang L, Fan Y, Wang W, Yuan Z. Disturbed apoptosis and cell proliferation in developing neuroepithelium of lumbo‐sacral neural tubes in retinoic acid‐induced spina bifida aperta in rat. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.03.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jianing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shujing Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital MalformationShengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Anesthetic concerns and perioperative complications in repair of myelomeningocele: a retrospective review of 135 cases. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2010; 22:11-5. [PMID: 19779365 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0b013e3181bb44a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelomeningocele (MMC) a complex congenital spinal anomaly, results from neural tube defect during first 4 weeks of gestation. Medical records of 135 children who underwent excision and repair of MMC from January 2003 to December 2006 were analyzed, retrospectively. Data on associated illnesses, anesthetic management, perioperative complications, and outcome were recorded. The patient population consisted of older infants with unrepaired MMC. The average age of presentation was 1 year and 8 months. The commonest site of presentation was lumbar (39.3%). Leaking MMC was present in 19.3% of cases, most had associated electrolyte imbalance. Hydrocephalus was the commonest association (67.4%) followed by Chiari-II malformation (58.4%). Renal abnormality was present in 9% of cases and 24.4% of children had scoliosis. Two infants (1.5%) presented with inspiratory stridor. Intraoperative cardiac and respiratory problems were observed in 15.6% and 11.1%, of cases, respectively. Two children (1.5%) suffered cardiac arrest; both had associated Chiari-II malformation and hydrocephalus. Postoperative ventilation was required in 8.9% of children, primarily due to inadequate reversal from neuromuscular blockade. Infection, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and pseudomeningocele were common surgical complications. Improvement of motor, sensory, and sphincteric function was observed in 30.5%, 22.9%, and 14.1%, respectively. To conclude, surgical repair of MMC may at times pose life-threatening complications mostly because of associated anomalies. Children with associated Chiari malformation and/or hydrocephalus need special attention during perioperative period.
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