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Hong CS, Ho W, Piazza MG, Ray-Chaudhury A, Zhuang Z, Heiss JD. Characterization of the blood brain barrier in pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:29-33. [PMID: 27917302 PMCID: PMC5132180 DOI: 10.5455/jihp.20160623053540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective The normal blood–brain barrier (BBB) is composed of tight junctions between endothelial cells and surrounding astrocyte foot processes. Breakdown of the physiological astrocyte-endothelial cell relationship occurs in adult metastatic and primary brain tumors. However, the astrocyte-endothelial cell relationship has not been studied in pediatric tumors. Materials and Methods Utilizing specimens from cases of pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 5), medulloblastoma (n = 5), and low-grade diffuse astrocytoma (n = 1), immunofluorescence were performed using primary antibodies against CD31, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aquaporin 4 (AQ4). Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, operative, and histopathological findings were analyzed. Results Strongly-enhancing areas of medulloblastoma exhibited complete BBB breakdown with sparse GFAP and AQ4 staining around CD31-positive vessels. Moderately enhancing regions of pilocytic astrocytomas exhibited regions of intact BBB and vasculature surrounded by dense GFAP staining but reduced and disorganized AQ4 staining, suggesting tumor cells could not fulfill physiological BBB support. Non-enhancing low-grade diffuse astrocytoma demonstrated intact BBB with intense peri-microvasculature GFAP and AQ4 staining. AQ4 stained so strongly that AQ4 visualization alone delineated CD31-positive vessels. Conclusion Taken together, BBB breakdown in pediatric tumors corresponds to a loss of normal endothelial cell-astrocyte foot process relationships. Further development of pharmaceutical agents capitalizing on this disrupted BBB is warranted in medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma. However, BBB integrity remains a challenge in treating low-grade diffuse astrocytoma before progression toward secondary glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Hong
- Department of Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Winson Ho
- Department of Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin G Piazza
- Department of Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Abhik Ray-Chaudhury
- Department of Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Department of Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- Department of Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Girard E, Ditzler S, Lee D, Richards A, Yagle K, Park J, Eslamy H, Bobilev D, Vrignaud P, Olson J. Efficacy of cabazitaxel in mouse models of pediatric brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:107-15. [PMID: 25140037 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors for chemotherapy that is efficacious, avoids damage to the developing brain, and crosses the blood-brain barrier. These experiments evaluated the efficacy of cabazitaxel in mouse models of pediatric brain tumors. METHODS The antitumor activity of cabazitaxel and docetaxel were compared in flank and orthotopic xenograft models of patient-derived atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), medulloblastoma, and central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET). Efficacy of cabazitaxel and docetaxel were also assessed in the Smo/Smo spontaneous mouse medulloblastoma tumor model. RESULTS This study observed significant tumor growth inhibition in pediatric patient-derived flank xenograft tumor models of ATRT, medulloblastoma, and CNS-PNET after treatment with either cabazitaxel or docetaxel. Cabazitaxel, but not docetaxel, treatment resulted in sustained tumor growth inhibition in the ATRT and medulloblastoma flank xenograft models. Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of ATRT, medulloblastoma, and CNS-PNET showed significantly improved survival with treatment of cabazitaxel. CONCLUSION These data support further testing of cabazitaxel as a therapy for treating human pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Sally Ditzler
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Andrew Richards
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Kevin Yagle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Joshua Park
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Hedieh Eslamy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Dmitri Bobilev
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - Patricia Vrignaud
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
| | - James Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (E.G., S.D., A.R., J.O.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (D.L., K.Y., J.P., H.E.); Sanofi Oncology, Global Oncology Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 (D.B.); Oncology/Translational and Experimental Medicine, Sanofi Inc, Vitry sur Seine, France (P.V.)
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