1
|
Lee MT, Mouri A, Kubota H, Lee HJ, Chang MH, Wu CY, Knutson DE, Mihovilovic M, Cook J, Sieghart W, Nabeshima T, Chiou LC. Targeting α6GABA A receptors as a novel therapy for schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept preclinical study using various animal models. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113022. [PMID: 35483195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors containing α6 subunits (α6GABAARs) in the cerebellum have -been implicated in schizophrenia. It was reported that the GABA synthesizing enzymes were downregulated whereas α6GABAARs were upregulated in postmortem cerebellar tissues of patients with schizophrenia and in a rat model induced by chronic phencyclidine (PCP). We have previously demonstrated that pyrazoloquinolinone Compound 6, an α6GABAAR-highly selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM), can rescue the disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI) induced by methamphetamine (METH), an animal model mimicking the sensorimotor gating deficit based on the hyper-dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate that not only Compound 6, but also its structural analogues, LAU463 and LAU159, with similarly high α6GABAAR selectivity and their respective deuterated derivatives (DK-I-56-1, DK-I-58-1 and DK-I-59-1) can rescue METH-induced PPI disruption. Besides, Compound 6 and DK-I-56-I can also rescue the PPI disruption induced by acute administration of PCP, an animal model based on the hypo-glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. Importantly, Compound 6 and DK-I-56-I, at doses not affecting spontaneous locomotor activity, can also rescue impairments of social interaction and novel object recognition in mice induced by chronic PCP treatments. At similar doses, Compound 6 did not induce sedation but significantly suppressed METH-induced hyperlocomotion. Thus, α6GABAAR-selective PAMs can rescue not only disrupted PPI but also hyperlocomotion, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment, in both METH- and PCP-induced animal models mimicking schizophrenia, suggesting that they are a potential novel therapy for the three core symptoms, i.e. positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment, of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tatt Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi 468-0069, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kubota
- Department of Regulatory Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsin Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Daniel E Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Marko Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - James Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Werner Sieghart
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi 468-0069, Japan
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sieghart W, Chiou LC, Ernst M, Fabjan J, M Savić M, Lee MT. α6-Containing GABA A Receptors: Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potentials. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:238-270. [PMID: 35017178 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors containing the α6 subunit are highly expressed in cerebellar granule cells and less abundantly in many other neuronal and peripheral tissues. Here, we for the first time summarize their importance for the functions of the cerebellum and the nervous system. The cerebellum is not only involved in motor control but also in cognitive, emotional, and social behaviors. α6βγ2 GABAA receptors located at cerebellar Golgi cell/granule cell synapses enhance the precision of inputs required for cerebellar timing of motor activity and are thus involved in cognitive processing and adequate responses to our environment. Extrasynaptic α6βδ GABAA receptors regulate the amount of information entering the cerebellum by their tonic inhibition of granule cells, and their optimal functioning enhances input filtering or contrast. The complex roles of the cerebellum in multiple brain functions can be compromised by genetic or neurodevelopmental causes that lead to a hypofunction of cerebellar α6-containing GABAA receptors. Animal models mimicking neuropsychiatric phenotypes suggest that compounds selectively activating or positively modulating cerebellar α6-containing GABAA receptors can alleviate essential tremor and motor disturbances in Angelman and Down syndrome as well as impaired prepulse inhibition in neuropsychiatric disorders and reduce migraine and trigeminal-related pain via α6-containing GABAA receptors in trigeminal ganglia. Genetic studies in humans suggest an association of the human GABAA receptor α6 subunit gene with stress-associated disorders. Animal studies support this conclusion. Neuroimaging and post-mortem studies in humans further support an involvement of α6-containing GABAA receptors in various neuropsychiatric disorders, pointing to a broad therapeutic potential of drugs modulating α6-containing GABAA receptors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: α6-Containing GABAA receptors are abundantly expressed in cerebellar granule cells, but their pathophysiological roles are widely unknown, and they are thus out of the mainstream of GABAA receptor research. Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence indicates that these receptors have a crucial function in neuronal circuits of the cerebellum and the nervous system, and experimental, genetic, post-mortem, and pharmacological studies indicate that selective modulation of these receptors offers therapeutic prospects for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and for stress and its consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Sieghart
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences (W.S.), and Center for Brain Research, Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System (M.E., J.F.), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (L.-C.C., M.T.L.), and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (L.-C.C., M.T.L.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (M.M.S.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (M.T.L.); and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (L.-C.C.)
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences (W.S.), and Center for Brain Research, Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System (M.E., J.F.), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (L.-C.C., M.T.L.), and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (L.-C.C., M.T.L.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (M.M.S.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (M.T.L.); and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (L.-C.C.)
| | - Margot Ernst
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences (W.S.), and Center for Brain Research, Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System (M.E., J.F.), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (L.-C.C., M.T.L.), and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (L.-C.C., M.T.L.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (M.M.S.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (M.T.L.); and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (L.-C.C.)
| | - Jure Fabjan
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences (W.S.), and Center for Brain Research, Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System (M.E., J.F.), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (L.-C.C., M.T.L.), and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (L.-C.C., M.T.L.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (M.M.S.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (M.T.L.); and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (L.-C.C.)
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences (W.S.), and Center for Brain Research, Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System (M.E., J.F.), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (L.-C.C., M.T.L.), and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (L.-C.C., M.T.L.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (M.M.S.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (M.T.L.); and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (L.-C.C.)
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences (W.S.), and Center for Brain Research, Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System (M.E., J.F.), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (L.-C.C., M.T.L.), and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (L.-C.C., M.T.L.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (M.M.S.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (M.T.L.); and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (L.-C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barman M, Roy S, Ray S. Mitotic Abnormality Inducing Effects of Leaf Aqueous Extract of Clerodendrum inerme Gaertn. on Allium cepa Root Apical Meristem Cells. CYTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.86.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabendu Barman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan
| | - Sujit Roy
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan
| | - Sanjib Ray
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The α6 GABA A Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator DK-I-56-1 Reduces Tic-Related Behaviors in Mouse Models of Tourette Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020175. [PMID: 33525455 PMCID: PMC7912006 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disabling neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple, recurrent tics. The pharmacological treatment of TS is currently based on dopaminergic antagonists; however, these drugs are associated with extrapyramidal symptoms and other serious adverse events. Recent evidence suggests that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAA receptors containing α6 subunits (α6 GABAARs) oppose the behavioral effects of dopamine. Building on this evidence, in the present study, we tested the efficacy of DK-I-56-1, a highly selective PAM for α6 GABAARs, in mouse models of TS exhibiting tic-related responses. DK-I-56-1 significantly reduced tic-like jerks and prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in D1CT-7 transgenic mice, a well-documented mouse model of TS. DK-I-56-1 also prevented the exacerbation of spontaneous eyeblink reflex induced by the potent dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958, a proxy for tic-like responses. We also showed that both systemic and prefrontal cortical administration of DK-I-56-1 countered the PPI disruption caused by SKF 82958. Although the effects of DK-I-56-1 were akin to those elicited by dopaminergic antagonists, this drug did not elicit extrapyramidal effects, as measured by catalepsy. These results point to α6 GABAAR PAMs as promising TS therapies with a better safety profile than dopaminergic antagonists.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pratoomsoot C, Wongkattiya N, Sanguansermsri D. Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. and Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Extracts and Their Potential as a Treatment for Xerosis Cutis. Complement Med Res 2020; 27:410-420. [PMID: 32526744 DOI: 10.1159/000507606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common health condition among older persons is xerosis cutis. Topical corticosteroid treatments are -associated with side effects. There is an unmet need for her-bal treatment alternatives. Coccinia grandis, Clerodendrum inerme and Acanthus ebracteatus are used to treat skin con-ditions in Thai traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, synergistic properties as well as their cytotoxicity. METHODS -Ethanolic herbal extracts were used to perform minimal -inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays on common skin pathogens. Synergistic anti-microbial activity was evaluated by a chequerboard assay. Antioxidant and synergistic properties were assessed by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Cytotoxicity was tested on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocytes. RESULTS All extracts showed an inhibitory effect on growth of all microorganisms tested. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.0625 to 32 mg/mL and from 0.0625 to >256 mg/mL, respectively. A. ebracteatus extract markedly demonstrated bactericidal activity against an methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Additive antimicrobial activity was observed (fractional inhibitory concentration index values: 0.75-1). All extracts possessed antioxidant properties (IC50 values: 0.12-0.25 mg/L). However, antagonism was observed with paired extract combinations (combination index values: 1.025-1.455). The cell viability assay confirmed that herbal extracts were not cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide early findings of pharmacological activities to support a novel choice of herbal combinations as potential local skin treatment options for xerosis cutis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanin Pratoomsoot
- Division of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, .,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,
| | - Nalin Wongkattiya
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Donruedee Sanguansermsri
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mouri A, Lee HJ, Mamiya T, Aoyama Y, Matsumoto Y, Kubota H, Huang WJ, Chiou LC, Nabeshima T. Hispidulin attenuates the social withdrawal in isolated disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 mutant and chronic phencyclidine-treated mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3210-3224. [PMID: 32133633 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hispidulin is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum inerme that was found to inhibit intractable motor tics. Previously, we found that hispidulin attenuates hyperlocomotion and the disrupted prepulse inhibition induced by methamphetamine and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, two phenotypes of schizophrenia resembling positive symptoms. Hispidulin can inhibit COMT, a dopamine-metabolizing enzyme in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that is important for social interaction. Here, we investigated whether hispidulin would affect social withdrawal, one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined whether acute administration of hispidulin would attenuate social withdrawal in two mice models, juvenile isolated disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 mutant (mutDISC1) mice and chronic phencyclidine (PCP)-treated naïve mice. KEY RESULTS In chronic PCP-treated mice, hispidulin (10 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) attenuated social withdrawal similar to that observed with dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH-23390, 0.02 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) and was mimicked by the selective COMT inhibitor, OR-486 (10 mg·kg-1 , i.p.). Hispidulin increased extracellular dopamine levels in the PFC of chronic PCP-treated mice. In isolated mutDISC1 mice, hispidulin also reversed social withdrawal. In both models, intra-PFC microinjection of a D1 agonist (SKF-81297: 10 nmol/mouse/bilateral) reversed the impairment of Ser897 phosphorylation at the GluN1 subunit of NMDA receptors, suggesting the association between GluN1 Ser897 -phosphorylation and D1 activation in the PFC exits in both models. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Hispidulin attenuated social withdrawal by activating D1 receptors indirectly through elevated dopamine levels in the PFC by COMT inhibition. This nature of hispidulin suggests that it a potential novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mouri
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation and Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takayoshi Mamiya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoyama
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yurie Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kubota
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation and Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chiou LC, Lee HJ, Ernst M, Huang WJ, Chou JF, Chen HL, Mouri A, Chen LC, Treven M, Mamiya T, Fan PC, Knutson DE, Witzigmann C, Cook J, Sieghart W, Nabeshima T. Cerebellar α 6 -subunit-containing GABA A receptors: a novel therapeutic target for disrupted prepulse inhibition in neuropsychiatric disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29518821 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathophysiological role of α6 -subunit-containing GABAA receptors, which are mainly expressed in cerebellar granule cells, remains unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that hispidulin, a flavonoid isolated from a local herb that remitted a patient's intractable motor tics, attenuated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of cerebellar α6 GABAA receptors. Here, using hispidulin and a selective α6 GABAA receptor PAM, the pyrazoloquinolinone Compound 6, we revealed an unprecedented role of cerebellar α6 GABAA receptors in disrupted prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI), which reflects sensorimotor gating deficits manifested in several neuropsychiatric disorders. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PPI disruptions were induced by methamphetamine and NMDA receptor antagonists in mice. Effects of the tested compounds were measured in Xenopus oocytes expressing recombinant α6 β3 γ2S GABAA receptors. KEY RESULTS Hispidulin given i.p. or by bilateral intracerebellar (i.cb.) injection rescued PPI disruptions induced by methamphetamine, ketamine, MK-801 and phencyclidine. Intracerebellar effects of hispidulin were mimicked by Ro15-4513 and loreclezole (two α6 GABAA receptor PAMs), but not by diazepam (an α6 GABAA receptor-inactive benzodiazepine) and were antagonized by furosemide (i.cb.), an α6 GABAA receptor antagonist. Importantly, Compound 6 (i.p.) also rescued methamphetamine-induced PPI disruption, an effect prevented by furosemide (i.cb.). Both hispidulin and Compound 6 potentiated α6 β3 γ2S GABAA receptor-mediated GABA currents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Positive allosteric modulation of cerebellar α6 GABAA receptors rescued disrupted PPI by attenuating granule cell activity. α6 GABAA receptor-selective PAMs are potential medicines for treating sensorimotor gating deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. A mechanistic hypothesis is based on evidence for cerebellar contributions to cognitive functioning including sensorimotor gating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National TaiwanUniversity, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Margot Ernst
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Feng Chou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Lie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Liang-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marco Treven
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takayoshi Mamiya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel E Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chris Witzigmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Werner Sieghart
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Aino University, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharp AN, Singer HS. Standard, Complementary, and Future Treatment Options for Tics. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-018-0138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
9
|
Chen LC, Hsu KC, Chiou LC, Tseng HJ, Huang WJ. Total Synthesis and Metabolic Stability of Hispidulin and Its d-Labelled Derivative. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111897. [PMID: 29113055 PMCID: PMC6150239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hispidulin is a naturally occurring flavone known to have various Central nervous system (CNS) activities. Proposed synthetic approaches to synthesizing hispidulin have proven unsatisfactory due to their low feasibility and poor overall yields. To solve these problems, this study developed a novel scheme for synthesizing hispidulin, which had an improved overall yield as well as more concise reaction steps compared to previous methods reported. Additionally, using the same synthetic strategy, d-labelled hispidulin was synthesized to investigate its metabolic stability against human liver microsome. This work may produce new chemical entities for enriching the library of hispidulin-derived compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ju Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liao YH, Lee HJ, Huang WJ, Fan PC, Chiou LC. Hispidulin alleviated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion by acting at α6 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the cerebellum. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3187-99. [PMID: 27385415 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hispidulin is a flavonoid we isolated from Clerodendrum inerme, an herb that effectively remitted a case of intractable motor tic disorders. Hispidulin was shown to be a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of GABAA receptors, including the α6 subunit-containing subtype (α6GABAAR) that is predominantly expressed in cerebellar granule cells and insensitive to diazepam. OBJECTIVES We explored the action mechanism(s) of hispidulin using hyperdopaminergic mouse models induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine, based on the hyperdopaminergic nature of tic disorders. RESULTS Hispidulin significantly inhibited methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (MIH) at i.p. doses without affecting apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotypy behaviors or having significant benzodiazepine-like effects (BZLE), including sedation, anxiety, and motor impairment. When given by intracerebellar (i.c.b.) microinjection, hispidulin also alleviated MIH and this effect was prevented by i.c.b. coadministration of furosemide, an α6GABAAR antagonist, and mimicked by i.c.b. Ro 15-4513, an α6GABAAR PAM. Conversely, i.c.b. diazepam did not affect MIH while it reduced MIH at i.p. doses having significant BZLE. In a screening assay for 92 neurotransmitter receptors/degradation enzymes/transporters, hispidulin displayed significant (>50 % inhibition of radiolabeled ligand binding at 10 μM) binding affinity only at the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAARs (IC50 0.73∼1.78 μM) and catecholamine-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) (IC50 1.32 μM). OR-486, a more potent COMT inhibitor than hispidulin, did not affect MIH. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that hispidulin alleviates MIH via acting as a PAM of cerebellar α6GABAARs, but not through COMT inhibition or affecting dopamine receptor responsiveness. Thus, selective α6GABAAR PAMs may have the potential to be a novel treatment for hyperdopaminergic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang WJ, Lee HJ, Chen HL, Fan PC, Ku YL, Chiou LC. Hispidulin, a constituent of Clerodendrum inerme that remitted motor tics, alleviated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion without motor impairment in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:18-22. [PMID: 25764963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Previously, we found a patient with an intractable motor tic disorder that could be ameliorated by the ground leaf juice of Clerodendrum inerme (CI). Furthermore, the ethanol extract of CI leaves effectively ameliorated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (MIH) in mice, an animal model mimicking the hyper-dopaminergic status of tic disorders/Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Here, we for the first time identified a constituent able to reduce MIH from the CI ethanol extract that might represent a novel lead for the treatment of such disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract of CI was sub-divided into n-hexane, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water fractions. Using MIH alleviation as a bioassay, active compounds were identified in these fractions using silica gel chromatography, recrystallization and proton NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS The dichloromethane and n-hexane fractions were active in the bioassay. Further subfractionation and re-crystallization resulted in an active compound that was identified to be hispidulin by proton NMR spectroscopy. Hispidulin significantly alleviated MIH in mice at doses that did not affect their spontaneous locomotor activity or performance in the rotarod test, a measure for motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS Hispidulin is a flavonoid that has been isolated from several plants and reported to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Here, we for the very first time found that hispidulin can also alleviate MIH at doses that did not impair motor activity, suggesting a therapeutic potential of hispidulin in hyper-dopaminergic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Lie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Ku
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clerodendrum inerme Leaf Extract Alleviates Animal Behaviors, Hyperlocomotion, and Prepulse Inhibition Disruptions, Mimicking Tourette Syndrome and Schizophrenia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:284301. [PMID: 22844330 PMCID: PMC3403393 DOI: 10.1155/2012/284301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found a patient with intractable motor tic disorder, a spectrum of Tourette syndrome (TS), responsive to the ground leaf juice of Clerodendrum inerme (CI). Here, we examined the effect of the ethanol extract of CI leaves (CI extract) on animal behaviors mimicking TS, hyperlocomotion, and sensorimotor gating deficit. The latter is also observed in schizophrenic patients and can be reflected by a disruption of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (PPI) in animal models induced by methamphetamine and NMDA channel blockers (ketamine or MK-801), based on hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic hypotheses, respectively. CI extract (10–300 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) and PPI disruptions induced by methamphetamine, ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) but did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity, rotarod performance, and grip force. These results suggest that CI extract can relieve hyperlocomotion and improve sensorimotor gating deficit, supporting the therapeutic potential of CI for TS and schizophrenia.
Collapse
|