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Baker T, Caylor R, Wang J, Kilpatrick M, Batalis N, Wolff D, Welsh C. Neuropathologic Findings in Galloway-Mowat Syndrome 3 With a Novel OSGEP Variant. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:947-949. [PMID: 36063408 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Caylor
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jiyong Wang
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Kilpatrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas Batalis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Daynna Wolff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia Welsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Fujita A, Tsukaguchi H, Koshimizu E, Nakazato H, Itoh K, Kuraoka S, Komohara Y, Shiina M, Nakamura S, Kitajima M, Tsurusaki Y, Miyatake S, Ogata K, Iijima K, Matsumoto N, Miyake N. Homozygous splicing mutation in NUP133 causes Galloway-Mowat syndrome. Ann Neurol 2019; 84:814-828. [PMID: 30427554 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a neural and renal disorder, characterized by microcephaly, brain anomalies, and early onset nephrotic syndrome. Biallelic mutations in WDR73 and the 4 subunit genes of the KEOPS complex are reported to cause GAMOS. Furthermore, an identical homozygous NUP107 (nucleoporin 107kDa) mutation was identified in 4 GAMOS-like families, although biallelic NUP107 mutations were originally identified in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. NUP107 and NUP133 (nucleoporin 133kDa) are interacting subunits of the nuclear pore complex in the nuclear envelope during interphase, and these proteins are also involved in centrosome positioning and spindle assembly during mitosis. METHODS Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing were performed in a previously reported GAMOS family with brain atrophy and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. RESULTS We identified a homozygous NUP133 mutation, c.3335-11T>A, which results in the insertion of 9bp of intronic sequence between exons 25 and 26 in the mutant transcript. NUP133 and NUP107 interaction was impaired by the NUP133 mutation based on an immunoprecipitation assay. Importantly, focal cortical dysplasia type IIa was recognized in the brain of an autopsied patient and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was confirmed in the kidneys of the 3 examined patients. A nup133-knockdown zebrafish model exhibited microcephaly, fewer neuronal cells, underdeveloped glomeruli, and fusion of the foot processes of the podocytes, which mimicked human GAMOS features. nup133 morphants could be rescued by human wild-type NUP133 mRNA but not by mutant mRNA. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that the biallelic NUP133 loss-of-function mutation causes GAMOS. Ann Neurol 2018;84:814-828.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | | | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Hitoshi Nakazato
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Shohei Kuraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Shohei Nakamura
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Mika Kitajima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | | | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
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Lin PY, Tseng MH, Zenker M, Rao J, Hildebrandt F, Lin SH, Lin CC, Chang JH, Hsu CH, Lee MD, Lin SP, Tsai JD. Galloway-Mowat syndrome in Taiwan: OSGEP mutation and unique clinical phenotype. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:226. [PMID: 30558655 PMCID: PMC6296068 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the combination of glomerulopathy with early-onset nephrotic syndrome and microcephaly with central nervous system anomalies. Given its clinical heterogeneity, GAMOS is believed to be a genetically heterogenous group of disorders. Recently, it has been reported that mutations in KEOPS-encoding genes, including the OSGEP gene, were responsible for GAMOS. Results Overall, 6 patients from 5 different Taiwanese families were included in our study; the patients had an identical OSGEP gene mutation (c.740G > A transition) and all exhibited a uniform clinical phenotype with early-onset nephrotic syndrome, craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphism, primary microcephaly with pachygyria, and death before 2 years of age. We reviewed their clinical manifestations, the prenatal and postnatal presentations and ultrasound findings, results of imaging studies, associated anomalies, and outcome on follow-up. All individuals were found to have an “aged face” comprising peculiar facial dysmorphisms. Arachnodactyly or camptodactyly were noted in all patients. Neurological findings consisted of microcephaly, hypotonia, developmental delay, and seizures. Brain imaging studies all showed pachygyria and hypomyelination. All patients developed early-onset nephrotic syndrome. The proteinuria was steroid-resistant and eventually resulted in renal function impairment. Prenatal ultrasound findings included microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and oligohydramnios. Fetal MRI in 2 patients confirmed the gyral and myelin abnormalities. Conclusions Our study suggests that a careful review of the facial features can provide useful clues for an early and accurate diagnosis. Prenatal ultrasound findings, fetal MRI, genetic counseling, and mutation analysis may be useful for an early prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hua Tseng
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsing Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Dar Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatric Genetics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Daw Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Collapsing Glomerulopathy in a Child with Galloway-Mowat Syndrome. Case Rep Nephrol 2016; 2016:4386291. [PMID: 27403357 PMCID: PMC4923528 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4386291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GMS) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a poor prognosis that was first defined as a triad of central nervous system involvement, hiatal hernia, and nephrotic syndrome. However, this syndrome is now known to have a heterogeneous clinical presentation. The nephrotic syndrome is steroid resistant and is responsible for the outcome. The combination of collapsing glomerulopathy and GMS is very rare. A 26-month-old boy presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome associated with neurologic findings, including microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed marked cerebral atrophy, optic atrophy, and hypomyelination. A renal biopsy was consistent with collapsing glomerulopathy. If collapsing glomerulopathy is associated with neurological abnormalities, especially with microcephaly, clinicians should consider GMS as a possible underlying cause.
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Expansion of phenotype and genotypic data in CRB2-related syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1436-44. [PMID: 27004616 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence variants in CRB2 cause a syndrome with greatly elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels, cerebral ventriculomegaly and renal findings similar to Finnish congenital nephrosis. All reported patients have been homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for sequence variants in the Crumbs, Drosophila, Homolog of, 2 (CRB2) genes. Variants affecting CRB2 function have also been identified in four families with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, but without any other known systemic findings. We ascertained five, previously unreported individuals with biallelic variants in CRB2 that were predicted to affect function. We compiled the clinical features of reported cases and reviewed available literature for cases with features suggestive of CRB2-related syndrome in order to better understand the phenotypic and genotypic manifestations. Phenotypic analyses showed that ventriculomegaly was a common clinical manifestation (9/11 confirmed cases), in contrast to the original reports, in which patients were ascertained due to renal disease. Two children had minor eye findings and one was diagnosed with a B-cell lymphoma. Further genetic analysis identified one family with two affected siblings who were both heterozygous for a variant in NPHS2 predicted to affect function and separate families with sequence variants in NPHS4 and BBS7 in addition to the CRB2 variants. Our report expands the clinical phenotype of CRB2-related syndrome and establishes ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus as frequent manifestations. We found additional sequence variants in genes involved in kidney development and ciliopathies in patients with CRB2-related syndrome, suggesting that these variants may modify the phenotype.
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Jinks RN, Puffenberger EG, Baple E, Harding B, Crino P, Fogo AB, Wenger O, Xin B, Koehler AE, McGlincy MH, Provencher MM, Smith JD, Tran L, Al Turki S, Chioza BA, Cross H, Harlalka GV, Hurles ME, Maroofian R, Heaps AD, Morton MC, Stempak L, Hildebrandt F, Sadowski CE, Zaritsky J, Campellone K, Morton DH, Wang H, Crosby A, Strauss KA. Recessive nephrocerebellar syndrome on the Galloway-Mowat syndrome spectrum is caused by homozygous protein-truncating mutations of WDR73. Brain 2015; 138:2173-90. [PMID: 26070982 PMCID: PMC4511861 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, nephrosis, and profound intellectual disability. Jinks et al. extend the GMS spectrum by identifying a novel nephrocerebellar syndrome with selective striatal cholinergic interneuron loss and complete lateral geniculate nucleus delamination, caused by a frameshift mutation in WDR73. We describe a novel nephrocerebellar syndrome on the Galloway-Mowat syndrome spectrum among 30 children (ages 1.0 to 28 years) from diverse Amish demes. Children with nephrocerebellar syndrome had progressive microcephaly, visual impairment, stagnant psychomotor development, abnormal extrapyramidal movements and nephrosis. Fourteen died between ages 2.7 and 28 years, typically from renal failure. Post-mortem studies revealed (i) micrencephaly without polymicrogyria or heterotopia; (ii) atrophic cerebellar hemispheres with stunted folia, profound granule cell depletion, Bergmann gliosis, and signs of Purkinje cell deafferentation; (iii) selective striatal cholinergic interneuron loss; and (iv) optic atrophy with delamination of the lateral geniculate nuclei. Renal tissue showed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and extensive effacement and microvillus transformation of podocyte foot processes. Nephrocerebellar syndrome mapped to 700 kb on chromosome 15, which contained a single novel homozygous frameshift variant (WDR73 c.888delT; p.Phe296Leufs*26). WDR73 protein is expressed in human cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cultured embryonic kidney cells. It is concentrated at mitotic microtubules and interacts with α-, β-, and γ-tubulin, heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP-70; HSP-90), and the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase multi-enzyme complex. Recombinant WDR73 p.Phe296Leufs*26 and p.Arg256Profs*18 proteins are truncated, unstable, and show increased interaction with α- and β-tubulin and HSP-70/HSP-90. Fibroblasts from patients homozygous for WDR73 p.Phe296Leufs*26 proliferate poorly in primary culture and senesce early. Our data suggest that in humans, WDR73 interacts with mitotic microtubules to regulate cell cycle progression, proliferation and survival in brain and kidney. We extend the Galloway-Mowat syndrome spectrum with the first description of diencephalic and striatal neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Jinks
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Erik G Puffenberger
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA
| | - Emma Baple
- 3 RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK 4 Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK 5 Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Brian Harding
- 6 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Crino
- 7 Shriners Hospital Paediatric Research Centre, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- 8 Division of Renal Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olivia Wenger
- 9 New Leaf Clinic for Special Children, Mount Eaton, OH 44659, USA 10 Department of Paediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH 44302, USA
| | - Baozhong Xin
- 11 DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH 44062, USA
| | - Alanna E Koehler
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Madeleine H McGlincy
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Margaret M Provencher
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Smith
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Saeed Al Turki
- 12 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Barry A Chioza
- 13 Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Harold Cross
- 14 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA
| | - Gaurav V Harlalka
- 13 Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- 12 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- 13 Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Adam D Heaps
- 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA
| | - Mary C Morton
- 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA
| | - Lisa Stempak
- 15 Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 16 Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- 17 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA 18 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolin E Sadowski
- 18 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Zaritsky
- 19 Department of Paediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Kenneth Campellone
- 20 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - D Holmes Morton
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA 21 Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, USA
| | - Heng Wang
- 11 DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH 44062, USA 22 Department of Paediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrew Crosby
- 3 RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kevin A Strauss
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA 21 Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, USA
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Ben-Omran T, Fahiminiya S, Sorfazlian N, Almuriekhi M, Nawaz Z, Nadaf J, Abu Khadija K, Zaineddin S, Kamel H, Majewski J, Tropepe V. Nonsense mutation in theWDR73gene is associated with Galloway-Mowat syndrome. J Med Genet 2015; 52:381-90. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ekstrand JJ, Friedman AL, Stafstrom CE. Galloway-Mowat syndrome: neurologic features in two sibling pairs. Pediatr Neurol 2012; 47:129-32. [PMID: 22759691 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder presenting as early-onset nephrotic syndrome and central nervous system abnormalities, including microcephaly and developmental delays. Neurologic findings are universal in children with this disorder, and often precede renal abnormalities. However, relatively few descriptions of associated neurologic features are available. We describe two pairs of siblings with Galloway-Mowat syndrome who illustrate the spectrum of neurologic findings, to increase awareness of this syndrome among pediatric neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Ekstrand
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Liu YP, Tsai JD, Chen CY, Shih SL, Tsai FJ, Wu PC, Wang W. Galloway-Mowat syndrome: prenatal ultrasound and perinatal magnetic resonance imaging findings. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 50:212-6. [PMID: 21791310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present prenatal ultrasound and perinatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of Galloway-Mowat syndrome. CASE REPORT A 31-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, was referred for genetic counseling at 29 weeks of gestation because of abnormal ultrasound findings and a previous child with Galloway-Mowat syndrome. During this pregnancy, microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and oligohydramnios were first noted at 27 weeks of gestation. Repeated ultrasounds showed microcephaly, IUGR, and oligohydramnios. MRI performed at 32 weeks of gestation showed reduced sulcation of the brain, pachygyria, poor myelination of the white matter, and cerebellar atrophy. A diagnosis of recurrent Galloway-Mowat syndrome was made. At 40 weeks of gestation, a 2,496-g female baby was delivered with microcephaly, a narrow slopping forehead, epicanthic folds, microphthalmos, a highly arched palate, a small midface, a beaked nose, thin lips, large low-set floppy ears, clenched hands, and arachnodactyly. Postnatal MRI findings were consistent with the prenatal diagnosis. Renal ultrasound showed enlarged bilateral kidneys with increased echogenicity. At the age of 2 weeks, the infant became edematous and developed nephrotic syndrome. CONCLUSION Microcephaly, IUGR, and oligohydramnios are significant ultrasound triad of fetal Galloway-Mowat syndrome. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of microcephaly, IUGR, and oligohydramnios in late second trimester or in early third trimester should alert clinicians to the possibility of Galloway-Mowat syndrome and prompt a detailed search of abnormal sulcation, cortical gyral maldevelopment, and cerebellar atrophy by fetal ultrafast MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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