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English AM, Green KM, Moon SL. A (dis)integrated stress response: Genetic diseases of eIF2α regulators. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1689. [PMID: 34463036 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved mechanism by which eukaryotic cells remodel gene expression to adapt to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors rapidly and reversibly. The ISR is initiated when stress-activated protein kinases phosphorylate the major translation initiation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2ɑ (eIF2ɑ), which globally suppresses translation initiation activity and permits the selective translation of stress-induced genes including important transcription factors such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Translationally repressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs assemble into cytoplasmic RNA-protein granules and polyadenylated RNAs are concomitantly stabilized. Thus, regulated changes in mRNA translation, stability, and localization to RNA-protein granules contribute to the reprogramming of gene expression that defines the ISR. We discuss fundamental mechanisms of RNA regulation during the ISR and provide an overview of a growing class of genetic disorders associated with mutant alleles of key translation factors in the ISR pathway. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Translation > Translation Regulation RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M English
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katelyn M Green
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Human Genetics, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie L Moon
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wisse LE, Visser D, Ter Braak TJ, Bakkali A, Struys EA, Morrison CD, van der Knaap MS, Abbink TEM. Isocaloric low protein diet in a mouse model for vanishing white matter does not impact ISR deregulation in brain, but reveals ISR deregulation in liver. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1219-1230. [PMID: 33236691 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1846356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a genetic brain white matter disorder caused by mutations in eIF2B. eIF2B is central in the integrated stress response (ISR), during which its activity is inhibited by various cellular stresses. VWM is a chronic progressive disease with episodes of rapid neurological deterioration provoked by stresses. VWM patients and VWM mouse models show ISR deregulation in brain, correlating with chronic disease development. ISR inhibition ameliorates the chronic disease in VWM mice. The subacute deteriorations have not been modeled yet. We hypothesized that ISR activation could worsen disease progression in mice and model the episodic neurological deterioration.Method: We chose to activate the ISR by subjecting wild-type (wt) and VWM mice to an isocaloric low protein diet. This model would allow us to investigate the contribution of ISR activation in subacute decline in VWM.Results: We found that the low protein diet did not significantly affect amino acid levels nor ISR levels in wt and VWM mouse brain. Our study serendipitously led to the discovery of increased levels of glycine, asparagine and Fgf21 mRNA in VWM mouse brain irrespective of the dietary protein content. Strikingly, the ISR was not activated by the low protein diet in the liver of VWM in contrast to wt mice, due to a modest ISR deregulation in this organ.Discussion: A model for subacute neurological deterioration in VWM was not established. Possibly, ISR deregulation in VWM results in reduced ISR responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne E Wisse
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Visser
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo J Ter Braak
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abdellatif Bakkali
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eduard A Struys
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Truus E M Abbink
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wei C, Qin Q, Chen F, Zhou A, Wang F, Zuo X, Chen R, Lyu J, Jia J. Adult-onset vanishing white matter disease with the EIF2B2 gene mutation presenting as menometrorrhagia. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:203. [PMID: 31438897 PMCID: PMC6704498 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) is one of the most prevalent inherited leukoencephalopathies, which generally presents in childhood as a progressive disorder while less beginning in adulthood. The present report describes the clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic findings of a female patient with adult-onset VWMD. In addition, to provide a clearer delineation of the clinical and genetic characteristics of female adult-onset VWMD patients, 32 genetically confirmed female adult-onset EIF2B-mutated cases are summarized. Case presentation The patient described here suffered from long-term menometrorrhagia prior to manifesting progressive neurological impairments that included tremors, bilateral pyramidal tract injury, cerebellar ataxia, and dementia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first female patient with adult-onset VWMD suffering from long-term menometrorrhagia attributed to the c.254 T > A and c.496A > G mutations in the EIF2B2 gene; the c.496A > G mutation has not been reported in previous studies. The patient also exhibited metabolic dysfunction. The present findings widen the spectrum of phenotypic heterogeneity observed in VWMD patients. Conclusions The present report summarizes 33 female patients with adult-onset VWMD to provide an overview of the clinical and genetic characteristics of this disorder and ovarioleukodystrophy. The mean age of clinical onset in female patients with adult-onset VWMD was 36.8 years and the neurological symptoms primarily included motor and cognitive dysfunction such as paraparesis, cerebellar ataxia, and executive deficits. In addition, ovarian failure occurred in all of these female patients and usually preceded the neurological symptoms. Furthermore, several patients also suffered from metabolic dysfunction. All 33 patients had mutations on EIF2B1–5, and of these, the c.338 G > A mutation in the EIF2B5 gene (p.Arg113His) was the most common. These findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of adult-onset forms of VWMD as well as its typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical characteristics although this pathology is usually recognized as a pediatric disorder. No curative treatment is presently available, and thus early recognition is important to prevent triggering events and to allow for genetic counseling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12883-019-1429-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibai Wei
- Innovation center for neurological disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qi Qin
- Innovation center for neurological disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Innovation center for neurological disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Aihong Zhou
- Innovation center for neurological disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Innovation center for neurological disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiumei Zuo
- Innovation center for neurological disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jihui Lyu
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation center for neurological disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
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eIF2B-related multisystem disorder in two sisters with atypical presentations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2017; 21:404-409. [PMID: 28041799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) is a chronic progressive leukoencephalopathy that is characterized by cerebellar ataxia and spasticity, together with cystic degeneration of the cerebral white matter as evidenced by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we report two sisters with EIF2B2 variants, who presented with delayed development and failure to thrive before 1 year of age, developed cataracts, and showed diffuse leukoencephalopathy. CASE PRESENTATION The index case had a history of hepatomegaly and intermittent vomiting after upper respiratory infection at 11 months of age. Her older brothers had died at an early age, one with similar symptoms and the other because of septic shock. Her older sister had similar presenting symptoms; she later suffered from both cataracts and primary amenorrhea, but showed neurological improvement. Her follow-up MRIs (at 21 years of age) revealed progressive diffuse brain atrophy with leukoencephalopathy, without cystic rarefaction. Whole-exome sequencing of the index case revealed the presence of the compound heterozygous variants, Val85Glu and Met226Lys in EIF2B2. The affected sister had the same compound heterozygous variants, and their unaffected parents were heterozygous carriers of each variant. CONCLUSIONS This study expanded the clinical and genetic spectrum of VWM with EIF2B2 variants. It would be better to consider VWM as an eIF2B-related multisystem disorder, not just as a neurological disorder, on the basis that this is a family of housekeeping genes that affect multiple organs.
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Woody AL, Hsieh DT, McIver HK, Thomas LP, Rohena L. Infantile onset Vanishing White Matter disease associated with a novelEIF2B5variant, remarkably long life span, severe epilepsy, and hypopituitarism. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:826-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- April L. Woody
- Department of Pediatrics; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio Texas
| | - David T. Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Child Neurology; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio Texas
| | - Harkirtin K. McIver
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Endocrinology; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio Texas
| | - Linda P. Thomas
- Department of Radiology; Division of Pediatric Radiology; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio Texas
| | - Luis Rohena
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Genetics; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio Texas
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Klingelhoefer L, Misbahuddin A, Jawad T, Mellers J, Jarosz J, Weeks R, Ray Chaudhuri K. Vanishing white matter disease presenting as opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome in childhood--a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 51:157-64. [PMID: 24938145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanishing white matter disease is caused by mutations of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (EIF2B) and is a prevalent cause of inherited childhood leukoencephalopathy. Infantile and early childhood onset forms are associated with chronic progressive neurological signs, with episodes of rapid, neurological, and poor prognosis, with death in few months or years. In contrast, onset in late childhood and adult onset is rare and is associated with long-term survival because of milder signs and slow progression. PATIENT DESCRIPTION We present a patient with a genetically proven vanishing white matter disease, typical brain MRI, presenting with opsoclonus myoclonus in early childhood and a delayed development of adult multifocal dystonia and schizoaffective disorder with continued survival. In addition we have also reviewed the relevant literature based on 42 previous articles summarizing clinical details of 318 individuals with vanishing white matter disease (single case reports to case series). In 283, genetic mutation of EIF2B was confirmed with the onset of vanishing white matter disease reported as antenatal (seven), infantile (eight), early childhood (107), between infantile and early childhood (20), late childhood (25), between early and late childhood (three), adult (68), and between late childhood and adult (21). CONCLUSIONS Various movement disorders have been described with vanishing white matter disease either at presentation (mimicking an opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome) or in adulthood (dystonia and myoclonus) with continuing survival. Relatively preserved cognition is a novel presentation and is reported in this article along with a comprehensive literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Klingelhoefer
- Department of Neurology, National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital and King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Tania Jawad
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Mellers
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jozef Jarosz
- Department of Neuroradiology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Weeks
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Neurology, National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital and King's College, London, United Kingdom
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