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McCabe P, Beiting M, Hitchcock ER, Maas E, Meredith A, Morgan AT, Potter NL, Preston JL, Moorer L, Aggarwal P, Ballard K, Smith LB, Caballero NF, Cabbage K, Case J, Caspari S, Chenausky KV, Cook S, Grzelak E, Gomez M, Hagopian A, Highman C, Hodits A, Iuzzini-Seigel J, LeVos-Carlson J, Lewis BA, Mayro P, Mehta J, Miller G, Mory KD, Murray E, Overby MS, Pasquel-Lefebvre L, Peavy D, Raaz CV, Rea B, Ford DS, Smith L, Swartz MT, Taberski M, Terband H, Thomas DC, Valentine H, Tellingen MV, Velleman S, Wang E, White S, Wong ECH, Grigos MI. Research Priorities for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Long View. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39173052 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Special Issue: Selected Papers From the 2022 Apraxia Kids Research Symposium. The field of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) has developed significantly in the past 15 years, with key improvements in understanding of basic biology including genetics, neuroscience, and computational modelling; development of diagnostic tools and methods; diversity of evidence-based interventions with increasingly rigorous experimental designs; and understanding of impacts beyond impairment-level measures. Papers in this special issue not only review and synthesize the some of the substantial progress to date but also present novel findings addressing critical research gaps and adding to the overall body of knowledge. A second aim of this prologue is to report the current research needs in CAS, which arose from symposium discussions involving researchers, clinicians, and Apraxia Kids community members (including parents of children with CAS). Four primary areas of need emerged from discussions at the symposium. These were: (a) What questions should we ask? (b) Who should be in the research? (c) How do we conduct the research? and (d) How do we move from research to practice? Across themes, symposium attendees emphasized the need for CAS research to better account for the diversity of people with CAS and improve the timeliness of implementation of high-level evidence-based practice across the lifespan. It is our goal that the articles and prologue discussion in this special issue provide an appreciation of advancements in CAS research and an updated view of the most pressing needs for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia McCabe
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Molly Beiting
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
| | | | | | | | - Angela T Morgan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan L Preston
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
| | | | | | - Kirrie Ballard
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nicole F Caballero
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ewa Grzelak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Maryane Gomez
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Chantelle Highman
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaPortland, OR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Murray
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Remarkable Speech + Movement, Padstow, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan S Overby
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Remarkable Speech + Movement, Padstow, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Derrick Peavy
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
- Apraxia Kids, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Brooke Rea
- Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lynn Smith
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Hayo Terband
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Donna C Thomas
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Shelley Velleman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | | | | | - Eddy C H Wong
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom
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Donadio DMDO, Simões-Zenari M, Santos THF, Sanchez MG, Molini-Avejonas DR, Cardilli-Dias D. Use of the Prompts for Reestructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets (PROMPT) in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a case study. Codas 2023; 36:e20220299. [PMID: 38126591 PMCID: PMC10750890 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022299pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is classified by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a neurodevelopmental disorder, whose characteristics are mainly deficits in social communication and a restricted range of interests. There are several studies about autism, speech, and language in the literature, but few correlate speech and autism. This study aims to carry out a case study that will address autism, speech, and PROMPT (Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets) and also to describe the speech improvement in the participant with autism using the method. The target words were defined for the entire intervention according to the System Analysis Observation (SAO) and Motor Speech Hierarchy (MSH), which are parts of the PROMPT evaluation. After the evaluation, the participant was attended for 16 sessions, once weekly, with the objective of improving their speech. After analyzing the data, it was possible to observe improvement in all aspects outlined according to the pre-treatment evaluation of the method such as phonatory control, mandibular control, lip-facial control and lingual control as well as in the sequenced movement although this was not the aim outlined in the evaluation. It was also possible to measure the improvement of an adequate number of words, an adequate number of phonemes, percentages of correct consonants - revised (PCC-R), and intelligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Simões-Zenari
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
| | - Thaís Helena Ferreira Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Fonoaudiológica de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
| | | | | | - Daniela Cardilli-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
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Spencer C, Vannest J, Preston JL, Maas E, Sizemore ER, McAllister T, Whalen DH, Maloney T, Boyce S. Neural Changes in Children With Residual Speech Sound Disorder After Ultrasound Biofeedback Speech Therapy. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3223-3241. [PMID: 37524116 PMCID: PMC10558148 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with residual speech sound disorders (RSSD) have shown differences in neural function for speech production, as compared to their typical peers; however, information about how these differences may change over time and relative to speech therapy is needed. To address this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine functional activation and connectivity on adaptations of the syllable repetition task (SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds) in children with RSSD before and after a speech therapy program. METHOD Sixteen children with RSSD completed an fMRI experiment before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) a speech therapy program with ultrasound visual feedback for /ɹ/ misarticulation. Progress in therapy was measured via perceptual ratings of productions of untreated /ɹ/ word probes. To control for practice effects and developmental change in patterns of activation and connectivity, 17 children with typical speech development (TD) completed the fMRI at Time 1 and Time 2. Functional activation was analyzed using a region-of-interest approach and functional connectivity was analyzed using a seed-to-voxel approach. RESULTS Children with RSSD showed a range of responses to therapy. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we did not observe any statistically significant cross-sectional differences or longitudinal changes in functional activation. A negative relationship between therapy effect size and functional activation in the left visual association cortex was on the SRT-Late Sounds after therapy, but it did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Significant longitudinal changes in functional connectivity were observed for the RSSD group on SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds, as well as for the TD group on the SRT-Early Sounds. RSSD and TD groups showed connectivity differences near the left insula on the SRT-Late Sounds at Time 2. CONCLUSION RSSD and treatment with ultrasound visual feedback may thus be associated with neural differences in speech motor and visual association processes recruited for speech production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Spencer
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan L. Preston
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
| | - Edwin Maas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin Redle Sizemore
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Mt. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tara McAllister
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, NY
| | - D. H. Whalen
- Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, City University of New York, NY
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Suzanne Boyce
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
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Savarimuthu A, Ponniah RJ. A Slip Between the Brain and the Lip: Working Memory and Cognitive-Communication Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2023; 52:1237-1248. [PMID: 37022624 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-023-09946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between working memory and speech has been a topic of intense research interest and investigation for many years. Memory studies have found that the active processing of working memory is required for language comprehension and speech production. Though there are studies that discuss the capacity of working memory, the processing of verbal stimuli into verbal memory remains unclear. Therefore, it is essential to understand the functioning of the working memory and how it processes verbal information. As working memory is intricately linked with communication, any deficits in working memory could cause communication disorders. Also, the disruption in the storage and retrieval of verbal memory could cause a disturbance in the speech pattern. To this point, this review elaborates on the active processing of working memory and its role in communication. Further, by studying the deficits in working memory that could cause cognitive-communication disorders such as apraxia of speech, dementia, and dysarthria, this article highlights the importance of verbal memory in speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Savarimuthu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - R Joseph Ponniah
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India.
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Relationship among Connectivity of the Frontal Aslant Tract, Executive Functions, and Speech and Language Impairment in Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010078. [PMID: 36672059 PMCID: PMC9856897 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a subtype of motor speech disorder usually co-occurring with language impairment. A supramodal processing difficulty, involving executive functions (EFs), might contribute to the cognitive endophenotypes and behavioral manifestations. The present study aimed to profile the EFs in CAS, investigating the relationship between EFs, speech and language severity, and the connectivity of the frontal aslant tract (FAT), a white matter tract involved in both speech and EFs. A total of 30 preschool children with CAS underwent speech, language, and EF assessments and brain MRIs. Their FAT connectivity metrics were compared to those of 30 children without other neurodevelopmental disorders (NoNDs), who also underwent brain MRIs. Alterations in some basic EF components were found. Inhibition and working memory correlated with speech and language severity. Compared to NoND children, a weak, significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left presupplementary motor area (preSMA) FAT component was found. Only speech severity correlated and predicted FA values along with the FAT in both of its components, and visual-spatial working memory moderated the relationship between speech severity and FA in the left SMA. Our study supports the conceptualization of a composite and complex picture of CAS, not limited to the speech core deficit, but also involving high-order cognitive skills.
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