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Krag M, Marker S, Perner A, Wetterslev J, Wise MP, Schefold JC, Keus F, Guttormsen AB, Bendel S, Borthwick M, Lange T, Rasmussen BS, Siegemund M, Bundgaard H, Elkmann T, Jensen JV, Nielsen RD, Liboriussen L, Bestle MH, Elkjær JM, Palmqvist DF, Bäcklund M, Laake JH, Bådstøløkken PM, Grönlund J, Breum O, Walli A, Winding R, Iversen S, Jarnvig IL, White JO, Brand B, Madsen MB, Quist L, Thornberg KJ, Møller A, Wiis J, Granholm A, Anthon CT, Meyhoff TS, Hjortrup PB, Aagaard SR, Andreasen JB, Sørensen CA, Haure P, Hauge J, Hollinger A, Scheuzger J, Tuchscherer D, Vuilliomenet T, Takala J, Jakob SM, Vang ML, Pælestik KB, Andersen KLD, van der Horst ICC, Dieperink W, Fjølner J, Kjer CKW, Sølling C, Sølling CG, Karttunen J, Morgan MPG, Sjøbø B, Engstrøm J, Agerholm-Larsen B, Møller MH. Pantoprazole in Patients at Risk for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:2199-2208. [PMID: 30354950 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1714919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylaxis for gastrointestinal stress ulceration is frequently given to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its risks and benefits are unclear. METHODS In this European, multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned adults who had been admitted to the ICU for an acute condition (i.e., an unplanned admission) and who were at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding to receive 40 mg of intravenous pantoprazole (a proton-pump inhibitor) or placebo daily during the ICU stay. The primary outcome was death by 90 days after randomization. RESULTS A total of 3298 patients were enrolled; 1645 were randomly assigned to the pantoprazole group and 1653 to the placebo group. Data on the primary outcome were available for 3282 patients (99.5%). At 90 days, 510 patients (31.1%) in the pantoprazole group and 499 (30.4%) in the placebo group had died (relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.13; P=0.76). During the ICU stay, at least one clinically important event (a composite of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection, or myocardial ischemia) had occurred in 21.9% of patients assigned to pantoprazole and 22.6% of those assigned to placebo (relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.11). In the pantoprazole group, 2.5% of patients had clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding, as compared with 4.2% in the placebo group. The number of patients with infections or serious adverse reactions and the percentage of days alive without life support within 90 days were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among adult patients in the ICU who were at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, mortality at 90 days and the number of clinically important events were similar in those assigned to pantoprazole and those assigned to placebo. (Funded by Innovation Fund Denmark and others; SUP-ICU ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02467621 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Krag
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Søren Marker
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Anders Perner
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jørn Wetterslev
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Matt P Wise
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Frederik Keus
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Anne B Guttormsen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Stepani Bendel
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Mark Borthwick
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Theis Lange
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Bodil S Rasmussen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Martin Siegemund
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Helle Bundgaard
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Thomas Elkmann
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jacob V Jensen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Rune D Nielsen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Lisbeth Liboriussen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Morten H Bestle
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jeanie M Elkjær
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Dorte F Palmqvist
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Minna Bäcklund
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jon H Laake
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Per M Bådstøløkken
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Juha Grönlund
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Olena Breum
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Akil Walli
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Robert Winding
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Susanne Iversen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Inge-Lise Jarnvig
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jonathan O White
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Björn Brand
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Martin B Madsen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Lars Quist
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Klaus J Thornberg
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Anders Møller
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jørgen Wiis
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Anders Granholm
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Carl T Anthon
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Tine S Meyhoff
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Peter B Hjortrup
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Søren R Aagaard
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jo B Andreasen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Christina A Sørensen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Pernille Haure
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jacob Hauge
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Alexa Hollinger
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jonas Scheuzger
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Daniel Tuchscherer
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Thierry Vuilliomenet
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jukka Takala
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Stephan M Jakob
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Marianne L Vang
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Kim B Pælestik
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Karen L D Andersen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Iwan C C van der Horst
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Willem Dieperink
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Jesper Fjølner
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Cilia K W Kjer
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Christine Sølling
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Christoffer G Sølling
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Johanna Karttunen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Matt P G Morgan
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Brit Sjøbø
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Janus Engstrøm
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Birgit Agerholm-Larsen
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
| | - Morten H Møller
- From the Department of Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., I.-L.J., J.O.W., B.B., M.B.M., L.Q., K.J.T., A.M., J. Wiis, A.G., C.T.A., T.S.M, P.B.H., M.H.M.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, J.E.), and the Department of Neurointensive Care (R.D.N, C.S.), Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (D.F.P.), and the Section of Biostatistics (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Center for Research in Intensive Care (M.K., S.M., A.P., J. Wetterslev, B.S.R., T.L., B.A.-L., M.H.M.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (B.S.R., S.R.A., J.B.A., C.A.S., P.H., J. Hauge), Randers Hospital, Randers (H.B., M.L.V., K.B.P., K.L.D.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade (T.E., J.F.), and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (O.B.) - both in Aarhus, Zealand University Hospital, Køge (J.V.J., C.K.W.K.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (L.L., C.G.S.), Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød (M.H.B.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.M.E.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (A.W.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.I.) - all in Denmark; the Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing (T.L.); University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M.), and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (M. Borthwick) - both in the United Kingdom; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S., J.T., S.M.J.), and Basel University Hospital, Basel (M.S., A.H., J.S., D.T., T.V.) - both in Switzerland; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., I.C.C.H., W.D.); Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen (A.B.G., B.S.), and Oslo University Hospital (J.H.L.) and Akershus University Hospital (P.M.B.), Oslo - all in Norway; and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio (S.B., J.K.), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M. Bäcklund), and Turku University Hospital, Turku (J.G.) - all in Finland
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