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Matsuura T, Komatsu K, Suzumura T, Stavrou S, Juanatas ML, Park W, Ogawa T. Enhanced functionality and migration of human gingival fibroblasts on vacuum ultraviolet light-treated titanium: An implication for mitigating cellular stress to improve peri-implant cellular reaction. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_24_00071. [PMID: 39198200 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_24_00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The maintenance of peri-implant health relies significantly on the integrity of the peri-implant seal, particularly vulnerable at the interface between implant abutment and soft tissue. Early healing stages around implants involve cellular exposure to oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate whether vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-treated titanium augments the growth and functionality of human gingival fibroblasts while mitigating cellular stress. METHODS Machined titanium plates underwent treatment with 172 nm VUV light for one minute, with untreated plates as controls. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on treated and untreated plates, and their behavior, growth, and functionality were assessed. Functionally impaired fibroblasts, treated with hydrogen peroxide, were also cultured on these titanium plates, and plate-to-plate transmigration ability was evaluated. RESULTS Fibroblasts on VUV-treated titanium exhibited a 50% reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species production compared to controls. Additionally, glutathione, an antioxidant, remained undepleted in cells on VUV-treated titanium. Furthermore, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 decreased by 40-60% on VUV-treated titanium. Consequently, fibroblast attachment and proliferation doubled on VUV-treated titanium compared to those in the controls, leading to enhanced cell retention. Plate-to-plate transmigration assays demonstrated that fibroblasts migrated twice as far on VUV-treated surfaces compared to those in the controls. In particular, the transmigration ability, impaired in functionally impaired fibroblasts on the controls, was preserved on VUV-treated titanium. CONCLUSIONS VUV-treated titanium promotes the growth, function, and migration of human gingival fibroblasts by reducing cellular stress and enhancing antioxidative capacity. Notably, the transmigration ability significantly improved on VUV-treated titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Graduated School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Toshikatsu Suzumura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Stella Stavrou
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mary Lou Juanatas
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wonhee Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
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Park G, Matsuura T, Komatsu K, Ogawa T. Optimizing implant osseointegration, soft tissue responses, and bacterial inhibition: A comprehensive narrative review on the multifaceted approach of the UV photofunctionalization of titanium. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_24_00086. [PMID: 38853001 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_24_00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Titanium implants have revolutionized restorative and reconstructive therapy, yet achieving optimal osseointegration and ensuring long-term implant success remain persistent challenges. In this review, we explore a cutting-edge approach to enhancing implant properties: ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization. By harnessing UV energy, photofunctionalization rejuvenates aging implants, leveraging and often surpassing the intrinsic potential of titanium materials. The primary aim of this narrative review is to offer an updated perspective on the advancements made in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of recent findings and exploring the relationship between UV-induced physicochemical alterations and cellular responses. There is now compelling evidence of significant transformations in titanium surface chemistry induced by photofunctionalization, transitioning from hydrocarbon-rich to carbon pellicle-free surfaces, generating superhydrophilic surfaces, and modulating the electrostatic properties. These changes are closely associated with improved cellular attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and, ultimately, osseointegration. Additionally, we discuss clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of UV photofunctionalization in accelerating and enhancing the osseointegration of dental implants. Furthermore, we delve into recent advancements, including the development of one-minute vacuum UV (VUV) photofunctionalization, which addresses the limitations of conventional UV methods as well as the newly discovered functions of photofunctionalization in modulating soft tissue and bacterial interfaces. By elucidating the intricate relationship between surface science and biology, this body of research lays the groundwork for innovative strategies aimed at enhancing the clinical performance of titanium implants, marking a new era in implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunwoo Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
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Yusa K, Ishikawa S, Suzuki N, Kunii S, Okuyama N, Hemmi T, Iino M. Clinical evaluation of bone quality of particulate cancellous bone and marrow, and implant prosthetic rehabilitation. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101862. [PMID: 38561138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to subjectively evaluate bone quality in the particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM) graft area and to assess the survival rates of implants. A retrospective review was conducted based on patient age, sex, diagnosis, reconstructed site, number of implants, prosthetic type, and duration of follow-up. Images from computed tomography (CT) before implant insertion were obtained and used in this study. We selected a 4.0-mm diameter × 8.0-mm length region of interest in the implant placement area, and measured the CT attenuation value. No significant correlations were seen between CT attenuation values and implant survival rates in the maxilla and mandible. On the other hand, CT attenuation values and implant survival rates were significantly lower in patients with malignancy than in non-malignant cases. Placing implants in PCBM grafted bone requires a full understanding of bone quality before surgery and drilling to ensure primary stability, along with consideration of soft tissue management and maintenance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Yusa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nagiko Suzuki
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kunii
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Okitama Public General Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naoki Okuyama
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Hemmi
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Uesugi T, Shimoo Y, Munakata M, Kataoka Y, Sato D, Yamaguchi K, Sanda M, Fujimaki M, Nakayama K, Watanabe T, Malo P. A Study of the Associated Risk Factors for Early Failure and the Effect of Photofunctionalisation in Full-Arch Immediate Loading Treatment Based on the All-on-Four Concept. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:223. [PMID: 38534497 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early implant failure occurring within 1 year after implantation has been attributed to various factors. Particularly, early failure can lead to challenges in maintaining a full-arch prosthetic device, necessitating prompt intervention, including reoperation. This study aimed to retrospectively examine implant- and patient-related factors and the effects of photofunctionalisation associated with early failure in patients who underwent treatment using the all-on-four concept in both the maxilla and mandible. We conducted this retrospective study comprising 561 patients with 2364 implants who underwent implant-supported immediate loading with fixed full-arch rehabilitation using the all-on-four concept. We aimed to assess the survival rate within 1 year after implantation and determine the risk factors influencing early failure. The 1-year survival rates after implantation were 97.1% (patient level) and 98.9% (implant level) for the maxilla and 98.5% (patient level) and 99.6% (implant level) for the mandible. There was a significant difference in the implant-level survival rates between the maxilla and mandible, with a lower rate in the maxilla (p = 0.043). The risk factors associated with early implant failure according to the all-on-four concept included the maxilla (implant level) and smoking (patient level). We could not find a significant effect of photofunctionalisation on early failure (p = 0.25) following this treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uesugi
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shimoo
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Motohiro Munakata
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Yu Kataoka
- Department of Oral Biomaterials and Technology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Kikue Yamaguchi
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Minoru Sanda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | | | | | - Tae Watanabe
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
| | - Paulo Malo
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
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Song MG, Roy PK, Jeon EB, Kim SH, Heu MS, Lee JS, Choi JS, Kim JS, Park SY. Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma against Listeria monocytogenes Mixed-Culture Biofilms on Food-Contact Surfaces. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030609. [PMID: 36978476 PMCID: PMC10045436 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen. Various methods can be used to control biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens. Recently, the food industry has become interested in plasma, which can be used as a non-thermal technology with minimum changes to product quality. In this study, the effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on L. monocytogenes mixed-culture biofilms formed on stainless steel (SS), latex hand glove (HG), and silicone rubber (SR) were investigated. DBD plasma effectuated reductions of 0.11-1.14, 0.28-1.27 and 0.37-1.55 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrated that DBD plasma cuts off intercellular contact and induces cell decomposition to prevent the development of biological membranes. It was confirmed that the formed biofilms collapsed and separated into individual bacteria. Our findings suggest that DBD plasma can be used as an alternative non-heating sterilization technology in the food industry to reduce biofilm formation on bacterial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gyu Song
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Heu
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Seafood, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Seafood, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Seafood, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
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Kitajima H, Hirota M, Komatsu K, Isono H, Matsuura T, Mitsudo K, Ogawa T. Ultraviolet Light Treatment of Titanium Microfiber Scaffolds Enhances Osteoblast Recruitment and Osteoconductivity in a Vertical Bone Augmentation Model: 3D UV Photofunctionalization. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010019. [PMID: 36611812 PMCID: PMC9818481 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical bone augmentation to create host bone prior to implant placement is one of the most challenging regenerative procedures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of a UV-photofunctionalized titanium microfiber scaffold to recruit osteoblasts, generate intra-scaffold bone, and integrate with host bone in a vertical augmentation model with unidirectional, limited blood supply. Scaffolds were fabricated by molding and sintering grade 1 commercially pure titanium microfibers (20 μm diameter) and treated with UVC light (200-280 nm wavelength) emitted from a low-pressure mercury lamp for 20 min immediately before experiments. The scaffolds had an even and dense fiber network with 87% porosity and 20-50 mm inter-fiber distance. Surface carbon reduced from 30% on untreated scaffold to 10% after UV treatment, which corresponded to hydro-repellent to superhydrophilic conversion. Vertical infiltration testing revealed that UV-treated scaffolds absorbed 4-, 14-, and 15-times more blood, water, and glycerol than untreated scaffolds, respectively. In vitro, four-times more osteoblasts attached to UV-treated scaffolds than untreated scaffolds three hours after seeding. On day 2, there were 70% more osteoblasts on UV-treated scaffolds. Fluorescent microscopy visualized confluent osteoblasts on UV-treated microfibers two days after seeding but sparse and separated cells on untreated microfibers. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin gene expression were significantly greater in osteoblasts grown on UV-treated microfiber scaffolds. In an in vivo model of vertical augmentation on rat femoral cortical bone, the interfacial strength between innate cortical bone and UV-treated microfiber scaffold after two weeks of healing was double that observed between bone and untreated scaffold. Morphological and chemical analysis confirmed seamless integration of the innate cortical and regenerated bone within microfiber networks for UV-treated scaffolds. These results indicate synergy between titanium microfiber scaffolds and UV photofunctionalization to provide a novel and effective strategy for vertical bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitajima
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-45-785-8438
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Hitoshi Isono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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Chang LC. Clinical Applications of Photofunctionalization on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195823. [PMID: 36233693 PMCID: PMC9571244 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implant therapy is a common clinical procedure for the restoration of missing teeth. Many methods have been used to promote osseointegration for successful implant therapy, including photofunctionalization (PhF), which is defined as the modification of titanium surfaces after ultraviolet treatment. It includes the alteration of the physicochemical properties and the enhancement of biological capabilities, which can alter the surface wettability and eliminate hydrocarbons from the implant surface by a biological aging process. PhF can also enhance cellular migration, attachment, and proliferation, thereby promoting osseointegration and coronal soft tissue seal. However, PhF did not overcome the dental implant challenge of oral cancer cases. It is necessary to have more clinical trials focused on complex implant cases and non-dental fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- Institute of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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Abdullatif FA, Al-Askar M. Does Ultraviolet Radiation Exhibit Antimicrobial Effect against Oral Pathogens Attached on Various Dental Implant Surfaces? A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10060093. [PMID: 35735635 PMCID: PMC9221630 DOI: 10.3390/dj10060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the most common complications that leads to the loss and failure of dental implantation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been proposed to enhance bone integration and reduce bacterial attachment. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence regarding the antimicrobial effect of UV on different dental implant surfaces. Methods: Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, VHL, and Cochran Library were searched to retrieve relevant articles. All original reports that examined the effect of the application of UV radiation on dental implants were included in our study. Results: A total of 16 in vitro studies were included in this systematic review. Polymethyl methacrylate UV radiation has induced a significant decrease in bacterial survival in PMMA materials, with an increased effect by modification with 2.5% and 5% TiO2 nanotubes. UV-C showed a superior effect to UV-A in reducing bacterial attachment and accumulation. UV wavelength of 265 and 285 nm showed powerful bactericidal effects. UV of 365 nm for 24 h had the highest inhibition of bacterial growth in ZnO coated magnesium alloys. In UV-irradiated commercially pure titanium surfaces treated with plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application, heat or alkali had shown significant higher bactericidal effect vs non-irradiated treated surfaces than the treatment with any of them alone. UVC and gamma-ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface, compared to the dry heat. Conclusion: UV radiation on Ti surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial effects demonstrated through the reduction in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with suppression of bacterial cells growth. Combination of UV and treated surfaces with alkali, plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application or heat enhance the overall photocatalytic antimicrobial effect.
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Zheng TX, Li W, Gu YY, Zhao D, Qi MC. Classification and research progress of implant surface antimicrobial techniques. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1-7. [PMID: 35028014 PMCID: PMC8739780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the good biocompatibility and ideal mechanical property, titanium implants have been widely used in dental clinic and orthopedic surgery. However, bacteria induced infection can cause per-implant inflammation and decrease the success rate of implant surgery. Therefore, developing antimicrobial techniques is essential to successful application of titanium implants. Many surface antimicrobial techniques, including antimicrobial coating and surface modifications, have been explored and they always exert antimicrobial effect by reducing bacterial adhesion, inhibiting their metabolism, or destructing cell structure. In this paper, different surface antimicrobial techniques and their recent research progress are reviewed to provide a brief insight on this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Meng-Chun Qi
- Corresponding author. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, District of Caofeidian, Tangshan City, 063200, Hebei Province, PR China.
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Dhaliwal JS, Abd Rahman NA, Ming LC, Dhaliwal SKS, Knights J, Albuquerque Junior RF. Microbial Biofilm Decontamination on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Mini Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:736186. [PMID: 34692562 PMCID: PMC8531646 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.736186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction After insertion into the bone, implants osseointegrate, which is required for their long-term success. However, inflammation and infection around the implants may lead to implant failure leading to peri-implantitis and loss of supporting bone, which may eventually lead to failure of implant. Surface chemistry of the implant and lack of cleanliness on the part of the patient are related to peri-implantitis. The only way to get rid of this infection is decontamination of dental implants. Objective This systematic review intended to study decontamination of microbial biofilm methods on titanium implant surfaces used in dentistry. Methods The electronic databases Springer Link, Science Direct, and PubMed were explored from their inception until December 2020 to identify relevant studies. Studies included had to evaluate the efficiency of new strategies either to prevent formation of biofilm or to treat matured biofilm on dental implant surfaces. Results and Discussion In this systematic review, 17 different groups of decontamination methods were summarized from 116 studies. The decontamination methods included coating materials, mechanical cleaning, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, air polishing, anodizing treatment, radiation, sonication, thermal treatment, ultrasound treatment, chemical treatment, electrochemical treatment, antimicrobial drugs, argon treatment, and probiotics. Conclusion The findings suggest that most of the decontamination methods were effective in preventing the formation of biofilm and in decontaminating established biofilm on dental implants. This narrative review provides a summary of methods for future research in the development of new dental implants and decontamination techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Nurul Adhwa Abd Rahman
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Sachinjeet Kaur Sodhi Dhaliwal
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Joe Knights
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
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Shokeen B, Zamani L, Zadmehr S, Pouraghaie S, Ozawa R, Yilmaz B, Lilak S, Sharma S, Ogawa T, Moshaverinia A, Lux R. Surface Characterization and Assessment of Biofilm Formation on Two Titanium-Based Implant Coating Materials. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.695417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Implant-related oral diseases such as peri-implantitis and peri-mucositis are largely initiated by bacterial colonization on artificial implant surfaces. Therefore, implant and abutment material characteristics that minimize bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation are important factors in reducing the risk of infection-related implant failure. This study compares the properties of two different titanium-based implant coating materials, titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbon nitride (TiCN). Surface hydrophilicity/ hydrophobicity and roughness were evaluated via contact angle measurements and surface profiling with white light interferometry, respectively. TiN-coated surfaces were hydrophobic according to its contact angle higher than 72.7°, whereas TiCN-coated surfaces were hydrophilic with its contact angle of 53.6°. The average roughness (Ra) was greater for TiCN than TiN with the root mean square roughness (Rq) being significantly higher. These findings are in contrast to the common understanding for titanium-based materials that surface roughness and hydrophobicity are positively correlated. A well-established saliva-based oral microbial biofilm model was employed to compare bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on TiN and TiCN. Growth conditions included relevant host components such as blood as well as the presence or absence of dietary carbohydrates. The accumulated biomass was measured by crystal violet staining and the bacterial community profiles of the attached biofilms were determined via 16S rRNA gene microbiome sequencing at different time points over a 7-day period. At all time points, TiCN showed significantly less bacterial attachment and biofilm formation compared to TiN. This implied the importance of the hydrophilic state over surface roughness as parameter for the prevention of oral microbial attachment. Although, the biofilm community composition was very similar on both materials, environmental growth conditions resulted in significantly different bacterial profiles independent of the surface. In conclusion, TiCN coating produced a unique titanium surface which is rougher but more hydrophilic. TiCN-coated surfaces exhibited reduced bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in comparison to TiN coating. This coating technique can be further explored to improve implant and abutment success.
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Nakhaei K, Ishijima M, Ikeda T, Ghassemi A, Saruta J, Ogawa T. Ultraviolet Light Treatment of Titanium Enhances Attachment, Adhesion, and Retention of Human Oral Epithelial Cells via Decarbonization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 14:E151. [PMID: 33396339 PMCID: PMC7796045 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Early establishment of soft-tissue adhesion and seal at the transmucosal and transcutaneous surface of implants is crucial to prevent infection and ensure the long-term stability and function of implants. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that treatment of titanium with ultraviolet (UV) light would enhance its interaction with epithelial cells. X-ray spectroscopy showed that UV treatment significantly reduced the atomic percentage of surface carbon on titanium from 46.1% to 28.6%. Peak fitting analysis revealed that, among the known adventitious carbon contaminants, C-C and C=O groups were significantly reduced after UV treatment, while other groups were increased or unchanged in percentage. UV-treated titanium attracted higher numbers of human epithelial cells than untreated titanium and allowed more rapid cell spread. Hemi-desmosome-related molecules, integrin β4 and laminin-5, were upregulated at the gene and protein levels in the cells on UV-treated surfaces. The result of the detachment test revealed twice as many cells remaining adherent on UV-treated than untreated titanium. The enhanced cellular affinity of UV-treated titanium was equivalent to laminin-5 coating of titanium. These data indicated that UV treatment of titanium enhanced the attachment, adhesion, and retention of human epithelial cells associated with disproportional removal of adventitious carbon contamination, providing a new strategy to improve soft-tissue integration with implant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Nakhaei
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.N.); (M.I.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (T.O.)
| | - Manabu Ishijima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.N.); (M.I.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (T.O.)
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.N.); (M.I.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (T.O.)
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amirreza Ghassemi
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.N.); (M.I.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (T.O.)
- Section of Periodontics, Department of Applied Dental Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, 2800 College Ave, Alton, IL 62002, USA
| | - Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.N.); (M.I.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (T.O.)
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.N.); (M.I.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (T.O.)
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Decontamination of Ti Oxide Surfaces by Using Ultraviolet Light: Hg-Vapor vs. LED-Based Irradiation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110724. [PMID: 33105704 PMCID: PMC7690427 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-range Ultraviolet (UVC) mercury (Hg)-vapor lamps have shown the successful decontamination of hydrocarbons and antimicrobial effects from titanium surfaces. This study focused on surface chemistry modifications of titanium dental implants by using two different light sources, Hg-vapor lamps and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), so as to compare the effectivity of both photofunctionalization technologies. Two different devices, a small Hg-vapor lamp (λ = 254 nm) and a pair of closely placed LEDs (λ = 278 nm), were used to irradiate the implants for 12 min. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the chemical composition of the surfaces, analysing the samples before and after the lighting treatment, performing a wide and narrow scan around the energy peaks of carbon, oxygen and titanium. XPS analysis showed a reduction in the concentration of surface hydrocarbons in both UVC technologies from around 26 to 23.4 C at.% (carbon atomic concentration). Besides, simultaneously, an increase in concentration of oxygen and titanium was observed. LED-based UVC photofunctionalization has been suggested to be as effective a method as Hg-vapor lamps to remove the hydrocarbons from the surface of titanium dental implants. Therefore, due to the increase in worldwide mercury limitations, LED-based technology could be a good alternative decontamination source.
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Hirota M, Ozawa T, Iwai T, Mitsudo K, Ogawa T. UV-Mediated Photofunctionalization of Dental Implant: A Seven-Year Results of a Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092733. [PMID: 32847061 PMCID: PMC7565265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the seven-year results of photofunctionalized implants placed in regular, complex, and cancer-related cases. This study was a prospective, single-center study. Photofunctionalization was performed immediately prior to implantation with Ultraviolet (UV) light for 15 minutes. The success rate of each patient group and the influential factors on implant failure were analyzed. Seventy implants in 16 patients were included. Four implants were left submerged (sleep). The seven-year success rate of 30 implants in regular cases and 21 implants in complex cases was 100%. The success rate of 15 implants in cancer-related cases was 22.2%, in which implants were placed in resection or reconstructed sites with or without pre- or postoperative radiation history. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values increased at second-stage surgery by 3.2 in regular cases and by 21.9 in complex cases, while it decreased by −3.5 in cancer cases. Multivariate analysis indicated that bone quality, location, and cancer resection significantly influenced implant failure. A very reliable seven-year success rate was obtained by UV-photofunctionalized implants in regular and complex cases, even with significant site-development procedures. However, the success rate in cancer cases was significantly and remarkably lower, suggesting remaining challenges of pathophysiologically compromised conditions, such as bone resection, segmental defect, and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prothodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-261-5656
| | - Tomomichi Ozawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Toshinori Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prothodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA;
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Tominaga H, Matsuyama K, Morimoto Y, Yamamoto T, Komiya S, Ishidou Y. The effect of ultraviolet photofunctionalization of titanium instrumentation in lumbar fusion: a non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:292. [PMID: 31208382 PMCID: PMC6580482 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium instrumentations are widely used in orthopedics; the metal bonds with bone in a process called osseointegration. Over time, hydrocarbons adhere to the instrumentation, which weakens the bone-binding ability. Ultraviolet photofunctionalization enhances the bone-binding ability of instrumentation by reducing hydrocarbons. The process has been proven effective in dentistry, but its effects in orthopedics are unverified. We aimed to determine the effect of ultraviolet photofunctionalization of titanium instrumentation used in lumbar fusion. METHODS This was a non-randomized controlled trial. We prospectively enrolled 13 patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery. We inserted two pure titanium cages into each intervertebral space; one cage had undergone ultraviolet photofunctionalization, while the other was untreated. The degree of osteosclerosis around both cages was then compared by measuring the densities around the cages on imaging at 2, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively compared with 1 month postoperatively. The carbon attachment of the titanium cages was measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the degree of osteosclerosis (as assessed by the density) around the treated versus untreated cages at any timepoint. The ratio of carbon attachment of the titanium cages was only 20%, which was markedly less than the ratio of carbon attachment to titanium instrumentation previously reported in the dentistry field. CONCLUSIONS The effect of ultraviolet photofunctionalization of titanium instrumentation in spine surgery is questionable at present. The biological aging of the titanium may be affected by differences in the manufacturing process of orthopedics instrumentation versus dentistry instrumentation. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Identifier: UMIN000014103 ; retrospectively registered on June 1, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tominaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Kanehiro Matsuyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Morimoto
- USHIO INC, 1194, Sazuchi, Bessho-cho, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-0224, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Setsuro Komiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishidou
- Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
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Hirota M, Ikeda T, Sugita Y, Ishijima M, Hirota S, Ogawa T. Impaired osteoblastic behavior and function on saliva-contaminated titanium and its restoration by UV treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:165-177. [PMID: 30948050 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine behavior and function of osteoblasts on saliva-contaminated titanium and its potential improvement after UV light treatment. Acid-etched titanium disks were contaminated with human saliva. Osteoblasts derived from rat femur were cultured on contaminated and clean titanium disks. Contaminated disks further treated with UV light were also tested. The number of attached cells, the degree of cell spreading, and the expression of adhesion protein were significantly decreased on saliva-contaminated surfaces compared with clean surfaces. The gene expression of osteocalcin was also downregulated on contaminated surfaces, whereas ALP activity and mineralization were not significantly influenced. The impaired functions on contaminated surfaces were significantly increased if the surfaces were further treated with UV and even outperformed the ones on clean titanium surfaces. XPS analysis revealed that the atomic percentage of carbon and nitrogen detected on contaminated surfaces were substantially decreased after UV treatment. These results suggest that osteoblastic behavior and function were compromised on titanium surfaces contaminated with saliva. The compromised functions no longer happened if the surfaces were further treated with UV light, providing the basis to understand the effect of biological contamination on osseointegration and to explore UV treatment as a decontaminating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirota
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Manabu Ishijima
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Satoko Hirota
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
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Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO 2 Surfaces In Vivo. Int J Biomater 2019; 2018:7275617. [PMID: 30595694 PMCID: PMC6282137 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore early S. mutans biofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2 surfaces in vivo and to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development. Materials and Methods Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (UVHT). In vivo plaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects' molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted. Results The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more often S. mutans when compared to TiO2 surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively. Conclusion This in vivo study suggested that HT TiO2 surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachment in vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.
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18
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Pellegrini G, Francetti L, Barbaro B, del Fabbro M. Novel surfaces and osseointegration in implant dentistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12349. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Bruno Barbaro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Massimo del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
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19
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Elkhidir Y, Lai R, Feng Z. The impact of photofunctionalized gold nanoparticles on osseointegration. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00662. [PMID: 30094359 PMCID: PMC6077240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to create a new surface topography using simulated body fluids (SBF) and Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) and then to assess the influence of UV Photofunctionalization (PhF) on the osteogenic capacity of these surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium plates were divided into six groups All were acid etched with 67% Sulfuric acid, 4 were immersed in SBF and 2 of these were treated with 10 nm GNPs. Half of the TiO2 plates were photofunctionalized to be compared with the non-PhF ones. Rat's bone marrow stem cells were seeded into the plates and then CCK8 assay, cell viability assay, immunofluorescence, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were done after 24 hours. Gene expression analysis was done using real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) one week later to check for the mRNA expression of Collagen-1, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed after 2 weeks of cell seeding. RESULTS Our new topography has shown remarkable osteogenic potential. The new surface was the most biocompatible, and the 10 nm GNPs did not show any cytotoxicity. There was a significant increase in bioactivity, enhanced gene expressions and ALP activity. CONCLUSIONS GNPs enhances osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and Photofunctionalizing GNPs highly increases this. We have further created a novel highly efficient topography which highly enhances the speed and extent of osseointegration. This may have great potential for improving treatment outcomes for implant, maxillofacial as well as orthopedic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Implant Department – Suihua, The First Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jinan University, PR China
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20
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Areid N, Peltola A, Kangasniemi I, Ballo A, Närhi TO. Effect of ultraviolet light treatment on surface hydrophilicity and human gingival fibroblast response on nanostructured titanium surfaces. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:78-85. [PMID: 29955391 PMCID: PMC6010723 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of nanostructured TiO2 coatings on human gingival fibroblast and to explore the influence of ultraviolet (UV) light on surface wettability and cellular response. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 96) were divided into three groups: a sol-gel-derived MetAlive™ (MA) coating; hydrothermal (HT) coating; and a non-coated (NC) group. Forty-eight titanium substrates were further treated with UV light for 15 min. The water contact angles of the substrates were measured using the sessile drop method. Human gingival fibroblasts were used to evaluate the cell adhesion strength and cell proliferation on experimental surfaces. The strength of cell adhesion against enzymatic detachment was studied after 6 hr of adhesion using gentle trypsinization for 15 min at room temperature. A fluorescence microscope was used for cell imaging (Zeiss-stereo-lumar-v12), and images were analyzed for cell counting, and the percentage of detached cells were calculated. The proliferation of cultured cells up to 10 days was determined according to the cell activity using Alamar Blue™assay. The HT group had the lowest contact angle value (31.1°) followed by MetAlive™ (35.3°), whereas the NC group had the highest contact angle (50.3°). After UV light treatment, all surfaces become considerably more hydrophilic. There was a significant difference in the amount of adherent cells between sol-gel and HT groups when compared with the NC group (p < .05) with detachment percentages of 35.8%, 36.4%, and 70.7%, respectively. All substrate types showed an increase in cell proliferation rate until 10 days. It can be concluded that nanostructured titanium oxide implant surfaces, obtained by sol-gel and HT coating methods, enhance the surface wettability and improve human gingival fibroblast function in terms of adhesion and proliferation rate when compared with non-coated surfaces. UV light treatment clearly enhances the wettability of all titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatognathic PhysiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ari Peltola
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Ahmed Ballo
- Division of Prosthodontics and Dental Geriatrics, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaBCCanada
| | - Timo O. Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatognathic PhysiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseaseTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Kuroiwa A, Nomura Y, Ochiai T, Sudo T, Nomoto R, Hayakawa T, Kanzaki H, Nakamura Y, Hanada N. Antibacterial, Hydrophilic Effect and Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Resin Coated with UV-Responsive Photocatalyst. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11060889. [PMID: 29799473 PMCID: PMC6025295 DOI: 10.3390/ma11060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysts have multiple applications in air purifiers, paints, and self-cleaning coatings for medical devices such as catheters, as well as in the elimination of xenobiotics. In this study, a coating of a UV-responsive photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO₂), was applied to an orthodontic resin. The antibacterial activity on oral bacteria as well as hydrophilic properties and mechanical properties of the TiO₂-coated resin were investigated. ultraviolet A (UVA) (352 nm) light was used as the light source. Antibacterial activity was examined with or without irradiation. Measurements of early colonizers and cariogenic bacterial count, i.e., colony forming units (CFU), were performed after irradiation for different time durations. Hydrophilic properties were evaluated by water contact angle measurements. While, for the assessment of mechanical properties, flexural strength was measured by the three-point bending test. In the coat(+)light(+) samples the CFU were markedly decreased compared to the control samples. Water contact angle of the coat(+)light(+) samples was decreased after irradiation. The flexural strength of the specimen irradiated for long time showed a higher value than the required standard value, indicating that the effect of irradiation was weak. We suggest that coating with the ultraviolet responsive photocatalyst TiO₂ is useful for the development of orthodontic resin with antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kuroiwa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nomura
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Ochiai
- Photocatalyst Group, Research and Development Department, Local Independent Administrative Agency Kanagawa Institute of industrial Science and TEChnology (KISTEC), 407 East Wing, Innovation Center Building, KSP, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan.
- Materials Analysis Group, Kawasaki Technical Support Department, KISTEC, Ground Floor East Wing, Innovation Center Building, KSP, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan.
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Sudo
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Rie Nomoto
- Department of Dental Engineering, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Tohru Hayakawa
- Department of Dental Engineering, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
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Areid N, Kangasniemi I, Söderling E, Närhi TO. Ultraviolet photofunctionalization of nanostructured titanium surfaces enhances thrombogenicity and platelet response. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:56. [PMID: 29728865 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate blood and platelet response to nanostructured TiO2 coatings and to investigate the effect of Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment on blood clotting ability, platelet activation and protein adhesion. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates (n = 138) were divided into three groups; a sol-gel derived MetAliveTM coating (MA); hydrothermal coating (HT); and a non-coated group (NC). Sixty nine titanium substrates were further treated with UV light for 1 h. The thrombogenicity of the titanium substrates was assessed using fresh human blood with a whole blood kinetic clotting time method. The platelet adhesion test was conducted to evaluate the morphology and adhesion behavior of the platelets on the titanium substrates. Human diluted plasma and bovine fibronectin were used to evaluate protein adsorption. Total clotting time for the UV treated HT, MA and NC titanium substrates was almost 40 min compared to 60 min for non-UV substrates, the total clotting time for the UV treated groups were significantly lower than that of the non UV NC group (p < 0.05). UV light treatment had significantly enhanced coagulation rates. The HT and MA substrates presented more platelet aggregation, spreading and pseudopod formation in comparison with the NC substrates. UV treatment did not affect the platelet activation and protein adsorption. This in vitro study concluded that nanostructured titanium dioxide implant surfaces obtained by sol-gel and hydrothermal coating methods increased coagulation rates and enhanced platelet response when compared with non-coated surfaces. UV light treatment clearly improved thrombogenicity of all examined Ti-6Al-4V surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Kangasniemi
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva Söderling
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo O Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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23
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Pokrowiecki R, Mielczarek A, Zaręba T, Tyski S. Oral microbiome and peri-implant diseases: where are we now? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:1529-1542. [PMID: 29238198 PMCID: PMC5716316 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s139795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant infective diseases (PIIDs) in oral implantology are commonly known as peri-implant mucositis (PIM) and periimplantitis (PI). While PIM is restricted to the peri-implant mucosa and is reversible, PI also affects implant-supporting bone and, therefore, is very difficult to eradicate. PIIDs in clinical outcome may resemble gingivitis and periodontitis, as they share similar risk factors. However, recent study in the field of proteomics and other molecular studies indicate that PIIDs exhibit significant differences when compared to periodontal diseases. This review aims to elucidate the current knowledge of PIIDs, their etiopathology and diversified microbiology as well as the role of molecular studies, which may be a key to personalized diagnostic and treatment protocols of peri-implant infections in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Pokrowiecki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Prof Stanislaw Popowski Voivoid Children Hospital, Olsztyn
| | | | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Jain S, Williamson RS, Marquart M, Janorkar AV, Griggs JA, Roach MD. Photofunctionalization of anodized titanium surfaces using UVA or UVC light and its effects against Streptococcus sanguinis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2284-2294. [PMID: 29098762 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UV light preirradiation of anodized titanium oxide layers has recently been shown to produce a photocatalytic effect that may reduce early bacterial attachment on titanium surfaces. Streptococcus species have been identified as primary early colonizers and contribute to early biofilm formation on dental implant surfaces. Anodized layers with primarily amorphous, primarily anatase, primarily rutile, and mixtures of anatase and rutile phase oxides were preirradiated with UVA or UVC light for 10 min. Nanoscale surface roughness and pre- and post-UV-irradiated wettability were measured for each anodization group. Sample groups were subjected to streptococcus sanguinis for a period of 24 h. Bacterial attachment and killing efficacy were measured and compared to the corresponding non-UV control groups. UVA treatments showed trends of at least a 20% reduction in bacterial attachment regardless of the crystallinity, or combination of oxide phases present. Anodized layers consisting of primarily anatase phase on the outermost surface were shown to have a killing efficacy of at least 50% after preirradiation with UVA light. Anodized layers containing disperse mixtures of anatase and rutile phases at the outermost surface showed at least a 50% killing efficacy after pre-irradiation with either UVA or UVC light. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2284-2294, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Jain
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Randall S Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mary Marquart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jason A Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael D Roach
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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25
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Zhang H, Komasa S, Mashimo C, Sekino T, Okazaki J. Effect of ultraviolet treatment on bacterial attachment and osteogenic activity to alkali-treated titanium with nanonetwork structures. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4633-4646. [PMID: 28721040 PMCID: PMC5500560 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Alkali-treated titanium with nanonetwork structures (TNS) possesses good osteogenic activity; however, the resistance of this material to bacterial contamination remains inadequate. As such, TNS implants are prone to postoperative infection. In this work, we attempted to alter the biological properties of TNS by treatment with short-duration high-intensity ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Methods TNS discs were treated with UV light (wavelength =254 nm, strength =100 mW/cm2) for 15 minutes using a UV-irradiation machine. We carried out a surface characterization and evaluated the discs for bacterial film formation, protein adsorption, and osteogenic features. Results The superhydrophilicity and surface hydrocarbon elimination exhibited by the treated material (UV-treated titanium with a nanonetwork structure [UV-TNS]) revealed that this treatment effectively changed the surface characteristics of TNS. Notably, UV-TNS also showed reduced colonization by Actinomyces oris during an initial attachment period and inhibition of biofilm formation for up to 6 hours. Moreover, compared to conventional TNS, UV-TNS showed superior osteogenic activity as indicated by increased levels of adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteogenic factor production, and osteogenesis-related gene expression by rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs). This inverse relationship between bacterial attachment and cell adhesion could be due to the presence of electron–hole pairs induced by high-intensity UV treatment. Conclusion We suggest that simple UV treatment has great clinical potential for TNS implants, as it promotes the osseointegration of the TNS while reducing bacterial contamination, and can be conducted chair-side immediately prior to implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital and College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiho Mashimo
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata
| | - Tohru Sekino
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joji Okazaki
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Pokrowiecki R, Zaręba T, Szaraniec B, Pałka K, Mielczarek A, Menaszek E, Tyski S. In vitro studies of nanosilver-doped titanium implants for oral and maxillofacial surgery. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4285-4297. [PMID: 28652733 PMCID: PMC5473602 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of an antibacterial agent to dental implants may provide the opportunity to decrease the percentage of implant failures due to peri-implantitis. For this purpose, in this study, the potential efficacy of nanosilver-doped titanium biomaterials was determined. Titanium disks were incorporated with silver nanoparticles over different time periods by Tollens reaction, which is considered to be an eco-friendly, cheap, and easy-to-perform method. The surface roughness, wettability, and silver release profile of each disc were measured. In addition, the antibacterial activity was also evaluated by using disk diffusion tests for bacteria frequently isolated from the peri-implant biofilm: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro in a natural human osteoblasts cell culture. The addition of nanosilver significantly increased the surface roughness and decreased the wettability in a dose-dependent manner. These surfaces were significantly toxic to all the tested bacteria following a 48-hour exposure, regardless of silver doping duration. A concentration of 0.05 ppm was sufficient to inhibit Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, with the latter being significantly more susceptible to silver ions. However, after the exposure of human osteoblasts to 0.1 ppm of silver ions, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed by using ToxiLight™ BioAssay Kit after 72 hours. Data from the present study indicated that the incorporation of nanosilver may influence the surface properties that are important in the implant healing process. The presence of nanosilver on the titanium provides an antibacterial activity related to the bacteria involved in peri-implantitis. Finally, the potential toxicological considerations of nanosilver should further be investigated, as both the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties may be observed at similar concentration ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Pokrowiecki
- Center for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Voivodeship Children's Hospital, Olsztyn.,Department of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian Medical University, Kraków
| | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw
| | - Barbara Szaraniec
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków
| | - Krzysztof Pałka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin
| | | | - Elżbieta Menaszek
- Department of Cytobiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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de Avila ED, Lima BP, Sekiya T, Torii Y, Ogawa T, Shi W, Lux R. Effect of UV-photofunctionalization on oral bacterial attachment and biofilm formation to titanium implant material. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26210175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections remain prevalent reasons for implant failure. Dental implant placement occurs in the oral environment, which harbors a plethora of biofilm-forming bacteria. Due to its trans-mucosal placement, part of the implant structure is exposed to oral cavity and there is no effective measure to prevent bacterial attachment to implant materials. Here, we demonstrated that UV treatment of titanium immediately prior to use (photofunctionalization) affects the ability of human polymicrobial oral biofilm communities to colonize in the presence of salivary and blood components. UV-treatment of machined titanium transformed the surface from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. UV-treated surfaces exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial attachment as well as subsequent biofilm formation compared to untreated ones, even though overall bacterial viability was not affected. The function of reducing bacterial colonization was maintained on UV-treated titanium that had been stored in a liquid environment before use. Denaturing gradient gel-electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequencing analyses revealed that while bacterial community profiles appeared different between UV-treated and untreated titanium in the initial attachment phase, this difference vanished as biofilm formation progressed. Our findings confirm that UV-photofunctionalization of titanium has a strong potential to improve outcome of implant placement by creating and maintaining antimicrobial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Dorigatti de Avila
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Lima
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takeo Sekiya
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasuyoshi Torii
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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