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Caicedo-Roa M, Cordeiro RC, Bandeira LM. Femicide in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil: Matched case-control study. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 100:102606. [PMID: 37935088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Amid the pandemic of violence against women, it is imperative to identify the contributing factors to lethal forms of violence against them. Femicides are the result of the intersection of variables that increase women's vulnerability. This study seeks to estimate the risk factors associated with death due to femicide in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. We considered sociodemographic variables, employment, exposure to violence, and psychoactive substance use. Our analysis employed conditional logistic regression. Using a case-control study design, we paired femicide cases with female controls from the general population, matching them by age and human development index, with a ratio of four controls per case. We analyzed 24 femicide cases and 96 controls. Women in the femicide group had lower educational attainment and were more likely to originate from outside the state of São Paulo. They predominantly held informal jobs, had experienced physical violence from intimate partners within the last 30 days, and exhibited higher alcohol, crack, and antidepressant consumption. Women in the femicide group reported more exposure to threats compared to those in the control group. Two variables significantly explained the likelihood of being a femicide case: a history of intimate partner violence in the last 30 days (OR 73.3, 95% CI: 8.1 to 661.7) and originating from outside the state of São Paulo (OR 6.5, 95% CI: 1.7 to 25.2). In this text, we discuss the findings and methodological challenges encountered in researching lethal violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Caicedo-Roa
- State University of Campinas, School of Medical Sciences, Graduate Program of Public Health in the Epidemiology Research Area, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Carlos Cordeiro
- State University of Campinas, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lourdes Maria Bandeira
- Department of Sociology, University of Brasilia, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil.
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Vroegindewey A, Sabri B. Using Mindfulness to Improve Mental Health Outcomes of Immigrant Women with Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12714. [PMID: 36232015 PMCID: PMC9564648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immigrant women are disproportionately affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), which poses risk for mental health problems, such as PTSD and depression. Post-migration barriers limit immigrant women's access to supportive services, which can further debilitate their mental health symptoms and their safety. The Being safe, Healthy, and Positively Empowered (BSHAPE) digital intervention was designed to address physical safety and healthcare needs of immigrant women through a multi-component approach that integrated mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) practices. This paper reports qualitative feedback findings from eighteen Black immigrant women with recent IPV exposure and co-occurring mental health symptoms, who participated in the mindfulness sessions of BSHAPE. We identified elements of mindfulness that women perceived as beneficial in their healing. Women's feedback indicated healing and empowerment through positive appraisals and coping strategies. The benefits were noted for mindfulness elements promoting self-compassion, self-actualization, intentionality of moving forward in life, and developing positivity or a sense of optimism. Other helpful elements were relaxation, self-care and reflection, self-awareness, self-control and focused thinking. Our findings show that incorporating mindfulness practices in interventions can be beneficial for promoting the healing and empowerment of immigrant women in abusive relationships.
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Dokkedahl SB, Kirubakaran R, Bech-Hansen D, Kristensen TR, Elklit A. The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2022; 11:163. [PMID: 35948921 PMCID: PMC9364557 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examines the association between psychological violence and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, while comparing the specific subtypes of psychological violence and simultaneously focusing on methodological shortcomings. METHOD A systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses were applied on the three main outcomes: PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Four electronic databases were searched (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science), and a total of 194 studies were included (k = 149 for meta-analyses). GRADEpro was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence from the meta-analyses. RESULTS Psychological violence had strong associations with the three main outcomes, with the strongest association for PTSD in both female and male victims. Coercive control was particularly associated with PTSD for female victims, while emotional/verbal and dominance/isolation had the strongest association with depression. Although the identified studies were characterized by gender bias, psychological violence appear to affect male mental health too. DISCUSSION Findings from the meta-analyses support the notion that psychological violence is a traumatic experience, which is strongly association with PTSD and other common mental health problems linked to trauma. GRADEpro rated the certainty of evince to be low, and thus, our confidence in the estimated effect is limited. Gender bias, the applied terminology, and other methodological shortcomings are discussed. Despite the substantial amount of research on this topic, more research is needed before we can draw any final conclusions on the effect of psychological violence on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Dokkedahl
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark. .,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - R Kirubakaran
- Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Healthcare and Health Policy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - D Bech-Hansen
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - T R Kristensen
- Centre for Persons Subjected to Violence, Center of Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Elklit
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Graham LM, Sahay KM, Rizo CF, Messing JT, Macy RJ. The Validity and Reliability of Available Intimate Partner Homicide and Reassault Risk Assessment Tools: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:18-40. [PMID: 30669956 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018821952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At least one in seven homicides around the world is perpetrated by intimate partners. The danger of intimate partner homicide (IPH) associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) has led to the development of numerous IPV reassault and IPH risk assessment tools. Using 18 electronic databases and research repositories, we conducted a systematic review of IPH or IPV reassault risk assessment instruments. After review, 43 studies reported in 42 articles met inclusion criteria. We systematically extracted, analyzed, and synthesized data on tools studied, sample details, data collection location, study design, analysis methods, validity, reliability, and feasibility of use. Findings indicate that researchers in eight countries have tested 18 distinct IPH or IPV reassault risk assessment tools. The tools are designed for various professionals including law enforcement, first responders, and social workers. Twenty-six studies focused on assessing the risk of male perpetrators, although eight included female perpetrators. Eighteen studies tested tools with people in mixed-sex relationships, though many studies did not explicitly report the gender of both the perpetrators and victims/survivors. The majority of studies were administered or coded by researchers rather than administered in real-world settings. Reliable and valid instruments that accurately and feasibly assess the risk of IPH and IPV reassault in community settings are necessary for improving public safety and reducing violent deaths. Although researchers have developed several instruments assessing different risk factors, systematic research on the feasibility of using these instruments in practice settings is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie M Graham
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kashika M Sahay
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia F Rizo
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jill T Messing
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca J Macy
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Lacey KK, Mouzon DM, Parnell RN, Laws T. Severe Intimate Partner Violence, Sources of Stress and the Mental Health of U.S. Black Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:17-28. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krim K. Lacey
- College of Arts, Sciences and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Dawne M. Mouzon
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Regina N. Parnell
- Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Terri Laws
- College of Arts, Sciences and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
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Asnaani A, Charlery White SAR, Majeed I, Phillip TM. Trauma Education and Stigma Reduction in Global Settings: An Evaluation of the Impact of a One-Day Trauma Psychoeducation Workshop with Community Stakeholders in the Caribbean Nation of Saint Lucia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2255. [PMID: 32230803 PMCID: PMC7177343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The independent island nation of Saint Lucia and surrounding Caribbean countries have fairly well-documented high reported rates of trauma, but limited training infrastructure for trauma-related mental health support and treatment services. This study addresses this disparity between high trauma exposure and sparse trauma-related resources by studying how a one-day training workshop impacted self-rated knowledge about trauma and stigma towards trauma survivors. The training was provided by a licensed clinical psychologist in partnership with a local women's rights group. Participants (n = 41) included school counselors, nurses, psychiatric providers, health educators, and advocates on the island. Participants completed pre- and post-workshop measures examining the variables of interest. The one-day workshop provided training on trauma types, post-trauma reactions, options for treatment, and hands-on training for trauma crisis-management and short-term interventions. Following the workshop, participants reported increased knowledge of trauma, more accurate perceptions of its prevalence, better understanding of evidence-based treatments, and lower trauma survivor-related stigma. This is the first trauma-focused workshop tested in St. Lucia, where the need for such training is considerable given few treatment options for trauma survivors in this area. Work is underway to provide more expansive services for trauma across the Caribbean region, given these preliminary promising findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Asnaani
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Ifrah Majeed
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Sabri B, Gielen A. Integrated Multicomponent Interventions for Safety and Health Risks Among Black Female Survivors of Violence: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:720-731. [PMID: 29334001 PMCID: PMC5771976 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017730647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of violence disproportionately affects women, including Black women. Black women survivors of violence have been found to face multiple safety and health issues such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, HIV, and poor reproductive health. Many health issues co-occur, and this co-occurrence can be associated with additional safety and health-related challenges for survivors. Consequently, there is a need for multicomponent interventions that are designed to concurrently address multiple health issues commonly faced by Black survivors of violence. This systematic review of literature determines the efficacy of various strategies used in the existing evidence-based multicomponent interventions on violence reduction, promotion of reproductive health, reduction in risk for HIV, reduction in levels of stress, and improvement in mental health. Sixteen intervention studies were identified. Examples of components found to be efficacious in the studies were safety planning for violence, skill building in self-care for mental health, education and self-regulatory skills for HIV, mindfulness-based stress reduction for reducing stress, and individual counseling for reproductive health. Although some strategies were found to be efficacious in improving outcomes for survivors, the limitations in designs and methods, and exclusive focus on intimate partner violence calls for more rigorous research for this population, particularly for Black survivors of all forms of violence. There is also need for culturally responsive multicomponent interventions that account for diversity among Black survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sabri
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Gielen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Sabri B, Njie-Carr VPS, Messing JT, Glass N, Brockie T, Hanson G, Case J, Campbell JC. The weWomen and ourCircle randomized controlled trial protocol: A web-based intervention for immigrant, refugee and indigenous women with intimate partner violence experiences. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 76:79-84. [PMID: 30517888 PMCID: PMC6449099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV), including homicides is a widespread and significant public health problem, disproportionately affecting immigrant, refugee and indigenous women in the United States (US). This paper describes the protocol of a randomized control trial testing the utility of administering culturally tailored versions of the danger assessment (DA, measure to assess risk of homicide, near lethality and potentially lethal injury by an intimate partner) along with culturally adapted versions of the safety planning (myPlan) intervention: a) weWomen (designed for immigrant and refugee women) and b) ourCircle (designed for indigenous women). Safety planning is tailored to women's priorities, culture and levels of danger. Many abused women from immigrant, refugee and indigenous groups never access services [WHY?] and research is needed to support interventions that are most effective and suited to the needs of abused women from these populations in the US. In this two-arm trial, 1250 women are being recruited and randomized to either the web-based weWomen or ourCircle intervention or a usual safety planning control website. Data on outcomes (i.e., safety, mental health and empowerment) are collected at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months post- baseline. It is anticipated that the findings will result in an evidence-based culturally tailored intervention for use by healthcare and domestic violence providers serving immigrant, refugee and indigenous survivors of IPV. The intervention may not only reduce risk for violence victimization, but also empower abused women and improve their mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sabri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD-21205, USA.
| | - Veronica P S Njie-Carr
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 665 W Lombard Street, Baltimore MD-21201, USA.
| | - Jill T Messing
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Avenue, Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Nancy Glass
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD-21205, USA.
| | - Teresa Brockie
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD-21205, USA.
| | - Ginger Hanson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD-21205, USA.
| | - James Case
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD-21205, USA
| | - Jacquelyn C Campbell
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD-21205, USA.
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9
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Ogum Alangea D, Addo-Lartey AA, Sikweyiya Y, Chirwa ED, Coker-Appiah D, Jewkes R, Adanu RMK. Prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence among women in four districts of the central region of Ghana: Baseline findings from a cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200874. [PMID: 30024948 PMCID: PMC6053193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant global public health problem. Understanding risk factors is crucial for developing prevention programmes. Yet, little evidence exists on population-based prevalence and risk factors for IPV in West Africa. Our objective was to measure both lifetime and past year prevalence of IPV and to determine factors associated with past year physical or sexual IPV experience. This population-based survey involved 2000 randomly selected women aged 18 to 49 years living in 40 localities within four districts of the Central Region of Ghana. Questionnaires were interviewer-administered from February to May 2016. Respondents were currently or ever-partnered, and resident in study area ≥12months preceding the survey. Data collected included: socio-demographics; sexual behavior; mental health and substance use; employment status; 12-month and lifetime experience of violence; household food insecurity; gender norms/attitudes; partner characteristics and childhood trauma. Logistic regression modelling was used to determine factors associated with sexual or physical IPV, adjusting for age and survey design. About 34% of respondents had experienced IPV in the past year, with 21.4% reporting sexual and or physical forms. Past year experience of emotional and economic IPV were 24.6% and 7.4% respectively. Senior high school education or higher was protective of IPV (AOR = 0.51[0.30-0.86]). Depression (AOR = 1.06[1.04-1.08], disability (AOR = 2.30[1.57-3.35]), witnessing abuse of mother (AOR = 2.1.98[1.44-2.72]), experience of childhood sexual abuse (AOR = 1.46[1.07-1.99]), having had multiple sexual partners in past year (AOR = 2.60[1.49-4.53]), control by male partner (AOR = 1.03[1.00-1.06]), male partner alcohol use in past year (AOR = 2.65[2.12-3.31]) and male partner infidelity (AOR = 2.31[1.72-3.09]) were significantly associated with increased odds of past year physical or sexual IPV experience. Male perpetrated IPV remains a significant public health issue in Ghana. Evidence-based interventions targeting women's mental health, disabilities, exposure to violence in childhood, risky sexual behavior and unequal power in relationships will be critical in reducing IPV in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deda Ogum Alangea
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yandisa Sikweyiya
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Esnat Dorothy Chirwa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Rachel Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Richard Mawuena Kofi Adanu
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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10
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Campbell JC, Anderson JC, McFadgion A, Gill J, Zink E, Patch M, Callwood G, Campbell D. The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and Probable Traumatic Brain Injury on Central Nervous System Symptoms. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 27:761-767. [PMID: 29083256 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abused women often report a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms that present challenges to providers. Specifically, injuries to the head or strangulation, may initiate neurological changes that contribute to central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. These symptoms are often attributed to mental health diagnoses in this population. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the prevalence of and associations between reported probable traumatic brain injury (TBI) and CNS symptoms in a sample of women of African descent. METHODS A convenience sample of 901 women of African descent from Baltimore, MD and the US Virgin Islands, aged 18-55, was used to examine relationships among self-reported intimate partner violence (IPV), TBI, and CNS symptoms. Data were collected via Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview. RESULTS Abused women who experienced a probable TBI were more likely to report CNS symptoms than those who did not. When controlling for demographics, IPV, and mental health symptoms, probable TBI was associated with a two point increase in CNS symptom frequency score (95% confidence interval: 1.55-2.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women who reported both probable TBI and IPV were more likely than their abused counterparts who reported no TBI to report CNS symptoms. This relationship held true even when controlling for symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinicians working with women should be aware of TBI as a possible etiology for symptoms in abused women. Appropriate screening and treatment protocols should be designed and implemented across medical settings to improve outcomes for women who have experienced IPV and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Campbell
- 1 Community and Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jocelyn C Anderson
- 1 Community and Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Akosoa McFadgion
- 3 Office of Interpersonal Violence Prevention, Howard University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jessica Gill
- 4 National Institute of Nursing Research , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Zink
- 1 Community and Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle Patch
- 1 Community and Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gloria Callwood
- 5 Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands , St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
| | - Doris Campbell
- 5 Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands , St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
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Beach SR, Carpenter CR, Rosen T, Sharps P, Gelles R. Screening and detection of elder abuse: Research opportunities and lessons learned from emergency geriatric care, intimate partner violence, and child abuse. J Elder Abuse Negl 2016; 28:185-216. [PMID: 27593945 PMCID: PMC7339956 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2016.1229241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of elder abuse screening and detection methods for community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults, including general issues and challenges for the field. Then, discussions of applications in emergency geriatric care, intimate partner violence (IPV), and child abuse are presented to inform research opportunities in elder abuse screening. The article provides descriptions of emerging screening and detection methods and technologies from the emergency geriatric care and IPV fields. We also discuss the variety of potential barriers to effective screening and detection from the viewpoint of the older adult, caregivers, providers, and the health care system, and we highlight the potential harms and unintended negative consequences of increased screening and mandatory reporting. We argue that research should continue on the development of valid screening methods and tools, but that studies of perceived barriers and potential harms of elder abuse screening among key stakeholders should also be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Beach
- University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher R. Carpenter
- Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tony Rosen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Phyllis Sharps
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Gelles
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Sabri B, Holliday CN, Alexander KA, Huerta J, Cimino A, Callwood GB, Campbell JC. Cumulative Violence Exposures: Black Women's Responses and Sources of Strength. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 31:127-39. [PMID: 26954765 PMCID: PMC4821689 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2015.1087917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Black women with cumulative violence exposures (CVE) may have unique needs for health care and safety. Qualitative data was analyzed from interviews with nine Black women with CVE to explore factors that motivated women to leave abusive relationships, women's sources of strengths, and their responses to abuse. Quantitative data (N = 163) was analyzed to examine relationships between CVEs by intimate partner and health among Black women to further characterize the challenges these women face in making changes and finding their sources of strengths. Findings highlight the need to assess for CVE and identify multiple motivators for change, sources of strengths and coping strategies that could be potential points of intervention for women with CVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sabri
- Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
| | - Charvonne N. Holliday
- Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
| | - Kamila A. Alexander
- Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
| | - Julia Huerta
- Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
| | - Andrea Cimino
- Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
| | - Gloria B. Callwood
- Caribbean Exploratory Research Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands
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Lacey KK, West CM, Matusko N, Jackson JS. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Severe Physical Intimate Partner Violence Among U.S. Black Women: A Comparison of African American and Caribbean Blacks. Violence Against Women 2015; 22:651-70. [PMID: 26503860 DOI: 10.1177/1077801215610014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explored prevalence rates and factors associated with lifetime severe physical intimate partner violence among U.S. Black women. Data from the National Survey of American Life were examined. Rates of severe physical intimate partner violence were higher among African American women compared with U.S. Caribbean Black women. Risk factors associated with reported abuse were similar to those found in earlier studies but differed by ethnic backgrounds. Demographic, resource, and situational factors were associated with severe physical intimate partner violence among U.S. Black women in general but made unique contributions by ethnic group. Implications and suggestions for future studies were discussed.
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14
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Stockman JK, Hayashi H, Campbell JC. Intimate Partner Violence and its Health Impact on Ethnic Minority Women [corrected]. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 24:62-79. [PMID: 25551432 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, intimate partner violence (IPV) against women disproportionately affects ethnic minorities. Further, disparities related to socioeconomic and foreign-born status impact the adverse physical and mental health outcomes as a result of IPV, further exacerbating these health consequences. This article reviews 36 U.S. studies on the physical (e.g., multiple injuries, disordered eating patterns), mental (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), and sexual and reproductive health conditions (e.g., HIV/STIs, unintended pregnancy) resulting from IPV victimization among ethnic minority (i.e., Black/African American, Hispanic/Latina, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian American) women, some of whom are immigrants. Most studies either did not have a sufficient sample size of ethnic minority women or did not use adequate statistical techniques to examine differences among different racial/ethnic groups. Few studies focused on Native American/Alaska Native and immigrant ethnic minority women and many of the intra-ethnic group studies have confounded race/ethnicity with income and other social determinants of health. Nonetheless, of the available data, there is evidence of health inequities associated with both minority ethnicity and IPV. To appropriately respond to the health needs of these groups of women, it is necessary to consider social, cultural, structural, and political barriers (e.g., medical mistrust, historical racism and trauma, perceived discrimination, immigration status) to patient-provider communication and help-seeking behaviors related to IPV, which can influence health outcomes. This comprehensive approach will mitigate the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities related to IPV and associated health outcomes and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila K Stockman
- 1 Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Mason R, O'Rinn SE. Co-occurring intimate partner violence, mental health, and substance use problems: a scoping review. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:24815. [PMID: 25416321 PMCID: PMC4240863 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive, serious problem detrimental to the health of untold numbers of women. In addition to physical injuries that may be sustained, IPV has been significantly associated with mental health challenges including substance use problems. The problems are complex, highly correlated with each other, and bidirectional in nature. Although as many as 50% of women in mental health and between 25% and 50% of women in substance abuse treatment programs report IPV, frontline workers in all three sectors state they lack the training to address these co-occurring problems. Objective To determine what frontline IPV, mental health, and substance use workers need to know in order to provide appropriate care to women experiencing co-occurring IPV, mental health and/or substance use problems. Design Using Scholars Portal OVID, Medline and OVID PsycINFO and combinations of significant terms, we conducted a scoping review of articles published between 2005 and 2014. Results An initial 4017 records were retrieved (3484 from Scholars Portal, 272 from Medline, 261 from PsycINFO). After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 articles were reviewed. Of these, 14 examined the relationships among IPV, mental health, and substance use; 7 focused on IPV and mental health; 14 looked at IPV and substance use. Conclusions Although education and training frequently figured among the recommendations in the reviewed articles, specific content for proposed education or training was lacking. The most frequently occurring recommendations focused on the need to develop better collaboration, coordination, and integration across IPV, mental health and addiction treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mason
- Women's College Hospital, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Susan E O'Rinn
- Women's College Hospital, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lagdon S, Armour C, Stringer M. Adult experience of mental health outcomes as a result of intimate partner violence victimisation: a systematic review. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2014; 5:24794. [PMID: 25279103 PMCID: PMC4163751 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been known to adversely affect the mental health of victims. Research has tended to focus on the mental health impact of physical violence rather than considering other forms of violence. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature in order to identify the impact of all types of IPV victimisation on various mental health outcomes. METHOD A systematic review of 11 electronic databases (2004-2014) was conducted. Fifty eight papers were identified and later described and reviewed in relation to the main objective. RESULTS Main findings suggest that IPV can have increasing adverse effects on the mental health of victims in comparison with those who have never experienced IPV or those experiencing other traumatic events. The most significant outcomes were associations between IPV experiences with depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. Findings confirm previous observations that the severity and extent of IPV exposure can increase mental health symptoms. The effect of psychological violence on mental health is more prominent than originally thought. Individual differences such as gender and childhood experience of violence also increase IPV risk and affect mental health outcomes in diverse ways. CONCLUSIONS Psychological violence should be considered as a more serious form of IPV which can affect the mental health of victims. Experiencing more than one form of IPV can increase severity of outcomes. Researchers should look at IPV as a multi-dimensional experience. A uniformed definition and measure of IPV could help advance knowledge and understanding of this disparaging global issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lagdon
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maurice Stringer
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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