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Orchowski LM, Merrill JE, Oesterle DW, Barnett NP, Borsari B, Zlotnick C, Haikalis MP, Bekowitz AD. Integrated Alcohol Use and Sexual Assault Prevention Program for College Men Who Engage in Heavy Drinking: Randomized Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47354. [PMID: 37995129 DOI: 10.2196/47354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual assault is prevalent on college campuses and most commonly is perpetrated by men. Problematically, there is a dearth of evidence-based prevention programs targeting men as perpetrators of sexual aggression. The Sexual Assault and Alcohol Feedback and Education (SAFE) program is an integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention intervention for college men who engage in heavy drinking that aims to address sexual aggression proclivity and alcohol use outcomes by incorporating social norms theory, bystander intervention, and motivational interviewing. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the initial feasibility-, acceptability-, and efficacy-related outcomes of a randomized pilot trial of an integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention program for college men who engage in heavy drinking. METHODS This study included 115 college men who engaged in heavy drinking, who were randomly assigned to the SAFE program or a mindfulness-based control condition (MBCC). The feasibility of implementation, adequacy of participant retention, fidelity and competency of program administration, and satisfaction and utility of the intervention were evaluated. The primary outcomes of alcohol use and sexual aggression were evaluated at 2 and 6 months after baseline. The secondary outcomes of perceived peer norms, risks for sexual aggression, and bystander intervention were also assessed. The extent to which the motivational interviewing session with personalized normative feedback facilitated changes in the proximal outcomes of drinking intentions, motivation to change, and self-efficacy was also examined. RESULTS The study procedures resulted in high program completion and retention (>80%), high fidelity to the program manual (>80% of the content included), high competency in program administration, and high ratings of satisfaction and program utility in addressing sexual relationships and alcohol use. Both groups reported declines in the number of drinks per week and number of heavy drinking days. Compared with the MBCC participants, the SAFE participants reported higher motivation to change alcohol use after the program, as well as greater use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies at 6 months. Compared with the MBCC participants, the SAFE participants also reported lower perceived peer engagement in sexual coercion, perceived peer comfort with sexism, and peer drinking norms at 2 and 6 months. However, no group differences were observed in sexual aggression severity, rape myth acceptance, or the labeling of sexual consent. Results regarding bystander intervention intentions were mixed, with the MBCC group showing decreased intentions at 2 months and the SAFE group reporting increased intentions at both 2 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide promising evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, utility, and preliminary efficacy of the SAFE program in reducing alcohol use and positively influencing perceived peer norms and intentions for bystander intervention among college men who drink. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05773027; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05773027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Orchowski
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Brown University/Lifespan Center for Digital Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daniel W Oesterle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Caron Zlotnick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michelle P Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alan D Bekowitz
- Indepedent Researcher and Practitioner, Mount Shasta, CA, United States
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Galano MM, Stein SF, Hart N, Ramirez JI, Cunningham RM, Walton MA, Eisman AB, Ngo QM. Nonpartner Violence Perpetration Among Emerging Adults: Associations With Polysubstance Use and Trait Mindfulness. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2023; 13:64-73. [PMID: 37593112 PMCID: PMC10430878 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Violence is a leading cause of death among individuals ages 18-25, with alcohol misuse consistently linked with violence perpetration. However, the association between polysubstance use and violence perpetration is less clear, despite the frequency of use of alcohol with other drugs. Additionally, protective factors such as mindfulness that may reduce violence perpetration among emerging adults have been understudied. This cross-sectional study examined the association between substance use, trait mindfulness, and violence perpetration outside of romantic relationships, utilizing a compensatory model of resilience. Methods Data were drawn from a sample of 665 emerging adults ages 18-25, recruited from an urban Emergency Department (68% men). Participants self-administered a computer survey that assessed non-partner violence perpetration (NPV), alcohol use, marijuana use, prescription drug misuse, and trait mindfulness. Fifteen percent reported non-partner violence perpetration over the past six months. Results Multivariate logistic regression tested associations between violence perpetration, substance use, trait mindfulness, and demographic characteristics. Results showed that alcohol use alone (OR= 3.04), prescription opioid use alone (OR = 3.58), alcohol and marijuana use (OR = 3.75), and use of all three substances (OR= 7.78) were positively associated with violence perpetration. Post-hoc contrasts demonstrated the polysubstance use significantly increased risk over single substance use. Trait mindfulness (OR= 0.97) was negatively associated with violence perpetration after controlling for substance use. Conclusions Findings suggest that polysubstance use may increase risk for violence. Interventions that address polysubstance use, potentially including mindfulness, could reduce non-partner violence perpetration among emerging adults and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Galano
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
| | - Sara F. Stein
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Nyla Hart
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
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Brem MJ, Shorey RC, Anderson S, Stuart GL. Dispositional Mindfulness and Aggression Among Adults in Residential Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Preliminary Findings From an Applied Setting. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:828-840. [PMID: 33372112 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-18-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) evidenced high levels of aggression both before and after the onset of opioid misuse. Continued aggression after abstinence suggested that abstinence alone may be inadequate. The present study investigated dispositional mindfulness in relation to aggressive attitudes, and verbal and physical aggression, by reviewing medical records of 163 adults in residential treatment for OUD. Results of hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age and alcohol/drug use and problems, revealed a negative relationship between dispositional mindfulness and both aggressive attitudes and verbal aggression. Although dispositional mindfulness negatively related to physical aggression at the bivariate level, only alcohol use and problems related to physical aggression in regression analyses. Mindfulness-based treatments may be a useful avenue for targeting aggression within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J Brem
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Ryan C Shorey
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Scott Anderson
- Clinical Director/Chief Clinical Officer of Cornerstone of Recovery, Louisville, TN
| | - Gregory L Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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Garofalo C, Gillespie SM, Velotti P. Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:60-71. [PMID: 31559643 PMCID: PMC6916265 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increase of research on socio‐affective factors that can explain individual differences in aggressive tendencies across community and offender populations. Specifically, mindfulness and emotion regulation have emerged as important factors, which could also constitute important prevention and treatment targets. Yet, recent studies have advanced the possibility that mindfulness may also have a “dark” side, being associated with increased levels of aggression‐related variables, especially when accounting for the variance associated with emotion regulation. The present study sought to elucidate relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, and aggression dimensions (i.e., verbal and physical aggression, anger, and hostility) across violent offender (N = 397) and community (N = 324) samples. Results revealed expected associations between both mindfulness and emotion regulation and aggression dimensions, such that greater impairments in mindfulness and emotion regulation were related to increased levels of aggression across samples. Further, analyses of indirect effects revealed that a latent emotion dysregulation factor accounted for (i.e., mediated) relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions in both samples. Previously reported positive associations between the residual variance in mindfulness scales (i.e., controlling for emotion regulation) and aggression‐related variables were not replicated in the current samples. Taken together, findings suggest that mindfulness and emotion regulation have unequivocal relations with lower levels of aggression, and should therefore be considered as relevant targets for prevention and treatment programs aimed at reducing aggressive tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Garofalo
- Department of Developmental PsychologyTilburg University The Netherlands
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Kirwan M, Svenson D, Pickett SM, Parkhill MR. Emotion regulation as a mediator between sleep quality and interpersonal aggression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ferreira MNX, Hino P, Taminato M, Fernandes H. O cuidado do agressor familiar frequente: revisão integrativa da literatura. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Identificar as principais literaturas científicas sobre o cuidado prestado ao agressor familiar frequente e apresentar as experiências exitosas mais relevantes. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2008 a 2017, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL e SciELO. Resultados Dos 1.496 artigos identificados, 15 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A análise desses estudos revelou duas categorias: Fatores intervenientes à agressividade intrafamiliar e Medidas exitosas para cuidado ou reabilitação de agressores familiares. Conclusão Há escassez de produção sobre a temática em países emergentes. Aspectos como padrões intergeracionais e vivência de situações violentas na infância podem ser intervenientes para o comportamento agressivo contra a família. São apontadas como medidas exitosas para o cuidado do agressor familiar a meditação de atenção plena, o aconselhamento pessoal, a melhoria do padrão do sono, participação em programas de prevenção e em formas de psicoterapia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Hino
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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Tobore TO. On the Neurobiological Role of Oxidative Stress in Alcohol-Induced Impulsive, Aggressive and Suicidal Behavior. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:2290-2303. [PMID: 31369300 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1645179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Alcohol abuse is known to result in behavioral impairments (such as increased impulsivity, aggressive, and suicidal behavior), but the neurobiological basis for these behavioral impairments remains unknown. The objective of this review is to propose a neurobiological basis for alcohol-induced aggression, impulsivity, and suicidal behavior. Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(Alcohol OR Alcoholism* OR Alcohol Abuse) AND (Behavior* OR Behavioral Impairment or Disorder) AND (Oxidative Stress OR Reactive Oxygen Species)." The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1960, and May 31, 2019. The search was limited to studies published in English and other languages involving both animal and human subjects. Articles selected included randomized clinical trials (RCTs), observational studies, meta-analyses, and both systemic and narrative reviews, providing both quantitative and qualitative information with a measure of alcohol abuse or alcoholism as an outcome. Exclusion criteria were unpublished data of any form, including conference proceedings and dissertation. New key terms were identified (new term included: "Antioxidants, Neurotransmitters, Dopamine, Serotonin, GABA, Glutamate. Aggression, Impulsivity, Suicidal Behavior, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, limbic system, psychiatric disorders, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression. These new terms were searched with Alcohol or Alcoholism or Alcohol Abuse and Oxidative Stress separately resulting in the identification of over 3000 articles. 196 were included in this article. Results: Multiple lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical underlying role in alcohol toxicity and behavioral impairments. Conclusions/Importance: People diagnosed with PTSD, anxiety disorder, depression, and those with a personality high in psychoticism as measured by the P Scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, with comorbid alcohol abuse or alcohol use disorder (AUD), may display increased impulsivity, aggression, and suicidal behavior because of the potentiating effect of alcohol-induced OS on their elevated brain oxidative status. Antioxidant therapy should be an integral part of acute alcohol intoxication and AUD treatment. Further research is necessary to fully understand the relationship between OS and alcohol-induced behavioral impairments.
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Shorey RC, Elmquist J, Wolford-Clevenger C, Gawrysiak MJ, Anderson S, Stuart GL. The relationship between dispositional mindfulness, borderline personality features, and suicidal ideation in a sample of women in residential substance use treatment. Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:122-128. [PMID: 27086221 PMCID: PMC4834542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD), which is characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships, is also associated with heightened suicidal ideation. Prior research has demonstrated that BPD and suicidal ideation are prevalent among women in substance use treatment. Efforts to treat substance use in this population are made difficult due to the severity of BPD, and it is possible that mindfulness-based interventions specific to substance use could be an effective approach for this population. However, basic research is needed on the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, BPD, and suicidal ideation among women in treatment for substance use to support their associations, which was the purpose of the present study. Pre-existing medical records were reviewed from a residential substance use treatment center. A total of 81 female patients were included in the current study. Patients completed self-report measures of mindfulness, BPD, suicidal ideation, substance use, and impression management at treatment intake. Findings demonstrated dispositional mindfulness to be negatively associated with BPD features and suicidal ideation. With the exception of self-harm, this negative relationship was found even after controlling for age, substance use, and impression management. Future research should examine whether mindfulness-based interventions are an effective treatment for comorbid substance use and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Shorey
- Ohio University, Department of Psychology, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - JoAnna Elmquist
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory L Stuart
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Elmquist J, Shorey RC, Anderson S, Stuart GL. Are Borderline Personality Symptoms Associated With Compulsive Sexual Behaviors Among Women in Treatment for Substance Use Disorders? An Exploratory Study. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:1077-87. [PMID: 27059090 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extant literature has documented a significant relationship between borderline symptoms and substance use disorders. As supported in past work, there is a significant theoretical relationship between borderline symptoms and compulsive sexual behaviors because both disorders share common underlying behaviors and traits. There is no known research that has examined the empirical relationship between borderline symptoms and compulsive sexual behaviors in a population with substance use disorders. To fill this important gap in the literature, this relationship was examined in the current study. METHOD Medical records from 120 women admitted to a private, residential treatment program for substance use disorders were reviewed for the current study. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that borderline symptoms were significantly associated with compulsive sexual behaviors after controlling for alcohol use and problems, drug use and problems, age, and positive impression management. CONCLUSION Results from this study provide potentially important research and clinical implications, which could ultimately aid treatment and reduce relapse. However, continued research is needed to further examine the relationship between symptoms and compulsive sexual behaviors.
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Shorey RC, Elmquist J, Anderson S, Stuart GL. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Aggression in Men Seeking Residential Substance Use Treatment. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015; 83:6-12. [PMID: 25897180 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Social-cognitive theories of aggression postulate that individuals who perpetrate aggression are likely to have high levels of maladaptive cognitive schemas that increase risk for aggression. Indeed, recent research has begun to examine whether early maladaptive schemas may increase the risk for aggression. However, no known research has examined this among individuals in substance use treatment, despite aggression and early maladaptive schemas being more prevalent among individuals with a substance use disorder than the general population. Toward this end, we examined the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and aggression in men in a residential substance use treatment facility (N = 106). Utilizing pre-existing patient records, results demonstrated unique associations between early maladaptive schema domains and aggression depending on the type of aggression and schema domain examined, even after controlling for substance use, antisocial personality, age, and education. The Impaired Limits domain was positively associated with verbal aggression, aggressive attitude, and overall aggression, whereas the Disconnection and Rejection domain was positively associated with physical aggression. These findings are consistent with social-cognitive models of aggression and advance our understanding of how early maladaptive schemas may influence aggression. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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Shorey RC, Elmquist J, Anderson S, Stuart GL. The relationship between spirituality and aggression in a sample of men in residential substance use treatment. Int J Ment Health Addict 2015; 14:23-30. [PMID: 27158250 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a robust literature documenting that aggression perpetration is increased among individuals in treatment for substance use. Although aggression decreases with successful substance use treatment, a substantial number of patients continue to engage in aggression following treatment. Thus, continued research is needed on potential protective factors for aggression that could be enhanced during substance use treatment. The current study examined the relationship between spirituality and aggression among men in residential treatment for substance use (N = 398), as many substance use treatment programs employ spirituality-based interventions. Findings demonstrated that spirituality was negatively associated with attitudinal, physical, and verbal aggression, as well as a composite aggression score. Moreover, spirituality remained negatively associated with aggression after controlling for age, alcohol use and problems, and drug use and problems. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the association between spirituality and aggression among men in treatment for substance use. Continued research is needed in this area, particularly longitudinal and treatment outcome research.
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Dwivedi U, Kumari S, Akhilesh KB, Nagendra HR. Well-being at workplace through mindfulness: Influence of Yoga practice on positive affect and aggression. Ayu 2015; 36:375-379. [PMID: 27833364 PMCID: PMC5041384 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.190693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mindfulness is about being aware of internal and external stimuli by witnessing the act in a nonjudgmental manner. Earlier researches suggest that positive affectivity (PA) is negatively related to negative affectivity, aggression, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Aim: The present study examined the effect of mindfulness developed through Yoga practices on aggression and PA among working professionals involved in CWB. Materials and Methods: A pre-test, post-test randomized controlled design was used with a study sample of Yoga group (n = 80) and control group (n = 80) for a duration of 10 weeks. Yoga module that included Asanas, Pranayama, meditation, and Yogic theories were taught to the Yoga group. Mild to moderate physical exercises and management theories were taught to the control group. Measurements of aggression and PA scores were taken at the baseline and postintervention for assessment. Results: At the baseline, there was no significant difference in the variable scores between both the groups. Postintervention results revealed that Yoga group showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) reduction in aggression and significant (P < 0.001) enhancement in PA in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: When compared with the control group at the end of the intervention, the Yoga group scores were significantly lower for aggression and higher for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Dwivedi
- Department of Yoga and Management Studies, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sony Kumari
- Department of Yoga and Management Studies, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K B Akhilesh
- Department of Yoga and Management Studies, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H R Nagendra
- Department of Yoga and Management Studies, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Shorey RC, Elmquist J, Anderson SE, Stuart GL. Dispositional Mindfulness and Aggression Among Women in Residential Substance Use Treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1840-4. [PMID: 26623520 PMCID: PMC4813510 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1050112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a large literature on substance misuse and interpersonal aggression, including aggression perpetrated by women in treatment for substance misuse. There is also a growing body of literature on mindfulness and substance use, as well as mindfulness and aggression. However, to date, there has been little research on whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with increased aggression among women in treatment for substance misuse. The current study, therefore, examined whether dispositional mindfulness was associated with aggression, above and beyond substance use and demographic characteristics, in women in residential substance misuse treatment (N = 137). Results showed that lower dispositional mindfulness was associated with increased aggression (physical, verbal, and aggressive attitude). Moreover, this relationship between dispositional mindfulness and aggression remained even after controlling for alcohol problems, drug problems, and age, all known predictors of aggression. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that dispositional mindfulness is negatively associated with aggression in women in treatment for substance misuse. Pending replication, this could have important implications for treatment. Specifically, mindfulness-based interventions may prove helpful for the concurrent treatment of substance misuse and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Shorey
- a Department of Psychology , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio , USA
| | - JoAnna Elmquist
- b Psychology Department , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee , USA
| | | | - Gregory L Stuart
- d Psychology Department , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee , USA
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Shorey RC, Gawrysiak MJ, Anderson S, Stuart GL. Dispositional mindfulness, spirituality, and substance use in predicting depressive symptoms in a treatment-seeking sample. J Clin Psychol 2014; 71:334-45. [PMID: 25522300 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is imperative that research identifies factors related to depression among individuals in substance use treatment, as depression is associated with substance use relapse. Dispositional mindfulness and spirituality may bear an important role in the relationship between depression and substance use. METHOD Using preexisting patient medical records (N = 105), the current study investigated dispositional mindfulness and spirituality in relation to depressive symptom clusters (affective, cognitive, and physiological) among men in residential substance use treatment. The mean age of the sample was 41.03 (standard deviation = 10.75). RESULTS Findings demonstrated that dispositional mindfulness and spirituality were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. After controlling for age, alcohol use, and drug use, dispositional mindfulness remained negatively associated with all of the depression clusters. Spirituality only remained associated with the cognitive depression cluster. CONCLUSION Mindfulness-based interventions may hold promise as an effective intervention for reducing substance use and concurrent depressive symptoms.
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