1
|
Kedzior SGE, Barrett S, Muir C, Lynch R, Kaner E, Forman JR, Wolfe I, McGovern R. "They had clothes on their back and they had food in their stomach, but they didn't have me": The contribution of parental mental health problems, substance use, and domestic violence and abuse on young people and parents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106609. [PMID: 38181566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parental risk factors of mental health problems, substance use, and domestic violence and abuse each individually negatively impacts children's health and developmental outcomes. Few studies have considered the lived experience and support needs of parents and children in the real-world situation where these common risks cluster. OBJECTIVE This study explores parents' and young people's lived experiences of the clustering of parental mental health problems, parental substance use, and domestic violence and abuse. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 mothers, 6 fathers, and 7 young people with experiences of these parental risk factors. Transcribed interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were developed, 1) cumulative adversity, 2) the impact of syndemic risk, 3) families navigating risk, and 4) family support. Parents and young people described family situations of stress wherein they experienced cumulative impact of multiple parental risk factors. Parents sought to navigate stressors and parent in positive ways under challenging conditions, often impeded by their own childhood trauma and diminished confidence. Parents and young people spoke of the need for, and benefits of having, support; both as a family and as individuals, to successfully address this trio of parental risks and the related impact. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the high level of stress families experience and the efforts they go to mitigate risk. Services and interventions need to reflect the complexity of multiple needs and consider both the whole family and individuals when providing support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie G E Kedzior
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Barrett
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Cassey Muir
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lynch
- Sociology, Philosophy, and Anthropology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julia R Forman
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Wolfe
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williams OC, Prasad S, Khan AA, Ayisire OE, Naseer H, Abdullah M, Nadeem M, Ashraf N, Zeeshan M. Tailoring parenting styles and family-based interventions cross-culturally as an effective prevention strategy for youth substance use: a scoping review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:257-270. [PMID: 38222691 PMCID: PMC10783303 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The challenge of substance use among youth continues to be a highly concerning public health issue across the globe. The notion that parenting lifestyles and family-based intervention can help in the prevention of adolescent substance use have received robust attention from policy makers, researchers' clinicians and general public, nonetheless, there is scarcity of high quality evidence to support these concepts. Objective To review available literature which assessed the effects of parenting styles and family-based interventions on the prevention of adolescent substance use. Methods A scoping review of literature to identify studies published in English between 2012 and 2022 was conducted searching Scopus, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases focused on effects of parenting styles and family-based interventions in the prevention of adolescent substance use.Keywords of family-based intervention strategies and possible outcomes of parenting styles on youth substance use were coded from the results, discussion, or conclusion. Strategies were inductively categorized into themes according to the focus of the strategy. Results A total of 47 studies, published between 2012 and 2022 in English language included. Narrative synthesis illustrated that parental involvement, restriction of mature-rated content, parental monitoring, authoritative parenting styles, and parental support and knowledge can help in the prevention of adolescent substance use. On the contrary, poor parent-child bonding, overprotection, permissive parenting, parental frustrations, authoritarian and harsh parenting styles promoted adolescent substance use disorders. Proximal risk factors like peer influence, previous use of other substances, and risky behaviours had more effect than just parenting styles. Culturally tailored family-based intervention strategies such as "Preventive Parenting", "Parent Training", and "Parent Involvement", with focus on "Technology Assisted Intervention", particularly "SMART "(Substance Misuse among Adolescents in Residential Treatment) are found as effective family-based intervention strategies to mitigate substance use in youth. Conclusion Culturally tailored family-based behavioural strategies psychosocial intervention strategies can be considered of the most effective strategies to prevent substance use disorders in youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakshi Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Ahmed Ali Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rogers K, Berger E. A Systematic Review of Children's Perspectives of Fathers who Perpetrate Intimate Partner Violence. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3112-3131. [PMID: 36197067 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221124268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) between parents or caregivers can result in lifelong mental, physical, and relational challenges for children. Although the impacts of IPV on children are well documented, the aim of this systematic review was to be the first to synthesize the literature on children's perspectives of fathers who have perpetrated IPV. Five electronic databases were searched using a string of search terms relating to the variables of interest. In total, 11,40 records were obtained from the database search. Screening based on a strict inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 24 qualitative articles addressing the perceptions of children concerning fathers who perpetrate IPV. Research capturing the views of children regarding fathers who perpetrate IPV is scant. The current review highlights that children experience a range of feelings about their perpetrating fathers, including fear, anger, hatred, as well as ambivalence and love toward their father and children often have difficulty integrating contradictory experiences of their fathers' behaviors. Father-child relationships are severely affected by IPV, including their fathers' use of coercive control, even after the parents have separated. Finally, children's experiences of their fathers' attempts at behavior change varied. More research is needed to understand the views of children in this area, with consideration given to children's developmental stage and the type of IPV experienced. Recommendations for research and interventions for children and families are emphasized further within this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Rogers
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Emily Berger
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammadi F, Barati M, Borzou SR, Ezati E, Mohammadi K, Mohammadi Z, Khazaei S, Masoumi SZ. Investigating the relationship between domestic violence with substance abuse and suicide resilience in mothers with disabled children. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1223896. [PMID: 37663857 PMCID: PMC10470635 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1223896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mothers with disabled children are among the most critical groups exposed to domestic violence. Although domestic violence strongly affects these mothers' physical and mental health, it subsequently affects their drug addiction and resilience to suicide. Based on this, it is crucial to investigate domestic violence, drug addiction, and resilience against suicide in mothers with disabled children. This study investigated the relationship between domestic violence, substance dependence, and resilience against suicide in mothers with disabled children in Iranian society. Methods From January to April 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted in central and western Iran with the participation of 267 mothers with disabled children. The mothers of disabled children were selected through convenience and snowball sampling. Then they completed questionnaires included domestic violence, substance dependence and resilience against suicide. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with descriptive statistics, such as prevalence, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and expository measurements, including ANOVA, independent t, and regression tests. Results The study revealed that there was a strong direct correlation between domestic violence and substance abuse (r = 0.89, p < 0.001), as well as a strong indirect correlation between domestic violence and suicide resilience (r = -0.90, p < 0.001). Additionally, substance abuse and suicide resilience were negatively correlated (r = -0.93, p < 0.001). Other variables, such as the severity of children's disability, education, financial status, and the fathers' involvement, were predictors of domestic violence, accounting for 73.28% of the variance. Conclusion Mothers with disabled children reported moderate levels of domestic violence, which strongly impacts their physical and mental well-being, leading to drug dependency and suicide. So, it is essential to implement comprehensive planning and provide extensive support to reduce domestic violence against them. By doing so, we can enhance their physical and mental health and ultimately improve their overall quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Borzou
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Homecare) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elahe Ezati
- Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | | | | | - Salman Khazaei
- Education of Isfahan Province, Isfahan, Iran
- Health Sciences Research Center, Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lalande C, Gauthier S, Damant D, Lessard G, Dubé M. Professional Representations of Collaboration in the Response to Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36776625 PMCID: PMC9904525 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Due to the complexity of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the many actors involved in its social and legal responses, there is a broad consensus that collaboration is essential if IPV is to be overcome. Few studies, however, have provided details as to how these collaborations occur. Rather, research on collaboration in IPV has typically focused on a series of factors facilitating and hindering it. However, these factors are rarely articulated in a systemic, comprehensive, and integrated way. Method To gain a better understanding of the socio-judicial response to IPV, we conducted a case study in an administrative region in the Province of Quebec, Canada. We conducted individual interviews with 37 key informants who work with people experiencing IPV. The data were subjected to deductive thematic coding as well as to intra- and inter-role matrices that cross-referenced the themes. Result According to our findings, interagency referrals and information sharing were the most common collaborative practices reported by participants which leading us to characterize the region studied in this article as poorly integrated. Factors facilitating and hindering collaboration are discussed in relation to previous studies. Conclusion Recommendations for cross-sectoral training, organizational policy development, and opportunities to leverage the expertise of specialized actors in IPV response systems are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Myriam Dubé
- University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salonen D, McGovern R, Sobo-Allen L, Adams E, Muir C, Bourne J, Herlihy J, Tasker F, Hunter D, Kaner E. Being and becoming a father in the context of heavy drinking and other substance use—a qualitative evidence synthesis. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2167650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Salonen
- Newcastle University Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R. McGovern
- Newcastle University Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L. Sobo-Allen
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University - City Campus, Leeds, UK
| | - E. Adams
- Newcastle University Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C. Muir
- Newcastle University Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Bourne
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J. Herlihy
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Tasker
- Changing Futures Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D. Hunter
- Changing Futures Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E. Kaner
- Newcastle University Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tadros E, Tate SD. The Association between Perpetuation of Intimate Partner Violence and Family Support on Couples with an Incarcerated Partner. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12165. [PMID: 36231467 PMCID: PMC9566355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ripple effect of incarceration is multifaceted. Studies show that imprisonment impacts the well-being of intimate and extended familial relationships, parental involvement, and financial support. Using data from the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting, and Partnering [MFS-IP], this study examined the effects of incarceration on families. The focus of this study is to examine the effect of family support on perpetrating physical violence. The findings revealed that the actor effect for men (p < 0.05) is statistically significant, meaning that men with less family support perpetuate higher levels of intimate partner violence (IPV). The partner effects for men to women (p < 0.05) is also statistically significant, meaning women with less family support coincide with men's higher levels of IPV perpetration. Further, the effect of romantic attachment on perpetrating physical violence for men (p = 0.034) is statistically significant, meaning higher levels of romantic attachment towards the female partner coincides with their lower levels of perpetration of IPV. Clinical implications and future directions are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Tadros
- Division of Psychology and Counseling, Governors State University, University Park, IL 60441, USA
| | - Selena D. Tate
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Human Ecology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Diversifying Indigenous Vulnerability and Adaptation: An Intersectional Reading of Māori Women’s Experiences of Health, Wellbeing, and Climate Change. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence that Indigenous peoples’ multiple subjectivities engender diverse lived experiences both between and within Indigenous groups, the influence of multiple subjectivities on Indigenous peoples’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change is largely un-explored. Drawing on ethnographic research with Indigenous Māori women in Aotearoa New Zealand, this paper provides empirical evidence that subjectivity-mediated power dynamics operating within Indigenous societies (at the individual and household scale) are important determinants of vulnerability and adaptation which should be considered in both scholarship and policy. Using an intersectional framework, I demonstrate how different Māori women and their whānau (families) live, cope with, and adapt to the embodied physical and emotional health effects of climate change in radically different ways because of their subject positionings, even though they belong to the same community, hapū (sub-tribe), or iwi (tribe). In underlining these heterogenous experiences, I provide an avenue for reconsidering how climate adaptation scholarship, policies, and practices might better engage with the complex, amorphous realities within Māori and other Indigenous communities. I argue it is possible to develop more inclusive, tailored, and sustainable adaptation that considers divergent vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities within Indigenous communities, groups, and societies and supports customised vulnerability-reduction strategies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gilchrist E, Johnson A, McMurran M, Stephens-Lewis D, Kirkpatrick S, Gardner B, Easton C, Gilchrist G. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel to design an intervention for partner abusive men in drug and alcohol treatment. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:191. [PMID: 34711276 PMCID: PMC8551949 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to establish what core elements were required in a group therapy programme for men who disclose perpetrating intimate partner abuse in a substance use setting and develop, and test the feasibility of delivering an intervention in this setting. Methods We describe the theoretical development and feasibility testing of an integrated substance use and intimate partner abuse intervention (‘ADVANCE’) for delivery in substance use services. We employed a comprehensive eight-stage process to guide this development applying the ‘COM-B’ (‘capability’, ‘opportunity’, ‘motivation’ and ‘behaviour’) model for intervention design which specifies the following: (1) define the problem, (2) select the target behaviour, (3) specify the target behaviour, (4) identify what needs to change, (5) identify intervention functions, (6) identify policy categories, (7) select behaviour change techniques, and (8) design a mode of delivery. The development was informed by primary research conducted by the authors, consulting with organisation steering groups and by those with personal experiences. The identified targets for intervention and mode and method of delivery were then refined over 4 intervention development meetings, using the nominal group technique with the ADVANCE experts, then further refined following consultation with service user groups and wider expert groups via a learning alliance meetings. Results Our final intervention, the ADVANCE intervention consisted of a group intervention comprising of up to four pre-group individual interviews, followed by 12 × 2-h group sessions supported by integrated safety work for victim/survivors, and risk and safety support and integrity support for the professionals. The main targets for change were personal goal planning, self-regulation, and attitudes and beliefs supporting intimate partner abuse. The intervention was regarded as very acceptable to both staff and clients in substance use services, with group attendees reported positive behaviour changes and development of new skills. Conclusion We have demonstrated the ability to employ a structured eight-step process to develop an integrated intervention to address substance use-related intimate partner abuse that is acceptable to staff and clients in substance use services. This led to a feasibility study (ISRCTN 79435190) involving 104 men and 30 staff at three different locations across the UK was conducted to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and to refine the content and approach to delivery (BMC Public Health, 21: 980, 2021).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Easton
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA.,Yale Psychiatry, New Haven, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan W. School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26709. [PMID: 34397701 PMCID: PMC8322504 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread wildly across the world. In March of 2020, almost all kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) schools were closed in the United States in an urgent attempt to curb the pandemic in the absence of effective therapeutics or vaccination. Thirteen months since then, schools remain partially closed. Accumulated evidence suggests that children and adolescents are not the primary facilitators of transmission, limiting the restrictive effects of school closures on disease transmission. The negative effects of school closures on K-12 students need to be systematically reviewed. METHODS Following the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes, a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science regarding school closures and its impact on K-12 students was conducted. The primary outcomes included the impact of school closures on the mitigation of the pandemic and the resulting public health concerns of K-12 students. RESULTS Prolonged school closures possessed negative effects on K-12 students' physical, mental, and social well-being and reduced the number of health and social workers, hindering the reopening of the country. CONCLUSIONS School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. A safe reopening of all K-12 schools in the United States should be of top priority.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mazza M, Marano G, Lai C, Janiri L, Sani G. Danger in danger: Interpersonal violence during COVID-19 quarantine. Psychiatry Res 2020; 289:113046. [PMID: 32387794 PMCID: PMC7190494 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical or sexual violence, emotional abuse and stalking. It is typically experienced by women but can also be experienced by men. During quarantine due to the COVID-19, home risks to become a very dangerous place for victims of domestic violence. METHOD Very recent studies focusing on abusive situations during COVID emergence were identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase. RESULTS During the COVID-19 outbreak people have encountered an invisible and dark enemy and an experience of impotence. Due to the feelings of frustration and agitation, aggression arises with possible transgenerational transmission of trauma and violence. CONCLUSIONS Especially during quarantine and COVID emergence around the world there is a need of programs aimed to prevent acts of domestic violence and to achieve accurate assessment of multiple domains of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual) provided by trained multidisciplinary staffs (including psychiatrists, psychologists, social and legal services).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mazza
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Corresponding author. Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Dynamic and Clinical Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|