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Li J, Jin Y, Xu S, Luo X, Wilson A, Li H, Wang X, Sun X, Wang Y. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Youth Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Network Analysis. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:278. [PMID: 37717011 PMCID: PMC10504753 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have frequently reported a high prevalence of co-occurring anxiety and depression among people who experienced stressful events in childhood. However, few have noted the symptomatic relationship of this comorbidity among childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors. Therefore, this study's objectives were as follows: (1) to examine the relationship across symptoms between anxiety and depression among CSA survivors; (2) to compare differences between male and female network structures among CSA survivors. METHODS A total of 63 Universities and Colleges in Jilin Province, China, covered 96,218 participants in this study, a sub-set data of which met the criteria of CSA was analyzed with the network analysis. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), measured CSA. Anxiety was measured by the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The sex difference between anxiety and depression among CSA survivors was compared. RESULTS 3,479 college students reported the experience of CSA (CTQ-SF total scores ≥ 8), with a prevalence of 3.62% (95% CI: 3.50-3.73%). Among CSA survivors, control worry, sad mood, and energy were central and bridge symptoms of the anxiety and depression network. Meanwhile, male CSA survivors appeared to have a stronger correlation between guilt and suicide, but female CSA survivors seemed to have a stronger correlation between control worry and suicide. Moreover, the edge of control worry-relax-afraid was stronger in the male network, while the edge of restless-relax was stronger in the female network. CONCLUSION Control worry, sad mood, and energy are crucial to offer targeted treatment and to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms for CSA survivors. Guilt needs more attention for male CSA survivors, while control worry remains more important for female CSA survivors to reduce suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shicun Xu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Department of Population, Resources, and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- China Center for Aging Studies and Social-Economic Development, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xianyu Luo
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Hui Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Population, Resources, and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Žukauskienė R, Bakaitytė A, Kaniušonytė G, Segal A, Ustinavičiūtė-Klenauskė L, Santtila P. The lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse assessed in young adults in Lithuania. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 138:106061. [PMID: 36708656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the prevalence of different types of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in Lithuania focusing on how these experiences were related to victim's age and relationship to the perpetrator. METHODS The participants came from a representative household survey of youth aged 18-29 and the sample consisted of 2000 participants (47.7 % women) with a mean age of 23.9 years (SD = 3.6). The ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Retrospective version (ICAST-R, Dunne et al., 2009) for young adults was used to investigate childhood exposure to CSA. Both current sociodemographic information and information on circumstances during childhood (e.g., number of siblings, family members with whom the participant lived between 7 and 12 year of age) were collected. RESULTS The prevalence of any CSA experience before the age of 18 was 15.9 %, with higher rates for women (13.5 % and 18.5 % for men and women, respectively). Being spoken to in a sexual way or sexual things being written about the person was the most prevalent form of CSA. In contrast, number of victims that reported sexual intercourse was much lower. The most common type of perpetrator was another young person. Intrafamilial CSA was rare with higher risk in step-relationships. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides representative prevalence estimates of the CSA in a region for which such estimates were not previously available. These Lithuanian estimates correspond well with previous literature. Importantly, the findings point to peers being an important perpetrator group in CSA cases. This and other findings can inform the planning of relevant policy measures and actions to both prevent CSA and investigate cases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Žukauskienė
- Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT 08303, Lithuania.
| | - Aistė Bakaitytė
- Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT 08303, Lithuania
| | - Goda Kaniušonytė
- Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT 08303, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandr Segal
- Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT 08303, Lithuania
| | | | - Pekka Santtila
- Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT 08303, Lithuania; New York University Shanghai, 1555 Shiji Blvd, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, China
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Ladis I, Abrams D, Calkins C. Differential Associations between Guilt and Shame Proneness and Religious Coping Styles in a Diverse Sample of Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP670-NP697. [PMID: 35324358 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Positive religious coping is linked with better mental health outcomes following physical and sexual abuse while negative religious coping is associated with poorer outcomes. Religious coping styles may be linked with dispositional tendencies to experience guilt or shame. This study compared the associations between guilt and shame proneness and religious coping styles and tested whether abuse history moderated these relationships. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 425 college students (n = 145 with physical and/or sexual abuse history, n = 280 with no abuse history). Participants completed questionnaires assessing positive and negative religious coping style, as well as two dimensions of guilt proneness and shame proneness. Structural equation models were fitted to examine associations between guilt proneness and shame proneness, and positive and negative religious coping, respectively, accounting for abuse history as a binary moderator. Across the full sample, positive religious coping was positively associated with guilt repair (i.e., the tendency to engage in reparative behaviors following one's wrongdoing), guilt negative behavior evaluation (i.e., the tendency to feel bad about how one acted in a given scenario), and shame withdrawal (i.e., the tendency to try and avoid unpleasant situations in which one has done something wrong), and negatively associated with shame negative self-evaluation (i.e., the tendency to make internal, negative self-attributions about one's wrongdoing). Negative religious coping was positively associated with shame withdrawal and, for participants with no abuse history, shame negative self-evaluation. Results suggest that positive religious coping is more closely related to guilt proneness, and negative religious coping to shame proneness. Additional research with longitudinal designs and more defined abuse history subgroups is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Ladis
- Department of Psychology, 2358University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dylan Abrams
- Department of Psychology, 217454John Jay College of Criminal Justice/City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Calkins
- Department of Psychology, 217454John Jay College of Criminal Justice/City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
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Tao Y, Yu H, Liu S, Wang C, Yan M, Sun L, Chen Z, Zhang L. Hope and depression: the mediating role of social support and spiritual coping in advanced cancer patients. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:345. [PMID: 35585529 PMCID: PMC9118659 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common mental disorder in patients with advanced cancer, which may lead to poor prognosis and low survival rate. This study aims to explore the serial multiple mediating roles of social support and spiritual coping between hope and depression among patients with advanced cancer. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in China between May and August 2020. A total of 442 advanced cancer patients were investigated by the following self-reported questionnaires: Herth Hope Index (HHI), Spiritual Coping Questionnaire (SCQ, Chinese version), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS Depression was negatively correlated with hope, social support, and positive spiritual coping (P < 0.01), and positively correlated with negative spiritual coping (P < 0.01). Hope explained 16.0% of the variance in depression. Bootstrap analyses of the hope--social support--positive spiritual coping--depression showed that there were direct [B = -0.220, 95%CI(- 0.354, - 0.072)] and indirect effects of hope on depression mediated solely by social support [B = -0.122, 95%CI(- 0.200, - 0.066)] and positive spiritual coping [B = -0.112, 95%CI(- 0.217,-0.025)], or by both together [B = -0.014, 95%CI(- 0.038,-0.003)]. Similarly, the hope--social support--negative spiritual coping--depression showed that there were direct [B = -0.302, 95%CI(- 0.404, - 0.190)] and indirect effects of hope on depression mediated solely by social support [B = -0.126, 95%CI(- 0.205, - 0.071)] and negative spiritual coping [B = -0.033, 95%CI(- 0.080,-0.002)], or by both together [B = -0.010, 95%CI(- 0.030,-0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS This study proves the hypothesis that social support and spiritual coping play intermediary roles between hope and depression. Interventions established through hope, social support and spiritual coping can effectively prevent depression from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Tao
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Health Management Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Huazheng Yu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Health Management Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Suting Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Mi Yan
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Health Management Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Li Sun
- Health Management Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zongtao Chen
- Health Management Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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