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Lim H, Jani NDB, Pang WT, Lim ECW. Community-based exercises improve health status in pre-frail older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:589. [PMID: 38987690 PMCID: PMC11234756 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-frailty is associated with increased healthcare utilization. Over the past decade, public health interventions such as community-based exercises to target pre-frailty have been increasingly studied. However, the effects of community-based exercises on clinical outcome measures amongst community-dwelling older adults with pre-frailty remain unclear. This review aims to better understand the effects of community-based exercise on physical function, cognition, quality of life and frailty status in community-dwelling pre-frail older adults. A secondary objective was to investigate the optimal exercise parameters on clinical outcomes. METHODS Searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were conducted. Articles were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and excluded if the participants consist of less than 50% pre-frail community-dwelling older adults. Meta-analyses (where possible) with either a fixed- or random- effect(s) model, standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR) and tests of heterogeneity were performed. Multivariable meta-regression was performed to identify predictors of statistically significant outcome measures. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. RESULTS Twenty-two RCTs with 900 participants in the experimental group and 1015 participants in the control group were included. When compared to minimal intervention, community-based exercises significantly improved lower limb strength (10 RCTs, 384 participants in the experimental group and 482 participants in the control group) with SMD 0.67 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.04), and lower limb function (5 RCTs, 120 participants in the experimental group and 219 participants in the control group) with SMD 0.27 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.51). Those who have received community-based exercises were more likely to reverse from pre-frailty to healthy state (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.51) (6 RCTs, 263 participants in the experimental group and 281 participants in the control group). The frequency of exercise sessions was a significant predictor of the effect size for gait speed (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Community-based exercise intervention is superior to minimal intervention for improving health status in pre-frail older adults. This has implications on the implementation of community-based exercise intervention by healthcare providers and policymakers. OTHER Nil funding for this review. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022348556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Lim
- New Hope Community Services, Yishun, Singapore
| | | | | | - Edwin Choon Wyn Lim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Dover, Singapore.
- Active Global Home and Community Care, 51 Goldhill Plaza, #12-11, Novena, 308900, Singapore.
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2
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Hoshi H, Kobayashi M, Hirata Y, Fukasawa K, Ichikawa S, Shigihara Y. Decreased beta-band activity in left supramarginal gyrus reflects cognitive decline: Evidence from a large clinical dataset in patients with dementia. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6214-6226. [PMID: 37791985 PMCID: PMC10619364 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major concern in clinical medicine. It is usually evaluated with neuropsychological assessments, which have inherent limitations. To compensate for them, magnetoencephalography has already come into clinical use to evaluate the level of cognitive impairment. It evaluates global changes in the frequency of resting-state brain activity, which are associated with cognitive status. However, it remains unclear what neural mechanism causes the frequency changes. To understand this, it is important to identify cortical regions that mainly contribute to these changes. We retrospectively analysed the clinical records from 310 individuals with cognitive impairment who visited the outpatient department at our hospital. The analysis included resting-state magnetoencephalography, neuropsychological assessment, and clinical diagnosis data. Regional oscillatory intensities were estimated from the magnetoencephalography data, which were statistically analysed, along with neuropsychological assessment scores, and the severity of cognitive impairment associated with clinical diagnosis. The regional oscillatory intensity covering a wide range of regions and frequencies was significantly associated with neuropsychological assessment scores and differed between healthy individuals and patients with cognitive impairment. However, these associations and differences in all conditions were overlapped by a single change in beta frequency in the left supramarginal gyrus. High frequency oscillatory intensity in the left supramarginal gyrus is associated with cognitive impairment levels among patients who were concerned about dementia. It provides new insights into cognitive status measurements using magnetoencephalography, which is expected to develop as an objective index to be used alongside traditional neuropsychological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Hoshi
- Precision Medicine CentreHokuto HospitalObihiro CityHokkaidoJapan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Precision Medicine CentreKumagaya General HospitalKumagaya CitySaitamaJapan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- Department of NeurosurgeryKumagaya General HospitalKumagaya CitySaitamaJapan
| | - Keisuke Fukasawa
- Clinical LaboratoryKumagaya General HospitalKumagaya CitySaitamaJapan
| | - Sayuri Ichikawa
- Clinical LaboratoryKumagaya General HospitalKumagaya CitySaitamaJapan
| | - Yoshihito Shigihara
- Precision Medicine CentreHokuto HospitalObihiro CityHokkaidoJapan
- Precision Medicine CentreKumagaya General HospitalKumagaya CitySaitamaJapan
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3
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Nakamagoe K, Matsumoto S, Touno N, Tateno I, Koganezawa T. Saccadic oscillations as a biomarker of clinical symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:2787-2793. [PMID: 36872386 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among eye movements in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we identified the characteristics of square-wave jerks (SWJs) seen during times without visual fixation (VF) and analyzed their relationships with clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical symptoms were evaluated and eye movements were tested using electronystagmography in 15 patients with ALS (10 men, 5 women; mean age, 66.9 ± 10.5 years). SWJs with and without VF were recorded, and their characteristics were identified. Relationships between each SWJ parameter and clinical symptoms were evaluated. Results were compared with eye movement data from 18 healthy individuals. RESULTS The frequency of SWJs without VF was significantly higher in the ALS group than in the healthy group (P < 0.001). When the condition was changed from VF to no-VF in the ALS group, the frequency of SWJs was significantly higher in healthy subjects (P = 0.004). A positive correlation was seen between frequency of SWJs and percentage predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) (R = 0.546, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION The frequency of SWJs was higher with VF in healthy people, and was suppressed without VF. In contrast, the frequency of SWJs was not suppressed without VF in ALS patients. This suggests that SWJs without VF have some clinical significance in ALS patients. Moreover, a relationship was noted between the parameters of SWJs without VF in ALS patients and results of pulmonary function tests, suggesting that SWJs during times without VF may offer a clinical parameter of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Nakamagoe
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Shunya Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nozomi Touno
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tateno
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadachika Koganezawa
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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4
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Han M, Kim DY, Leigh JH, Kim MW. Value of the Frontal Assessment Battery Tool for Assessing the Frontal Lobe Function in Stroke Patients. Ann Rehabil Med 2020; 44:261-272. [PMID: 32721991 PMCID: PMC7463112 DOI: 10.5535/arm.19111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the correlation between the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) test, which is used to assess the frontal lobe function, and anatomical lesions as well as the ability of the test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction. METHODS Records of stroke patients undergoing a FAB test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the lesions determined by an imaging study: frontal lobe cortex lesions, frontal subcortical circuit lesions, and other lesions. The FAB scores of the three groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The validity of the FAB test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction was assessed by a comparison with the Computerized Neuropsychological Function Test (CNT) using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficients between the FAB test and MMSE were analyzed further based on the MMSE cutoff score. RESULTS Patients with frontal cortex lesions had significantly lower total and subtest scores according to the FAB test than the other patients. The FAB test correlated better with the CNT than the MMSE, particularly in the executive function and memory domains. A high MMSE score (r=0.435) indicated a lower correlation with the FAB test score than a low MMSE score (r=0.714). CONCLUSION The FAB test could differentiate frontal lobe lesions from others in stroke patients and showed a good correlation with the CNT. Moreover, the FAB test can be used in patients with high MMSE scores to detect frontal lobe dysfunction and determine the treatment strategies for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyang Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon Hospital of Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Incheon, Korea
| | - Da-Ye Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ja-Ho Leigh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon Hospital of Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min-Wook Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
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5
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Abrahámová M, Smolejová E, Dančík D, Pribišová K, Heretik A, Hajdúk M. Normative data for the Slovak version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:273-278. [PMID: 32297814 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1748031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a well-established screening measure of frontal lobe pathology. The aim of this study is the development of normative data for healthy Slovak adults. The final sample consisted of 487 healthy adults (54% of them female). The mean age in our sample was M = 55.29 (SD = 19.96). For the whole sample, the mean score on the FAB was 16.46 and the SD was 1.64. The mean score on the MMSE for the whole sample was 28.39 and the SD was 1.43. All participants underwent a complex neuropsychological examination spanning the relevant cognitive domains. FAB scores were found to be negatively associated with age (rs = -0.464, p < 0.001) and positively associated with years of education (rs = 0.199, p < 0.001). FAB scores positively correlated with the performance in MMSE (rs = 0.266, p < 0.001). Statistically significant and theoretically meaningful associations to other neuropsychological tests used in this study suggested the adequate convergent validity of the Slovak version of the FAB. The present study provided accurate normative FAB data, which can be used for clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Abrahámová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Smolejová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Dančík
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Pribišová
- Neurological Clinic of SHU, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Heretik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hajdúk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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6
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Nakamagoe K, Yamada S, Kawakami R, Koganezawa T, Tamaoka A. Abnormal Saccadic Intrusions with Alzheimer's Disease in Darkness. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:293-301. [PMID: 30854969 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190311102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classified as saccadic intrusions, Square-Wave Jerks (SWJs) have been observed during Visual Fixation (VF) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the pathological significance of this phenomenon remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study analyzed the characteristics of SWJs in patients with AD with their eyes open in the dark without VF. METHODS Fifteen patients with AD and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were investigated and compared. Saccadic intrusions with and without VF were detected as SWJs and measured using an electronystagmogram. RESULTS No significant difference in the frequency of SWJs was observed between control and AD groups with VF, but significantly more SWJs were observed in the AD group than in the control group in the absence of VF (p<0.01). In the control group, the frequency of SWJs was significantly higher with VF as compared to without VF. Conversely, the frequency in the AD group was significantly higher without VF. Furthermore, a directly proportional relationship was observed between the frequency of SWJs and higher-order function (R>0.55) in the AD group. CONCLUSION SWJs without VF may have pathological significance in AD. In healthy individuals, SWJs are generated by VF and suppressed without VF. Conversely, in AD, SWJs are generated rather than suppressed in the absence of VF. These pathognomonic SWJs without VF also appear to be correlated with higher-order dysfunction, reflecting AD-related cortical damage. These findings suggest that pathological SWJs without VF observed in AD derive from cortical damage and may constitute an important marker of a higher-order function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Nakamagoe
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rio Kawakami
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadachika Koganezawa
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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7
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Goh WY, Chan D, Ali NB, Chew AP, Chuo A, Chan M, Lim WS. Frontal Assessment Battery in Early Cognitive Impairment: Psychometric Property and Factor Structure. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:966-972. [PMID: 31781726 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a reliable and valid bedside tool for testing executive function in dementia. Given the increasing interest in utility of FAB as a screening tool in early cognitive impairment (ECI), there is a surprising lack of studies evaluating its psychometric property and factor structure, nor the influence of factors such as age, education and gender, in ECI. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of FAB in older adults with ECI, as well as the influence of age, gender and education. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This is a retrospective, observational cross-sectional study with 300 community dwelling, predominantly Chinese older adults (14 normal, 130 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 156 mild dementia) who presented to Memory Clinic from January 2011 to December 2013. Measurements and Analysis: We collected data on demographic, cognitive, functional and behavioral evaluation. To examine the psychometric properties of FAB, we examined the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity; internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha; and factor structure by exploratory factor analysis. The influence of age, education and gender was examined using unadjusted and adjusted correlational analyses with CDR-SOB. We performed analysis for the whole group and for MCI subgroup. RESULTS FAB total score decreases significantly from normal to dementia group attesting to concurrent validity. It correlated significantly with digit span backwards and Chinese Mini Mental State Examination (r=0.38 and 0.47 respectively, p<0.01) and poorly with Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire and depression (r=0.004 and -0.02 respectively), supporting its convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analysis yielded a single-factor solution for FAB with fair Internal consistency (alpha=0.610). FAB is relatively unaffected by age, gender and education level. These good psychometric properties extend to MCI, albeit with greater influence by education level. FAB items of conceptualization and mental flexibility have good discriminatory ability between MCI and normal subjects. CONCLUSION FAB has good concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity with fair internal consistency in ECI that is premised on a one-factor structure. It is relatively unaffected by age, gender or education. Taken together, FAB is a useful bedside screening tool for executive function in ECI.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Goh
- Wen Yang Goh, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Annex, Level 2, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Novena, Singapore 308433. Phone: +65-6357-6474; Fax: +65-6359-6294.
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8
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Hurtado-Pomares M, Carmen Terol-Cantero M, Sánchez-Pérez A, Peral-Gómez P, Valera-Gran D, Navarrete-Muñoz EM. The frontal assessment battery in clinical practice: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 28627719 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frontal assessment battery (FAB) is a brief tool designed to evaluate executive function. Some studies have particularly focused on assessing its applicability addressing two issues: first, on detecting the brain regions responsible for the FAB performance, and second, on determining its capability for differential diagnosis. Our aim was to summarize and analyze critically the studies that assessed the neuroanatomical correspondence and the differential diagnostic value of the FAB in several study populations suffering from different pathologies. METHODS We completed a literature search in MEDLINE (via PubMed) database by using the term "frontal assessment battery" and the combination of this term with "applicability" or "use" or "usefulness". The search was limited to articles in English or Spanish languages, published between 1 September 2000 and 30 September 2016, human studies, and journal articles. RESULTS A total of 32 studies met inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies were aimed at identifying the brain regions or the neural substrates involved in executive functions measured by the FAB and 15 studies at verifying that the FAB was an appropriate tool for the differential diagnosis in neurological diseases. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the FAB may be an adequate assessment tool for executive function and may provide useful information for differential diagnosis in several diseases. Given that the FAB takes short time and is easy to administer, its usage may be of great interest as part of a full neuropsychological assessment in clinical settings. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hurtado-Pomares
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Carmen Terol-Cantero
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paula Peral-Gómez
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Desirée Valera-Gran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.,Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
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9
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Matsuoka T, Kato Y, Imai A, Fujimoto H, Shibata K, Nakamura K, Yamada K, Narumoto J. Differences in the neural correlates of frontal lobe tests. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 18:42-48. [PMID: 29372597 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Executive Interview (EXIT25), the executive clock-drawing task (CLOX1), and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) are used to assess executive function at the bedside. These tests assess distinct psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the neural correlates of the EXIT25, CLOX1, and FAB based on magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Fifty-eight subjects (30 with Alzheimer's disease, 10 with mild cognitive impairment, and 18 healthy controls) participated in this study. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the brain regions correlated with the EXIT25, CLOX1, and FAB scores. Age, gender, and years of education were included as covariates. Statistical thresholds were set to uncorrected P-values of 0.001 at the voxel level and 0.05 at the cluster level. RESULTS The EXIT25 score correlated inversely with the regional grey matter volume in the left lateral frontal lobe (Brodmann areas 6, 9, 44, and 45). The CLOX1 score correlated positively with the regional grey matter volume in the right orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 11) and the left supramarginal gyrus (Brodmann area 40). The FAB score correlated positively with the regional grey matter volume in the right precentral gyrus (Brodmann area 6). The left lateral frontal lobe (Brodmann area 9) and the right lateral frontal lobe (Brodmann area 46) were identified as common brain regions that showed association with EXIT25, CLOX1, and FAB based only a voxel-level threshold. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the EXIT25, CLOX1, and FAB may be associated with the distinct neural correlates of the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayu Imai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaeko Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jin Narumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Moreira HS, Costa AS, Castro SL, Lima CF, Vicente SG. Assessing Executive Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Critical Review of Brief Neuropsychological Tools. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:369. [PMID: 29170636 PMCID: PMC5684643 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive function (EF) has been defined as a multifaceted construct that involves a variety of high-level cognitive abilities such as planning, working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibition. Being able to identify deficits in EF is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of several neurodegenerative disorders, and thus their assessment is a topic of much debate. In particular, there has been a growing interest in the development of neuropsychological screening tools that can potentially provide a reliable quick measure of EF. In this review, we critically discuss the four screening tools of EF currently available in the literature: Executive Interview-25 (EXIT 25), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), INECO Frontal Screening (IFS), and FRONTIER Executive Screen (FES). We first describe their features, and then evaluate their psychometric properties, the existing evidence on their neural correlates, and the empirical work that has been conducted in clinical populations. We conclude that the four screening tools generally present appropriate psychometric properties, and are sensitive to impairments in EF in several neurodegenerative conditions. However, more research will be needed mostly with respect to normative data and neural correlates, and to determine the extent to which these tools add specific information to the one provided by global cognition screening tests. More research directly comparing the available tools with each other will also be important to establish in which conditions each of them can be most useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S Moreira
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S Costa
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - São L Castro
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - César F Lima
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Selene G Vicente
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Coen RF, McCarroll K, Casey M, McNulty H, Laird E, Molloy AM, Ward M, Strain JJ, Hoey L, Hughes C, Cunningham CJ. The Frontal Assessment Battery: Normative Performance in a Large Sample of Older Community-Dwelling Hospital Outpatient or General Practitioner Attenders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2016; 29:338-343. [PMID: 27647791 DOI: 10.1177/0891988716666381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a short battery designed to assess frontal executive functioning, but data for interpretation of performance are limited. OBJECTIVES The Trinity, Ulster, Department of Agriculture (TUDA) study provided the opportunity to derive performance data from a large sample of community-dwelling hospital outpatient or general practitioner (GP) attenders. METHODS Normative analysis based on 2508 TUDA participants meeting these criteria: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) >26/30, not depressed (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression <16) or anxious (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale <8), no history of stroke, or transient ischemic attack. Correlation and regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of age, education, gender, and general cognition (MMSE). Norms for FAB were created stratified by age and education, using overlapping midpoint ranges of 10 years with a 3-year interval from age 60 to 97. RESULTS Age and education accounted for 9.6% of variance in FAB score ( r2 = .096) with no significant effect of gender. The FAB and MMSE were modestly correlated ( r = .29, P < .01) with MMSE increasing the model's total explained variance in FAB score from 9.6% to 14%. CONCLUSION This is the largest study to date to create normative data for the FAB. Age and education had the most significant impact on FAB performance, which was largely independent of global cognition (MMSE). These data may be of benefit in interpreting FAB performance in individuals with similar demographic/health status characteristics in hospital outpatient or GP settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Coen
- 1 Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin McCarroll
- 1 Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Casey
- 1 Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helene McNulty
- 2 Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Eamon Laird
- 3 Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne M Molloy
- 3 Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Ward
- 2 Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - J J Strain
- 2 Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Leane Hoey
- 2 Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine Hughes
- 2 Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Conal J Cunningham
- 1 Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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