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Herold CJ, Duval CZ, Schröder J. Autobiographical memory in chronic schizophrenia: A follow-up study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108707. [PMID: 37890662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic schizophrenia is a very disabling disease and patient's social integration remains difficult. One important aspect is autobiographical memory (AM) as it is impaired in schizophrenia and highly correlated to patient's outcome, since its closely linked to self and identity. Reduced specificity and lack of details are characteristics of patients' AM, but its longitudinal course in schizophrenia remains unclear. We examined 21 patients who underwent our protocol twice with an interval of 7 years. AM was assessed using a semi-structured interview, covering four periods of life and addressing semantic knowledge and autobiographical episodes as well as their details. The results can be divided into three parts, separating semantic memories, specific autobiographical memories and details describing the latter. While a significant deterioration of semantic AM over time could be revealed, the specificity of the free recalled autobiographical episodes remained rather stable - albeit on a low level. In contrast, unique events were remembered with significantly less details at follow-up than at the first examination. While floor-effects given a relatively small number of unique events have to be considered, semantic AM and episodic details seem to be a valuable target for AM remediation given their further deterioration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Herold
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Céline Z Duval
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wu J, He Y, Liang S, Liu Z, Huang J, Tao J, Chen L, Chan CCH, Lee TMC. Computerized Cognitive Training Enhances Episodic Memory by Down-Modulating Posterior Cingulate-Precuneus Connectivity in Older Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:820-832. [PMID: 37169709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neural mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of a computerized cognitive training (CCT) program for improving episodic memory in older persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remain unclear. This study aimed to use both functional and structural brain changes to elucidate the treatment effects of CCT on enhancing episodic memory. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Single-blinded, multicenter randomized controlled trial on 60 older adults with MCI in Fuzhou, China. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to either an 8-week 24-hour CCT program or a health education program as the control. MEASUREMENTS Clinical outcomes included changes in scores on the immediate and/or delayed recall subtests of the Chinese auditory verbal learning test (CAVLT) and rey complex figure test (CFT), and changes in gray matter volume and the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and hippocampus in the Papez circuit on magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Significant group-by-time effects showed greater improvements in both immediate and delayed recall scores of CAVLT and delayed recall scores of Rey CFT in participants receiving the CCT program compared to those in the health education program. Among the CCT participants, seed-based analyses revealed decreases in functional connectivity of the PCC and hippocampus with neural substrates in the parietal and occipital regions. The decreased PCC and precuneus connectivity were found to mediate patients' improvements in immediate recall function. CONCLUSION An 8-week CCT program was effective for improving episodic memory in older individuals with MCI. The decrease in connectivity originating from the PCC and hippocampus is suggestive of potential plastic changes in the Papez circuit, which could have alleviated the age-related compensatory mechanism. The findings of this study also shed light on expanding the content and extending the frequency and duration of the CCT program in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine (JW, YH, JH), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; The Academy of Rehabilitation Industry (JW, YH, SL, ZL), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation of Fujian Province (JW, YH, SL, ZL, JH), Fuzhou, China
| | - Youze He
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine (JW, YH, JH), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; The Academy of Rehabilitation Industry (JW, YH, SL, ZL), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation of Fujian Province (JW, YH, SL, ZL, JH), Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- The Academy of Rehabilitation Industry (JW, YH, SL, ZL), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation of Fujian Province (JW, YH, SL, ZL, JH), Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- The Academy of Rehabilitation Industry (JW, YH, SL, ZL), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation of Fujian Province (JW, YH, SL, ZL, JH), Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine (JW, YH, JH), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation of Fujian Province (JW, YH, SL, ZL, JH), Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology (JT), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology (LC), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology (JT), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology (LC), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Department of Psychology (CCHC), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences (TMCL), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience (TMCL), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Trzebiński J, Czarnecka JZ, Cabański M. The impact of the narrative mindset on effectivity in social problem solving. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253729. [PMID: 34197508 PMCID: PMC8248729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The narrative mindset is a tendency to interpret social information in the frame of stories. Two experiments were conducted to determine if and why the narrative mindset increases social problem-solving effectivity. The experiments consisted of two parts: the experimental manipulation (inducing the narrative mindset or control condition) and the observation of effects. In the second part, presented as a separate study, a participant was asked to advise other people facing interpersonal problems (experiment 1) or emotional problems (experiment 2). Three pairs of coders judged each piece of advice independently on three scales: Effectivity of the advice, empathy, and personalization (using their own experiences in providing the advice). The results indicate that the narrative mindset increases empathy, supported by the co-occurring increase in the problem's personalization, which leads to higher effectivity. The results reveal the positive real-life implications of structuring social information within a story frame. It may encourage the introduction of the narrative mindset effects into an area of social cognition research. Finally, the experiments show that the narrative mindset may be activated experimentally, providing an effective instrument to test the impact of narrative knowledge on social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Trzebiński
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Mazowsze, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zuzanna Czarnecka
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Mazowsze, Poland
| | - Maciej Cabański
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Mazowsze, Poland
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