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Attéré SA, Gagné-Thivierge C, Paquet VE, Leduc GR, Vincent AT, Charette SJ. Aeromonas salmonicida isolates from Canada demonstrate wide distribution and clustering among mesophilic strains. Genome 2023; 66:108-115. [PMID: 36780641 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2022-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
All the 36 known species to date of the genus Aeromonas are mesophilic except the species Aeromonas salmonicida, which includes both psychrophilic and mesophilic subspecies. For 20 years, more and more mesophilic A. salmonicida strains have been discovered. Only A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica has officially been classified as a mesophilic subspecies. Most mesophiles have been isolated in hot countries. We present, for the first time, the characterization of two new mesophilic isolates from Quebec (Canada). Phenotypic and genomic characterizations were carried out on these strains, isolated from dead fish from a fish farm. Isolates 19-K304 and 19-K308 are clearly mesophiles, virulent to the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a surrogate host, and close to strain Y577, isolated in India. To our knowledge, this is the first time that mesophilic strains isolated from different countries are so similar. The major difference between the isolates is the presence of plasmid pY47-3, a cryptic plasmid that sometimes presents in mesophilic strains. More importantly, our extensive phylogenetic analysis reveals two well-defined clades of mesophilic strains with psychrophiles associated with one of these clades. This helps to have a better understanding of the evolution of this species and the apparition of psychrophilic subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A Attéré
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cynthia Gagné-Thivierge
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Valérie E Paquet
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle R Leduc
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Antony T Vincent
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Département des sciences animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, 2425, rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steve J Charette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Lodha L, Bose R, Khadanga S, Purwar S. Aeromonas salmonicida urinary tract infection in a newly diagnosed AIDS patient on antitubercular treatment. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e247628. [PMID: 35609930 PMCID: PMC9131103 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is a well-known pathogen in salmonid fishes. It was believed to be non-pathogenic to humans because of inability to grow at 37°C. Here we present a case of a woman in her 20s who was diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis 6 months previously but had not been compliant with the treatment. She presented with occasional febrile episodes, whitish vaginal discharge, burning micturition, anal ulcer, whitish discharge from mouth and recent onset breathlessness. Patient tested serologically positive for HIV-1, and A. salmonicida was isolated from urine sample. Patient was treated with antituberculosis therapy, antiretroviral therapy and antimicrobials. She showed marked improvement over the next few weeks. This case highlights the importance of recognition of rare organisms, especially in immunocompromised patients. The identification and subsequent treatment of such pathogens have improved since the advent of automated identification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonika Lodha
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabh Bose
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Khadanga
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shashank Purwar
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Talagrand-Reboul E, Colston SM, Graf J, Lamy B, Jumas-Bilak E. Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Isolates Provide Insight into the Pathoadaptation of Aeromonas. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:535-552. [PMID: 32196086 PMCID: PMC7250499 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonads are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria that cause opportunistic infections in humans, but their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. A pathogenomic approach was undertaken to provide insights into the emergence and evolution of pathogenic traits in aeromonads. The genomes of 64 Aeromonas strains representative of the whole genus were analyzed to study the distribution, phylogeny, and synteny of the flanking sequences of 13 virulence-associated genes. The reconstructed evolutionary histories varied markedly depending on the gene analyzed and ranged from vertical evolution, which followed the core genome evolution (alt and colAh), to complex evolution, involving gene loss by insertion sequence-driven gene disruption, horizontal gene transfer, and paraphyly with some virulence genes associated with a phylogroup (aer, ser, and type 3 secretion system components) or no phylogroup (type 3 secretion system effectors, Ast, ExoA, and RtxA toxins). The general pathogenomic overview of aeromonads showed great complexity with diverse evolution modes and gene organization and uneven distribution of virulence genes in the genus; the results provided insights into aeromonad pathoadaptation or the ability of members of this group to emerge as pathogens. Finally, these findings suggest that aeromonad virulence-associated genes should be examined at the population level and that studies performed on type or model strains at the species level cannot be generalized to the whole species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Talagrand-Reboul
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, University of Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie M Colston
- US Naval Research Laboratory, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, University of Montpellier, France.,Département de Bactériologie, CHU de Nice and Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, University of Montpellier, France.,Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU de Montpellier, France
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Vincent AT, Hosseini N, Charette SJ. The Aeromonas salmonicida plasmidome: a model of modular evolution and genetic diversity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1488:16-32. [PMID: 33040386 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput genomic sequencing has helped to reveal the plasmidome of Aeromonas salmonicida. This literature review provides an overview of A. salmonicida's rich plasmidome by presenting all the plasmids identified so far, addressing their biological importance and the functional links between them. The plasmids of A. salmonicida, especially those bearing antibiotic resistance genes, can provide clues about interactions of this species with other pathogens (animals and humans), as is the case for pRAS3-3432 and Chlamydia suis or pSN254b and Salmonella enterica. In addition to antibiotic resistance, plasmids play an important role in the virulence of A. salmonicida, particularly for the subspecies salmonicida and the plasmid pAsa5, which carries genes for the type-three secretion system, a virulence factor essential for the bacterium. The A. salmonicida plasmidome also has many cryptic plasmids with no known biological function, but which can be used for the acquisition of new genetic elements. Striking examples are pAsa7 and pAsaXII that provide, respectively, resistance to chloramphenicol and formaldehyde and are derivatives of cryptic pAsa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony T Vincent
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nava Hosseini
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steve J Charette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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A Mesophilic Aeromonas salmonicida Strain Isolated from an Unsuspected Host, the Migratory Bird Pied Avocet. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120592. [PMID: 31757113 PMCID: PMC6955901 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is a Gram-negative bacterium, known as a fish pathogen since its discovery. Although the species was initially considered psychrophilic, a mesophilic subspecies (pectinolytica) and many other mesophilic strains still not attributed to subspecies have been described in the last two decades. These mesophilic strains were sampled from various sources, including humans, and some of them are known to be pathogenic. In this study, we describe a strain, JF2480, which was isolated from the spleen, and also found the kidney and liver of a dead pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), a type of migratory bird inhabiting aquatic environments. A core genome phylogenomic analysis suggests that JF2480 is taxonomically distant from other known A. salmonicida subspecies. The genome sequence confirms that the strain possesses key virulence genes that are present in the typical A. salmonicida psychrophilic subspecies, with the exception of the genes encoding the type three secretion system (T3SS). Bacterial virulence assays conducted on the surrogate host Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba confirmed that the strain is virulent despite the lack of T3SS. Bacterial growth curves showed that strain JF2480 grow well at 40 °C, the body temperature of the pied avocet, and even faster at 41 °C, compared to other mesophilic strains. Discovery of this strain further demonstrates the extent of the phylogenomic tree of this species. This study also suggests that A. salmonicida can infect a wider array of hosts than previously suspected and that we need to rethink the way we perceive A. salmonicida's natural environment.
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Song P, Deng J, Hou T, Fu X, Zhang L, Sun L, Liu Y. Aeromonas sobria peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:180. [PMID: 31109291 PMCID: PMC6528350 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peritonitis is a common cause of catheter removal and mortality in the patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Various pathogenic organisms have been identified as the etiology of PD-related peritonitis, among which Aeromonas sobria is a rare one. Several studies have indicated that Aeromonas sobria might be of particular clinical significance because of its enterotoxin production. We here present a case of peritonitis due to Aeromonas sobria in a PD patient and review of the related literature. Case presentation A 37-year-old man with chronic renal failure who was secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis had been on PD for approximately 6 months without any episode of peritonitis. In July 2015, he was admitted to the hospital for fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and cloudy dialysate several hours after eating stinky tofu. The peritoneal effluent culture yielded Aeromonas sobria. The patient was given intraperitoneal amikacin and intravenous levofloxacin for 10 days. And the patient’s symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain were relieved and the cloudy effluent turned to be clear. Unfortunately, peritoneal dialysis catheter was blocked because of fibrin clot formation in the setting of inflammation, and finally it was removed. Conclusions Aeromonas species are rare causes of PD-related peritonitis, however they should not be ignored. Clinicians should be aware of monitoring the hygiene protocol and retraining patients at regular intervals, especially for such rare cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panai Song
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Oncology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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7
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Investigation of the virulence and genomics of Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from human patients. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 68:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yu X, Yang X, Huang N. Management of a rapidly growing peritoneal dialysis population at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Perit Dial Int 2015; 34 Suppl 2:S31-4. [PMID: 24962960 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing a rapidly growing peritoneal dialysis program with more than 1000 patients involves multiple challenges, labor constraints, logistics, and excessive geographic distance. This paper describes how Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, manages those issues, while simultaneously improving quality of the care and, subsequently, clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Naya Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, PR China
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Lin WT, Su SY, Lai CC, Tsai TC, Gau SJ, Chao CM. Peritonitis caused by Aeromonas species at a hospital in southern Taiwan. Intern Med 2013; 52:2517-21. [PMID: 24240790 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with Aeromonas peritonitis, particularly secondary peritonitis. METHODS Patients with Aeromonas peritonitis treated between July 2004 and December 2011 were identified from the computerized database of a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS A total of 50 patients with Aeromonas peritonitis were identified. Nine cases were classified as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and 41 cases were classified as secondary peritonitis. The most common etiology of secondary peritonitis was acute appendicitis (n=26), followed by small bowel perforation (n=7) and colon perforation (n=6). The patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were more likely to be immunocompromised (p=0.0013) and more frequently had an initial presentation of shock (p=0.0129), an abnormal liver function (p<0.05) and concomitant bacteremia (p=0.0024) than the patients with secondary peritonitis. Although the patients with secondary peritonitis had higher levels of inflammatory parameters, including leukocytes and C-reactive protein, and more frequent polymicrobial infections, their survival outcome rates, such as in-hospital mortality, were significantly lower (p=0.0007). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20%, and initial shock was the only independent prognostic factor for mortality (p=0.012). CONCLUSION The clinical characteristics, including outcomes, of patients with spontaneous and secondary Aeromonas peritonitis differ. In-hospital mortality is significantly associated with the initial presentation of shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Taiwan
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the genus Aeromonas has undergone a number of significant changes of practical importance to clinical microbiologists and scientists alike. In parallel with the molecular revolution in microbiology, several new species have been identified on a phylogenetic basis, and the genome of the type species, A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, has been sequenced. In addition to established disease associations, Aeromonas has been shown to be a significant cause of infections associated with natural disasters (hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes) and has been linked to emerging or new illnesses, including near-drowning events, prostatitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Despite these achievements, issues still remain regarding the role that Aeromonas plays in bacterial gastroenteritis, the extent to which species identification should be attempted in the clinical laboratory, and laboratory reporting of test results from contaminated body sites containing aeromonads. This article provides an extensive review of these topics, in addition to others, such as taxonomic issues, microbial pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance markers.
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