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Cheng XBJ, Bargman J. Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis Part II: Nonmechanical Complications. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:791-799. [PMID: 38190143 PMCID: PMC11168822 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of KRT that offers flexibility and autonomy to patients with ESKD. It is associated with lower costs compared with hemodialysis in many countries. Unlike mechanical complications that typical arise early in the course of treatment, noninfectious, nonmechanical complications often present late in patients who are established on PD. In this review, we first discuss abnormal-appearing drained dialysate, including hemoperitoneum, chyloperitoneum, and noninfectious cloudy dialysate. The underlying cause is frequently unrelated to PD. We then discuss encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, a rare complication of PD. Finally, we review metabolic changes associated with PD and methods to mitigate its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bo Justin Cheng
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne Bargman
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Matsuo H, Katayama K, Hayasaki A, Iizawa Y, Endo M, Murata T, Mizuno S, Dohi K. Biliary peritonitis due to liver cyst rupture in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:267. [PMID: 34167461 PMCID: PMC8223295 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent genetic kidney disease and polycystic liver disease is its major extrarenal manifestation, however biliary peritonitis due to a liver cyst rupture is extremely rare. Case presentation The patient was a 71-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed with ADPKD 3 years previously and developed right abdominal pain suddenly 1 month previously. As abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a ruptured liver cyst in the right lobe, she was admitted to our hospital. Her symptoms improved with conservative management and she was discharged from the hospital after 1 week. Although she was asymptomatic for a while, she noticed abdominal distension and general malaise at 1 month after hospital discharge. Since abdominal CT showed massive ascites, she was admitted to our hospital again. A physical examination revealed abdominal distention without tenderness. Her serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, and CA19-9 were elevated. Abdominal paracentesis revealed amber transparent ascites and the bilirubin and CA19-9 concentrations were high. She was diagnosed with biliary peritonitis due to a ruptured liver cyst. Hemodialysis treatment was initiated with drainage of the ascites. The outflow of the ascites was no tendency to decrease and drip infusion cholangiography (DIC)-CT revealed a communication between the ruptured cyst and an intrahepatic bile duct. On day 31, she was transferred to a university hospital and abdominal surgery was performed. After removing the necrotic roof of the ruptured cyst on the right liver lobe, the orifice of the bile leakage was sutured. Cholecystectomy was performed and cholangiography showed no stones in the common bile duct. Abdominal CT one month after the operation showed no recurrence of ascites and she was discharged on day 49. Hemodialysis treatment was discontinued immediately after discharge because urine volume increased and her creatinine level decreased. There has been no recurrence of ascites since then.
Conclusions While rare, biliary peritonitis can occur in association with the rupture of a liver cyst in ADPKD patients due to communication between the cyst and the intrahepatic bile duct, and DIC-CT should be recommended when biliary cyst rupture is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuo
- Kidney Center, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Suzuka, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Aoi Hayasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iizawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Endo
- Kidney Center, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Suzuka, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Murata
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shugo Mizuno
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Fine A, Novak C. Hemoperitoneum Due to Carcinomatosis in the Liver of a Capd Patient. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089601600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fine
- Section of Nephrology St. Boniface General Hospital Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chris Novak
- Section of Nephrology St. Boniface General Hospital Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Lew SQ. Hemoperitoneum: Bloody Peritoneal Dialysate in Esrd Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080702700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoperitoneum is seen in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) because the PD catheter provides a window to the peritoneum. Gynecological associated phenomena account for the majority of cases. Intra-abdominal pathology of solid organs such as the kidney, liver, and spleen as well as the gastrointestinal tract is recognized. Unique to PD patients, hemoperitoneum may be associated with the catheter itself, uremic bleeding, or peritonitis. A successful PD program requires nephrologists, PD nurses, and patients assess and manage hemoperitoneum in a systematic fashion. This paper reviews hemoperitoneum in adult PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Q. Lew
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Dozio B, Scanziani R, Rovere G, Sangalli L, Sacerdoti S, Surian M. Hemoperitoneum in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient caused by a hepatocarcinoma treated with percutaneous embolization. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38:E11. [PMID: 11532713 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2001.26915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemoperitoneum is an infrequent but normally benign complication in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. It can occur at any time during peritoneal dialytic treatment. Hemoperitoneum is not associated with a specific disease and usually disappears spontaneously. In 20% of cases, however, hemoperitoneum is severe and requires specific investigation and emergency therapy. We report a case of hemoperitoneum in a 70-year-old, anti-hepatitic C virus-positive woman. After 48 months of CAPD treatment, a bloody peritoneal effluent developed, with severe anemia (hematocrit decreased from 30% to 20%). An abdominal computed tomography scan showed three hepatic lesions with signs of hepatic neoplasms; selective hepatic arteriography confirmed the diagnosis. Chemoembolization of the three lesions was performed, and hemoperitoneum disappeared within a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dozio
- Renal Unit and Radiology Unit, Desio Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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