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Physical and psychological health at adolescence and home care use later in life. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261078. [PMID: 34879115 PMCID: PMC8654204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the relation between physical and psychological health indicators at adolescence (age 18) and household, personal, and nursing home care use later in life at ages 57–69 years. Methods Using medical examinations on men born in 1944–1947 who were evaluated for military service at age 18 in the Netherlands, we link physical and psychological health assessments to national administrative microdata on the use of home care services at ages 57–69 years. We postulate a panel probit model for home care use over these years. In the analyses, we account for selective survival through correlated panel probit models. Results Poor mental health and being overweight at age 18 are important predictors of later life home care use. Home care use at ages 57–69 years is also highly related to and interacts with father’s socioeconomic status and recruits’ education at age 18. Discussion Specific health characteristics identified at age 18 are highly related to the later utilization of home-care at age 57–69 years. Some characteristics may be amenable to early life health interventions to decrease the future costs of long-term home care.
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Rogers NT, Power C, Pinto Pereira SM. Birthweight, lifetime obesity and physical functioning in mid-adulthood: a nationwide birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:657-665. [PMID: 31218351 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is scant on long-term implications of childhood obesity and body mass index (BMI) gains over the life-course for poor physical functioning (PF). The objective was to establish whether (i) birthweight and BMI across the life-course, (ii) BMI gains at specific life-stages and (iii) age of obesity onset were associated with PF at 50 y. METHODS In the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 8674), BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using height and weight [measured (7, 11, 16, 33 and 45 y); self-reported (23 and 50 y)]. PF was assessed at 50 y using the validated PF subscale of the Short-form 36 survey; the bottom (gender-specific) 10% was classified as poor PF. Missing data were imputed via multiple imputation. Associations were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for health and social factors. RESULTS Birthweight was not associated with PF. At each adult age, odds of poor PF were highest for obese (vs normal), e.g. for 23 y obesity the odds ratio (OR)adjusted for poor PF was 2.28 (1.34, 3.91) and 2.67 (1.72, 4.14) in males and females respectively. BMI gains were associated with poor PF, e.g. for females, ORadjusted per standard deviation (SD) in BMI gain 16-23 y was 1.28 (1.13, 1.46); for BMI gains 45-50 y it was 1.36 (1.11, 1.65). Longer duration of obesity was associated with poor PF, e.g. in males, ORadjusted was 2.32 (1.26, 4.29) for childhood obesity onset and 1.50 (1.16, 1.96) for mid-adulthood onset (vs never obese, P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Obesity, BMI gains, and earlier obesity onset were associated with poor PF in mid-adulthood, reinforcing the importance of preventing and delaying obesity onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Trivedy Rogers
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL, London, UK.,UCL Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Snehal M Pinto Pereira
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL, London, UK.,UCL Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
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Hijji TM, Saleheen H, AlBuhairan FS. Underweight, body image, and weight loss measures among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: is it a fad or is there more going on? Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2020; 8:18-24. [PMID: 33718572 PMCID: PMC7922845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Adolescence is considered to be a pivotal point in which optimum nutrition and eating habits are developed. Although tackling the obesity epidemic has been much discussed, addressing the issue of underweight and body image is often neglected. This study was carried out to get a better understanding of underweight status among adolescents in Saudi Arabia, and exploring self-perceptions of body image and weight loss measures among underweight adolescents. Methods Data from Jeeluna®, a national cross-sectional school-based survey were utilized. Jeeluna® assessed the health status and health-risk behaviors of adolescents in school through data obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, anthropologic measurements, and laboratory investigations. Results A total of 12,463 adolescents participated. Eighteen percent of adolescent males and 12.4% of females were found to be underweight, representing 14.9% of adolescents collectively. Forty-five percent of underweight participants were happy with their weight. Underweight females between the age group of 10 and 14 years were the most likely to believe that they still need to lose weight (16.0%) followed by females aged 15–19 years (9.7%). Underweight females aged 10–14 years were also the group most likely to engage in purging (1.6%). Stepwise logistic regression found that the strongest association with being underweight was with having a lower household income (OR 2.0, CI 1.5–2.7) and having more than 5 siblings (OR 1.8, CI 1.5–2.3). Conclusion Underweight status is prevalent among adolescents in Saudi Arabia and deserves more attention as a public health issue. Distorted body image and disordered eating behaviors exist, necessitating further investigation of underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal M. Hijji
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Saleheen
- National Family Safety Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadia S. AlBuhairan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Aldara Hospital and Medical Center, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Corresponding author. AlDara Hospital and Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Krakovska O, Christie G, Sixsmith A, Ester M, Moreno S. Performance comparison of linear and non-linear feature selection methods for the analysis of large survey datasets. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213584. [PMID: 30897097 PMCID: PMC6428288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large survey databases for aging-related analysis are often examined to discover key factors that affect a dependent variable of interest. Typically, this analysis is performed with methods assuming linear dependencies between variables. Such assumptions however do not hold in many cases, wherein data are linked by way of non-linear dependencies. This in turn requires applications of analytic methods, which are more accurate in identifying potentially non-linear dependencies. Here, we objectively compared the feature selection performance of several frequently-used linear selection methods and three non-linear selection methods in the context of large survey data. These methods were assessed using both synthetic and real-world datasets, wherein relationships between the features and dependent variables were known in advance. In contrast to linear methods, we found that the non-linear methods offered better overall feature selection performance than linear methods in all usage conditions. Moreover, the performance of the non-linear methods was more stable, being unaffected by the inclusion or exclusion of variables from the datasets. These properties make non-linear feature selection methods a potentially preferable tool for both hypothesis-driven and exploratory analyses for aging-related datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krakovska
- Digital Health Hub, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Science and Technology for Aging Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregory Christie
- Digital Health Hub, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Science and Technology for Aging Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Sixsmith
- Digital Health Hub, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Science and Technology for Aging Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Ester
- Department of Computer Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sylvain Moreno
- Digital Health Hub, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Science and Technology for Aging Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
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O'Campo P, Schetter CD, Guardino CM, Vance MR, Hobel CJ, Ramey SL, Shalowitz MU. Explaining racial and ethnic inequalities in postpartum allostatic load: Results from a multisite study of low to middle income woment. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:850-858. [PMID: 29082305 PMCID: PMC5659269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic inequalities in women's health are widely documented, but not for the postpartum period, and few studies examine whether neighborhood, psychosocial, and biological factors explain these gaps in women's health. METHODS Using prospective longitudinal data collected from 1766 low to middle income women between 2008 and 2012 by the Community Child Health Network (CCHN), we tested the extent to which adjustment for neighborhood, economic, psychological, and medical conditions following a birth explained differences between African American, Latina, and White women in an indicator of physiological dysregulation allostatic load (AL), at one year postpartum as measured by 10 biomarkers: Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, Hemoglobin A1c, high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol ratio, and diurnal cortisol. RESULTS Mean postpartum AL scores were 4.65 for African American, 4.57 for Latina and 3.86 for White women. Unadjusted regression estimates for high AL for African American women (with White as the reference) were 0.80 (SD = 0.11) and 0.53 (SD = 0.15) for Latina women. Adjustment for household poverty, neighborhood, stress, and resilience variables resulted in a reduction of 36% of the excess risk in high AL for African Americans versus Whites and 42% of the excess risk for Latinas compared to Whites. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic inequalities in AL were accounted for largely by household poverty with additional contributions by psychological, economic, neighbourhood and medical variables. There remained a significant inequality between African American, and Latina women as compared to Whites even after adjustment for this set of variables. Future research into health inequalities among women should include a fuller consideration of the social determinants of health including employment, housing and prepregnancy medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia O'Campo
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Christine M Guardino
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Calvin J Hobel
- UCLA and Cedar Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Landesman Ramey
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Madeleine U Shalowitz
- NorthShore University Health System and University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
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Martinson ML, Vasunilashorn SM. The long-arm of adolescent weight status on later life depressive symptoms. Age Ageing 2016; 45:389-95. [PMID: 26972594 PMCID: PMC4846792 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND given the increase in worldwide obesity among children and adolescents, the long-term consequences of childhood obesity on the risk of adverse health outcomes in later life has garnered increased attention. Much of the work on earlier life weight status and later life health has focused on cardiovascular-related outcomes in mid- to late-adulthood; however, little is known about the later life mental health consequences of adolescent body weight. METHODS data came from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. We estimated gender-stratified logistic regression models to characterise the relationship between adolescent weight status using standardised relative body mass ascertained from high school photograph portraits in 1957 and depressive symptoms at age 65 using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale measured in 2004. RESULTS women who were overweight in adolescence were significantly more likely to experience depressive symptoms in later adulthood than their normal weight counterparts (odds ratio [OR] = 1.740) when the full set of controls was included. This relationship was not observed among men. The relationship between women's adolescent weight status and later life depressive symptoms was moderated by childhood socioeconomic status, and adolescent overweight was more predictive of later life depressive symptoms for women who were raised in low- and middle-income families (OR = 2.568 and OR = 2.763) than in high-income families (OR = 1.643). CONCLUSION these findings provide further evidence for the wide range of long-term consequences of adolescent overweight on later life well-being and are notable for the gender differences in the connection between early life circumstances and later life mental health.
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