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Laidlaw RJ, McGrath R, Kumar S, Adams C, Murray CM. A qualitative study of a Sporting Memories program in South Australia: belonging, participation, and social connection. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1424080. [PMID: 39139665 PMCID: PMC11319177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1424080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Older people can experience health and social challenges such as loneliness, depression, and lack of social connectedness. There is need for programs and approaches that address the growing incidence of social isolation and loneliness for older people. One initiative that aims to address these challenges is the Sporting Memories program. This program was developed in the United Kingdom and licensed to South Australia in 2019. The program is currently delivered across six community locations. Methods The aim of this study was to explore participants perspectives of the Sporting Memories program in South Australia. Underpinned by qualitative research, three focus groups were conducted, led by an experienced interviewer. Focus groups occurred at three of the six locations, including a day respite center, assisted living center and a government community center. The data were analyzed thematically by the research team. Results There were 16 participants over 65 years old, including four women and 12 men. Three key themes were developed: "free to talk about anything," "not feeling left out" and "a chance to share and learn." Collectively, participants reflected on how they built social connections, felt safe and included and learnt more about each other. Conclusion The Sporting Memories program provides a group program for older people to come together and develop new friendships. The use of sports as a means of reminiscence was considered relatable for the participants who reported social benefits and plans to keep attending. They valued learning through the program which was enhanced by having a facilitator who was knowledgeable about sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolyn M. Murray
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Yousefi Afrashteh M, Majzoobi MR, Janjani P, Forstmeier S. The relationship between the meaning of life, psychological well-being, self-care, and social capital, with depression and death anxiety in the elderly living in nursing homes: The mediating role of loneliness. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30124. [PMID: 38756563 PMCID: PMC11096700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the meaning of life, psychological well-being, self-care, and social capital, with depression and death anxiety in the elderly living in nursing homes through the mediating role of loneliness. The statistical population included all the elderly aged at least 60 years living in Tehran, Qazvin and Zanjan, Iran in 2020, among whom 489 (273 men and 216 women) were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants filled out Steger's Meaning of Life, Ryff and Singer's Psychological Well-Being Scale, Söderhamn et al.'s Self-Care Ability, Nahapiet and Ghoshal's Social capital, Beck's depression, Templer's Death Anxiety, Russell et al.'s Loneliness questionnaires. The results indicated that meaning of life, psychological well-being, self-care, and social capital are negatively associated with loneliness, which in turn, is positively associated to depression. Furthermore, meaning of life, psychological well-being, self-care, and social capital are negatively associated with loneliness, which in turn, is positively associated to death anxiety. Moreover, the results of path analysis revealed that the hypothesized model of the current study has an excellent fit in the study sample. That is, meaning of life, psychological well-being, self-care, and social capital are related to depression and death anxiety through mediating role of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Majzoobi
- Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Parisa Janjani
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Simon Forstmeier
- Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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3
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Cho J, Smith J. Relocation Later in Life and Contact Frequency With Friends: Do Contact Modes Matter? Res Aging 2023; 45:486-497. [PMID: 36112761 PMCID: PMC10011020 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221126103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined changes in the frequencies of in-person, telephone, and written or email contact with friends in older adults who move short or longer distances. 3820 adults aged 50 years or older were included from a nationally representative sample from the Health and Retirement Study. Using ordinal logistic regression, we found differential effects of geographical distances on the in-person, telephone, and write or email contact with friends. Specifically, in-person contact frequency was most sensitive to distance. Telephone contact frequency was only impacted by long-distance moves; however, email contact frequency was not influenced by distance. Findings suggest that the impact of relocation on contact frequency exists even though communication technology gives older adults flexibility in maintaining frequent contact with their friends. We discuss our findings through the lens of socioemotional selective theory and social convoy model. Future studies could examine factors linked to changes in the amount and modes of contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyoung Cho
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacqui Smith
- Department of Psychology, and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Coşkun H, Yildiz I, Alkan Ö. Prevalence and predictors of psychological assistance services for older individuals in Turkish society. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1060845. [PMID: 36684885 PMCID: PMC9846629 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Due to the high contribution of psychological problems to the decline in the comfortable lifestyle of the older individuals, determining the factors that affect individuals' receiving psychological services and searching for solutions based on these factors is one of the primary concerns of national and international decision-makers. This study aimed to identify the factors that affect older individuals' access to psychological assistance services in Turkey. Methods In this study, the Turkish Health Research micro dataset, which was conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) in 2016 and 2019, was employed. In this dataset, the data of 7,252 older individuals were analyzed. Using binary logistic analysis, the factors that are effective for obtaining psychological assistance for the older individuals were identified. Results According to the results of the analysis, factors such as gender, education, general health status, disease status, payment of health expenditures, and body mass index affected older individuals who received psychological assistance. Conclusion In recent years, there has been a rise in the availability of psychological assistance services for the older individuals. By identifying factors that increase the likelihood of receiving psychological assistance services, this study is expected to contribute to the creation and regulation of psychological assistance services to prevent possible psychological problems that may occur in old age, minimize the problems experienced by individuals, and promote a more comfortable lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Coşkun
- Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yildiz
- Department of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Dotti Sani GM, Molteni F, Sarti S. Boys Do Cry: Age and Gender Differences in Psycho-Physiological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 18:931-956. [PMID: 36405033 PMCID: PMC9664431 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This article contributes to the quality of life literature by investigating gender and age gaps in psycho-physiological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Specifically, we investigate whether women experienced higher levels of distress than men, and if such gap can be explained by a greater negative reaction of women in the experience of a negative COVID-19 related event, such as the illness or death of a relative. Moreover, we explore whether age moderated or amplified the effect of a negative event on distress among women and men. To do so we rely on an ad hoc survey carried out between April 2020 and June 2021 in Italy, the first European country to be hit by the pandemic. Our results indicate that subjects who experienced the hospitalization or, more so, the death of a family member during the pandemic were more exposed to psycho-psychological distress compared to subjects who were not directly touched by COVID-19. Moreover, our results show that while women were on average more likely to express feelings of distress than men in absence of evident stressors, this gap disappeared among subjects who experience the death of a relative. Furthermore, our results indicate that experiencing a negative COVID-19 related event led to an increase in distress among all respondents except older men, who appeared to be the most resilient to the manifestation of any sign of distress. These results speak to important age and gender differences in the feelings and externalization of grief in the Italian context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Molteni
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Sarti
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Novic AJ, Seib C, Burton NW. Longitudinal Association of Physical Activity, Mastery and Psychological Distress in Mid-Aged Adults over 9-Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14052. [PMID: 36360945 PMCID: PMC9657595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Psychological distress is highly prevalent and associated with significant adverse health outcomes and economic burden. Mastery and physical activity are potential resources to reduce distress and promote wellbeing; however, previous research has not examined their potential interactive relationship over time. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between mastery, physical activity, and distress in mid-aged adults over nine years. Data from a longitudinal mail survey study including the Kessler 6, Pearlin Mastery Scale, and items assessing time spent in physical activity were examined in a sample of 4404 adults aged 40 to 54 years at baseline. Group-Based Trajectory Models identified two distinct trajectories of psychological distress (elevated and low). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to assess mastery and physical activity, adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables, as predictors for the probability of distress group membership. The odds of elevated distress over time were significantly reduced in people with higher mastery (OR = 0.13; 95% 0.11-0.15) and doing at least 150 min/week of physical activity (OR = 0.81; 95% 0.68-0.96). There was no significant interaction between mastery and physical activity. Mastery and physical activity may be important resources to mitigate distress and further research is needed to evaluate interventions promoting these resources and the impact on mid-aged adults experiencing psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Novic
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane 4222, Australia
| | - Charrlotte Seib
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane 4222, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4215, Australia
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane 4222, Australia
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Psychological distress, multimorbidity and health services among older adults in rural South Australia. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:453-460. [PMID: 35490879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress may relate to higher health services use. However, data on psychological distress and health services use among rural older adults are limited. This study investigates psychological distress in older adults (aged ≥60) and evaluates the relationship between psychological distress, multimorbidity and health services utilization. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was adopted using data on older adults (≥60) (n = 5920) from the South Australia's 2013-2017 population health survey. The Modified Monash Model MM2-7 was used to designate rural areas. The dataset provides information on reported physical health conditions, psychological distress, and patterns of health services use. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to compute scores for reported mental health disorders in this population. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 72.1 (8.1) years. Women constituted 58.8% of the sample. The mean (SD) score for psychological distress was 12.5 (3.6). One-fourth (33.7%) report one-chronic condition, 20.4% reported 2 chronic conditions and 13% had more than 3 chronic conditions. High psychological distress was associated with female gender (χ2 = 14.4, p < 0.001), <80 years (χ2 = 11.7, p = 0.019), lower education (χ2 = 10.9, p = 0.027). Similarly, multimorbidity was associated with female gender (χ2 = 51.1, p < 001), increasing age (χ2 = 173.6, p < 0.001) and lower education (χ2 = 28.8 p < 0.001). Psychological distress and multimorbidity were independently associated with health service use. High psychological distress was associated with general practitioner (GP) visit (odds ratio 3.6 (95% CI 2.6-5.1), p < 0.001), emergency department (ED) visit (odds ratio 2.5 (95% CI 1.2-5.0), p < 0.001) and hospital admission (odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-4.3), p < 0.001). Multimorbidity was associated with general practitioner (GP) visit (odds ratio 6.8 (95% CI 5.6-8.3), p < 0.001), emergency department (ED) visit (odds ratio 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-4.3), p < 0.001) and hospital admission (odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI 1.9-5.1), p < 0.001). Model included age, gender, education, number of chronic condition and psychological distress. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATION Psychological distress and multimorbidity were independently associated with health services use. Thus, psychological distress, particularly in the presence of multimorbidity, presents an opportunity for intervention by clinicians that may reduce the demand on rural health services.
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Li F, Chandio AA, Duan Y, Zang D. How Does Clean Energy Consumption Affect Women's Health: New Insights from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7943. [PMID: 35805600 PMCID: PMC9266163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations (UN) has identified the promotion of cleaner energy and improving women's health as two important elements in achieving the global sustainable development goals. However, the impact of household clean energy consumption on women's health needs to be further analyzed and improved based on new methods, new data, and new perspectives. This paper used the data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study as the sample, and the Ordered Probit model, the instrumental variable (IV) approach, the conditional mixed process (CMP) method, and the mechanism analysis model were applied to empirically investigate the impact of cleaner household energy consumption on women's health. The findings are the following: (1) It is found that cleaner household energy consumption improved women's health, and after selecting "respondent's regions of residence" as an IV to overcome endogenous issues, the estimated results remained significant. (2) The mechanistic estimation showed that air quality, social contact, and well-being play a mediating role in the effects of cleaner household energy consumption on women's health, while digital ability plays a moderating role in the cleaner household energy consumption impact on women's health. (3) This study further explored that cleaner household energy consumption significantly reduced the likelihood of women being diagnosed with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer, lung disease, asthma, and depression. The conclusion of this paper that "cleaner household energy can enhance the level of women's health" supports the viewpoints of some present literature. At the same time, this paper puts forward four policy recommendations based on the research conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Li
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Abbas Ali Chandio
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Yinying Duan
- School of Business & Tourism, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611180, China;
| | - Dungang Zang
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (A.A.C.)
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Litwin H, Levinsky M. Does personality shape the personal social networks of older Europeans? Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:717-727. [PMID: 35018168 PMCID: PMC8734542 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to clarify whether personality traits predict the structure, function and quality of egocentric confidant networks in later life. Data were drawn from Waves 7 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (N = 39,172). We regressed network size, contact frequency and network satisfaction on the Big-5 personality traits, using a single path analysis structure, controlling for country, sociodemographic background and health status. The findings showed that the personality traits were related to the social network outcomes, but their effect was modest and less predictive than the contextual factors. The country predictors explained the most variance, generally, with some surprising results. For example, confidant networks were the largest in Scandinavia and Central Europe, and smallest in the Mediterranean region and Eastern Europe. Among the personality traits, extraversion was the most consistent positive predictor, but conscientiousness was also predictive. Neuroticism was a negative predictor, but not of network size. The sociodemographic variables, particularly partner status, explained more variance than the personality traits did. In sum, the SHARE database offers a comprehensive and differentiated view of the complex interpersonal milieus in which older Europeans are embedded. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00678-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Litwin
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Levinsky
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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Haddad C, Malaeb D, Sacre H, Bou Khalil J, Khansa W, Al Hajj R, Kheir N, Saade S, Obeid S, Hallit S. Association of problematic internet use with depression, impulsivity, anger, aggression, and social anxiety: Results of a national study among Lebanese adolescents. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:255-264. [PMID: 34938966 PMCID: PMC8666947 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several studies conducted worldwide (mostly in Western countries) highlighted the negative effects of problematic internet use, particularly among adolescents aged 12 to 17, including depression, impulsivity, aggression, and social fear and avoidance. In Lebanon, literature on the prevalence and impact of problematic internet use among adolescents is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aim was to study the association between problematic internet use and depression, impulsivity, anger, aggression and social phobia among Lebanese adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 1103 young adolescents (14-17 years), recruited from October 2017 till April 2018. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to evaluate the level of problematic internet use. Data were analyzed using the MANCOVA analysis. The main independent variable of interest was the IAT, while the dependent variables included the psychological scales. RESULTS The multivariate analysis taking the psychological scales as the dependent variables and the problematic internet use (IAT score) as an independent variable, showed that problematic internet use was associated with higher depression, impulsivity, aggression, anger, hostility and social anxiety. INTERPRETATION Problematic internet use has become an important health issue that should not be overlooked, particularly because of the increased use of the internet by adolescents. Educational programs on early exposure to the internet should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
- INSERMUniv. LimogesCHU EsquirolIRDU1094 Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Epidemiology and Tropical NeurologyGEISTLimogesFrance
- INSPECT‐LB: Institut National de SantéPublique, Epidémiologie Clinique et ToxicologieBeirutLebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of PharmacyLebanese International UniversityBeirutLebanon
- Life sciences and health departmentParis‐Est UniversityParisFrance
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT‐LB: Institut National de SantéPublique, Epidémiologie Clinique et ToxicologieBeirutLebanon
| | - Jad Bou Khalil
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Wael Khansa
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Roula Al Hajj
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
| | - Sylvia Saade
- School of PharmacyLebanese International UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
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Effects of divorce and widowhood on subsequent health behaviours and outcomes in a sample of middle-aged and older Australian adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15237. [PMID: 34341364 PMCID: PMC8328969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Marital disruption is a common life event with potential health implications. We examined the prospective association of divorce/widowhood with subsequent lifestyles, psychological, and overall health outcomes within short and longer terms using three waves of data from the 45 and Up Study in Australia (T1, 2006–09; T2, 2010; T3, 2012–16). Marital status and health-related outcomes were self-reported using validated questionnaires. Nine outcomes were examined including lifestyles (smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity), psychological outcomes (distress, anxiety and depression) and overall health/quality of life. Logistic regression was adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and baseline health outcomes. Of the 33,184 participants who were married at T1 (mean age 59.5 ± 9.3 years), after 3.4 years, 2.9% became divorced and 2.4% widowed at T2. Recent divorce was positively associated with smoking, poor quality of life, high psychological distress, anxiety and depression at T2. Similar but weaker associations were observed for widowhood. However, these associations were much attenuated at T3 (5 years from T2). Marital disruption in midlife or at an older age can be detrimental to health, particularly psychological health in the short term. Public awareness of the health consequences of spousal loss should be raised. Resources, including professional support, should be allocated to help individuals navigate these difficult life transitions.
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Amare AT, Caughey GE, Whitehead C, Lang CE, Bray SC, Corlis M, Visvanathan R, Wesselingh S, Inacio MC. The prevalence, trends and determinants of mental health disorders in older Australians living in permanent residential aged care: Implications for policy and quality of aged care services. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:1200-1211. [PMID: 32746615 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420945367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health disorders are a major health concern in older people and are associated with a higher risk of disability, frailty and early mortality. This study aimed to conduct a contemporary population-based assessment of the prevalence, trends and factors associated with mental health disorders in individuals who are living in permanent residential aged care (PRAC) in Australia. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using national data from the Registry of Senior Australians, a national cohort of older Australians who had aged care eligibility assessment and entered PRAC between 2008 and 2016. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression modeling was applied to identify factors associated with mental health disorders. RESULTS Of 430,862 individuals included in this study, 57.8% had at least one mental health disorder. The prevalence of depression, phobia/anxiety and psychosis were as follows: 46.2% (95% confidence interval = [46.0%, 46.3%]), 14.9% (95% confidence interval = [14.8%, 15.0%]) and 9.7% (95% confidence interval = [9.6%, 9.8%]), respectively. The likelihood of having a mental health disorder was higher for those who were (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) relatively younger, specifically for every 10-year increment in age, the odds of having mental health disorders was 44.0% lower (0.56, [0.55, 0.56]); female (1.33 [1.32, 1.35]); having increasing numbers of physical health comorbidities, 6-10 (1.26 [1.24, 1.29]) or 11-15 (1.48 [1.45, 1.51]) or more than 15 (1.64 [1.58, 1.71]) compared to people having less than five comorbidities; having limitations related to health care tasks (1.05 [1.04, 1.07]), meals (1.04 [1.02, 1.05]) or social and community participation (1.10 [1.08, 1.12]). CONCLUSION The burden of mental health disorders in older Australians living in PRAC was high and individuals with these conditions tend to be younger, with several physical comorbidities and/or functional limitations. Understanding the profile of individuals with mental health disorders at entry into PRAC can be used as evidence for baseline resource allocation for this population and evaluation of future needs of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmeraw T Amare
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC) Centre and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Frailty and Healthy Ageing, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gillian E Caughey
- Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Craig Whitehead
- Department of Rehabilitation, Aged and Extended Care, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lang
- Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Ce Bray
- Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Renuka Visvanathan
- Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC) Centre and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Frailty and Healthy Ageing, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Aged and Extended Care Services, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Steve Wesselingh
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Inacio
- Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Thapa DK, Visentin DC, Kornhaber R, Cleary M. Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among older adults: A cross-sectional population-based study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:1139-1152. [PMID: 33026688 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite population aging and the increase in mental health problems, studies on the mental health of older people in developing countries are lacking. This population-based cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and associated factors for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among older adults in Nepal. Community-dwelling older adults (N = 794) were interviewed using a questionnaire which consisted of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related, and lifestyle characteristics; functional ability, social support, participation in social activities, and adverse life events. The prevalence of symptoms was 15.4% for depression, 18.1% for anxiety, and 12.1% for stress. Risk factors for symptoms included female gender, working in agriculture, lower household wealth, perceived poor health, smoking, chronic conditions, migration of adult children, and exposure to adverse life events. Receiving an allowance, physical exercise, functional ability, social support, and participation in social activities were found to have protective effects. The findings indicate the need for community-based interventions, including appropriate diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions, and mental health promotion programs targeting the risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra K Thapa
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denis C Visentin
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Kornhaber
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
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Zheng Z, Chen H. Age sequences of the elderly' social network and its efficacies on well-being: an urban-rural comparison in China. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 32993525 PMCID: PMC7526405 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although social network is a known determinant of the elderly’s well-being, it is not clear, in urban-rural and age-comparison, what its structural characteristics are and how it works for well-being. The research aims to discuss the features of the elderly’s social network and the social network efficacies on the well-being of older adults in China’s urban and rural areas as well as revealing the urban-rural disparities among the elderly of different age groups. Methods In this study, descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation Modeling (SEM) were used to make a group comparison between the urban and rural elderly of different age groups. All data are quoted from 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The survey adopted the multi-stage probability sampling method, targeting Chinese senior citizens aged 60 and above, the ultimate samples totaled 11,511. Results The social network of the elderly in China feature a “reverse structure” in age sequences: with ageing, family network of the elderly expand while their friend network shrink; also, the expansion scale of the rural elderly’s family network is significantly larger than that of the city’s while the shrinkage scale of their friend network is smaller compared with its urban counterpart. The effect of family network on the rural elderly’s well-being shows a remarkable increase with age. However, there is no noticeable change in urban elderly groups of different ages. Conclusion The social network characteristics of the Chinese elderly are different between different age stages. Namely, the family network and the friend network have the “reverse structure “ in age sequences. Meanwhile, the family network and the friend network have different efficacies on the well-being of the elderly in China, and the differences between urban and rural areas are even more obvious. For rural elderly, family network has very important effects on their well-being. Moreover, With the increase of age, family network’s efficacies increase gradually. For urban elderly, comparatively, family network is just as important as friend network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zheng
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, No.24 First South Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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15
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Uchino BN, Rook KS. Emotions, relationships, health and illness into old age. Maturitas 2020; 139:42-48. [PMID: 32747039 PMCID: PMC7403529 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence linking relationships and emotions to physical health outcomes. What is critically missing is a more comprehensive understanding of how these important psychosocial factors influence disease over the lifespan. In this narrative review, existing lifespan models of social support and emotion regulation are reviewed and integrated into a general conceptual framework in the health domain. This integrated model takes into account bidirectional links between relationships and emotions, as well as health behaviors, biological pathways, and health. Evidence is consistent with the utility of an integrative model attempting to understand its links to health-relevant pathways and outcomes in older adults. Future work that examines multiple pathways using prospective designs will be necessary for this work to reach its full potential, including intervention and policy opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert N Uchino
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, United States.
| | - Karen S Rook
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, United States
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16
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Veronese G, Pepe A, Sala G, Yamien I, Vigliaroni M. Positive experience, psychological functioning, and hope for the future as factors associated with mental health among young Sub-Saharan internally displaced people (IDP): A quantitative pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2019.1635849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Veronese
- Human Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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17
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Schwartz E, Litwin H. The Reciprocal Relationship Between Social Connectedness and Mental Health Among Older European Adults: A SHARE-Based Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 74:694-702. [PMID: 29126316 PMCID: PMC6460342 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to understand the reciprocal relationship between social networks and mental health in old age. It explored the dynamic aspects of that relationship and assessed the influence of social networks on mental health, as well as a concurrent influence of mental health on change in social connectedness. METHOD The data came from two measurement points in the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The analytic sample was composed of adults aged 65 years and above (N = 14,706). Analyses were conducted via latent change score models. RESULTS Analyses showed a reciprocal association between social networks and mental health; baseline social connectedness led to mental health improvements and a better initial mental state led to richer social networks. The results further indicated that the relative effect of mental health on change in social network connectedness was greater than the corresponding effect of social network connectedness on change in mental health. No gender differences were found regarding the reciprocal associations. DISCUSSION The results of this study demonstrate the dynamic inter-relationship of social networks and mental health. It highlights the need to take into account both directions of influence when studying the impact of social relationships on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Schwartz
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Howard Litwin
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Walking as a Mediator of the Relationship of Social Support With Vitality and Psychological Distress in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:430-437. [PMID: 28952855 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating effect of walking on the relationship of social support with vitality and psychological distress. Data from a sample of 2,859 older adults were used. The older adults completed the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey vitality scale, the Global Health Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and a social support attributes questionnaire. All social support variables were positively associated with vitality and negatively associated with psychological distress. Walking mediated the associations of appreciation for (3%) and frequency of (8%) social contacts, participation in group activities (19%), closeness from family and friends (8%), and concern from people around (6%) with vitality. Walking also mediated 33% of the association between participation in group activities and psychological distress. The main findings of this study suggest that participation in group activities, as part of social support, in later life is beneficial to improve older adults' vitality and reduces psychological distress, with walking being a strong mediator of these relationships.
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Does Walkability Contribute to Geographic Variation in Psychosocial Distress? A Spatial Analysis of 91,142 Members of the 45 and Up Study in Sydney, Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020275. [PMID: 29415461 PMCID: PMC5858344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Walkability describes the capacity of the built environment to promote walking, and has been proposed as a potential focus for community-level mental health planning. We evaluated this possibility by examining the contribution of area-level walkability to variation in psychosocial distress in a population cohort at spatial scales comparable to those used for regional planning in Sydney, Australia. Data on psychosocial distress were analysed for 91,142 respondents to the 45 and Up Study baseline survey between January 2006 and April 2009. We fit conditional auto regression models at the postal area level to obtain smoothed “disease maps” for psychosocial distress, and assess its association with area-level walkability after adjusting for individual- and area-level factors. Prevalence of psychosocial distress was 7.8%; similar for low (7.9%), low-medium (7.9%), medium-high (8.0%), and high (7.4%) walkability areas; and decreased with reducing postal area socioeconomic disadvantage: 12.2% (most), 9.3%, 7.5%, 5.9%, and 4.7% (least). Unadjusted disease maps indicated strong geographic clustering of psychosocial distress with 99.0% of excess prevalence due to unobserved and spatially structured factors, which was reduced to 55.3% in fully adjusted maps. Spatial and unstructured variance decreased by 97.3% and 39.8% after adjusting for individual-level factors, and another 2.3% and 4.2% with the inclusions of area-level factors. Excess prevalence of psychosocial distress in postal areas was attenuated in adjusted models but remained spatially structured. Postal area prevalence of high psychosocial distress is geographically clustered in Sydney, but is unrelated to postal area walkability. Area-level socioeconomic disadvantage makes a small contribution to this spatial structure; however, community-level mental health planning will likely deliver greatest benefits by focusing on individual-level contributors to disease burden and inequality associated with psychosocial distress.
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20
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Hughes M. Health and well being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people aged 50 years and over. AUST HEALTH REV 2018; 42:146-151. [DOI: 10.1071/ah16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to examine the health and well being of older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people, the health issues that concern them, the services they use and challenges accessing services.
Methods
This study comprised a survey of the health and well being of 312 LGBTI people aged 50 years and over in New South Wales. The survey included the Short-Form 12 (SF-12) measure of health-related quality of life, the Kessler 10 (K10) measure of psychological distress, and the three-item Loneliness Scale.
Results
Higher levels of psychological distress, lower mental health and greater loneliness were found among this sample than is typically found in the general population. Mental health was lower among carers and those not in a relationship, while psychological distress was greater among those living alone and those experiencing higher rates of loneliness. The most commonly accessed health service was a general practitioner (GP), with most respondents reporting that they were open about their sexuality to their GP and that they had a regular GP. Some reported difficulties accessing health services because of their gender or sexual diversity.
Conclusions
Although many older LGBTI people are well, both physically and mentally, they do appear to face increased risk of certain health issues compared with the general population.
What is known about the topic?
Overseas research indicates that older LGBTI people may be at greater risk of certain physical and mental health conditions than the general population.
What does this paper add?
This paper provides Australian data, using well-validated instruments, on the health and well being of older LGBTI people. It provides evidence of the health issues that older LGBTI people are most concerned about and the barriers they face in accessing services.
What are the implications for practitioners?
It is important for health practitioners to be aware that older LGBTI people appear to be at increased risk of certain physical and mental health issues, such as loneliness and psychological distress. Providing opportunities for clients to identify their gender or sexual diversity may assist in monitoring risk factors and enable referral to promote healthy aging.
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21
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Melkman EP. Childhood adversity, social support networks and well-being among youth aging out of care: An exploratory study of mediation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 72:85-97. [PMID: 28780420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the present study are to examine the relationship between childhood adversity and adult well-being among vulnerable young adults formerly placed in substitute care, and to investigate how characteristics of their social support networks mediate this association. A sample of 345 Israeli young adults (ages 18-25), who had aged out of foster or residential care, responded to standardized self-report questionnaires tapping their social support network characteristics (e.g., network size or adequacy) vis-à-vis several types of social support (emotional, practical, information and guidance), experiences of childhood adversity, and measures of well-being (psychological distress, loneliness, and life satisfaction). Structural equation modelling (SEM) provided support for the mediating role of social support in the relationship between early adversity and adult well-being. Although network size, frequency of contact with its members, satisfaction with support, and network adequacy, were all negatively related to early adversity, only network adequacy showed a major and consistent contribution to the various measures of well-being. While patterns were similar across the types of support, the effects of practical and guidance support were most substantial. The findings suggest that the detrimental long-term consequences of early adversity on adult well-being are related not only to impaired structural aspects of support (e.g., network size), but also to a decreased ability to recognize available support and mobilize it. Practical and guidance support, more than emotional support, seem to be of critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran P Melkman
- Rees Centre for Research on Fostering and Education, Department of Education, University of Oxford, 28 Norham Gardens, Oxford OX2 6PY, UK.
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22
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On the impact of nonresponse in logistic regression: application to the 45 and Up study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2017; 17:80. [PMID: 28482809 PMCID: PMC5422892 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In longitudinal studies, nonresponse to follow-up surveys poses a major threat to validity, interpretability and generalisation of results. The problem of nonresponse is further complicated by the possibility that nonresponse may depend on the outcome of interest. We identified sociodemographic, general health and wellbeing characteristics associated with nonresponse to the follow-up questionnaire and assessed the extent and effect of nonresponse on statistical inference in a large-scale population cohort study. Methods We obtained the data from the baseline and first wave of the follow-up survey of the 45 and Up Study. Of those who were invited to participate in the follow-up survey, 65.2% responded. Logistic regression model was used to identify baseline characteristics associated with follow-up response. A Bayesian selection model approach with sensitivity analysis was implemented to model nonignorable nonresponse. Results Characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of responding to the follow-up survey include female gender, age categories 55–74, high educational qualification, married/de facto, worked part or partially or fully retired and higher household income. Parameter estimates and conclusions are generally consistent across different assumptions on the missing data mechanism. However, we observed some sensitivity for variables that are strong predictors for both the outcome and nonresponse. Conclusions Results indicated in the context of the binary outcome under study, nonresponse did not result in substantial bias and did not alter the interpretation of results in general. Conclusions were still largely robust under nonignorable missing data mechanism. Use of a Bayesian selection model is recommended as a useful strategy for assessing potential sensitivity of results to missing data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0355-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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The Longitudinal Effects of Network Characteristics on the Mental Health of Mothers of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Parent Cognitions. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:1699-715. [PMID: 26810434 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Employing a cohort sequential design, the effects of network characteristics on maternal cognitions (perceived social support and parenting self-efficacy) and mental health (depression and well-being) were assessed over 7 years when children with ASD of mothers in the study were age 7-14. Findings indicated that network size, network emotional support, and network instrumental support were positively related to perceived support, while network availability and emotional support were positively linked to self-efficacy. In addition, network support exerted direct and indirect effects on maternal depression and well-being, with cognitive resources mediating the social network-mental health relationship. Finally, consistent with the support-efficacy model, parenting efficacy partially mediated the effects of perceived support on maternal mental health outcomes. Study findings and implications are discussed.
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Feng X, Astell-Burt T. What types of social interactions reduce the risk of psychological distress? Fixed effects longitudinal analysis of a cohort of 30,271 middle-to-older aged Australians. J Affect Disord 2016; 204:99-102. [PMID: 27344617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the impact of social interactions on psychological distress tends to be limited to particular forms of support, cross-sectional designs and by the spectre of omitted variables bias. METHOD A baseline sample with 3.4±0.95 years follow-up time was extracted from the 45 and Up Study. Change in the risk of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) was assessed using fixed effects logistic regressions in relation to the number of times in the past week a participant: i) spent time with friends or family they did not live with; ii) talked to friends, relatives or others on the telephone; iii) attended meetings at social clubs or religious groups; and the count of people outside their home, but within one hour travel-time, participants felt close to. Separate models were fitted for men and women, adjusting for age, income, economic and couple status. RESULTS An increase in the number of social interactions was associated with a reduction in the risk of psychological distress, with some gender differences. Interactions with friends or family were important for women (adjusted OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.74, 0.98, p=0.024), whereas telephone calls were effective among men (adjusted OR 0.83, 95%CI 0.72, 0.96, p=0.011). Strong effects for the number of people that can be relied on were observed for men and women, but attendance at clubs and groups was not. No age-specific effects were observed. LIMITATIONS No indicator of positive mental health. CONCLUSIONS Policies targeting greater social interactions in middle-to-older age may help protect mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Feng
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Early Start Research Institute (ESRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Early Start Research Institute (ESRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Becker CM, Chaney BH, Shores K, Glascoff M. The Salutogenic Wellness Promotion Scale for Older Adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2015.1055019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Loneliness and social support among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people aged 50 and over. AGEING & SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x1500080x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTLoneliness is a debilitating condition with particular negative health effects, including psychological distress. While the vast majority of older people do not experience significant degrees of loneliness, a minority do and there are some reports that this is even greater among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) seniors. This article examines the experience of loneliness and social support among LGBTI people aged 50 and over living in New South Wales, Australia. It also explores their interest in participating in social and health-promoting activities. Findings from an online survey delivered to 312 people are reported. Loneliness was associated with living alone, not being in a relationship, higher psychological distress and lower mental health. Nonetheless, most respondents reported that they are able to gain support from both biological family and friends if they need it in a crisis. The social and health-promoting activities that were most preferred among all respondents were fitness groups, walking groups, swimming and meditation. Those who experienced the greatest degree of loneliness were much more likely than those who were less lonely to want to participate in social and health-promoting activities with other LGBTI people. The findings indicate scope for community organisations to develop targeted interventions, such as those social and health-promoting activities most preferred by the participants of this study.
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Vo K, Forder PM, Tavener M, Rodgers B, Banks E, Bauman A, Byles JE. Retirement, age, gender and mental health: findings from the 45 and Up Study. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19:647-57. [PMID: 25271125 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.962002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationships of retirement and reasons for retirement with psychological distress in men and women at the age of 45-79 years. METHOD Data from 202,584 Australians participating in the large-scale 45 and Up Study was used. Psychological distress was measured by the Kessler psychological distress scale. Associations between different work status and reasons for retirement with psychological distress were assessed for men and women at different ages using logistic regression. RESULTS Being fully retired or unemployed was associated with the high levels of psychological distress compared to being in paid work for men and women aged 45-64 (p < 0.0001), and for men aged 65-74 years (p ≤ 0.0014). At the age of 75-79 years, there was no difference in psychological distress between different work statuses. Among retirees, retirement due to ill health, being made redundant or caring duty was associated with the high level of psychological distress. CONCLUSION The association between work and mental health underscores the importance of policies and strategies to encourage and enable people to continue in the workforce after age 55, particularly for men. Important reasons for retirement with worse mental health outcomes include redundancy, ill health and needing to care for family or a friend. These circumstances will affect whether a person can continue working and their risk of poor mental health, and both considerations should be addressed in developing approaches for maintaining older workers or assisting them with their retirement transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Vo
- a Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing , University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
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28
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Abstract
This study examined different components of personal social networks-structure, interaction, and quality-and the extent to which each is related to mental health among a 65+ sample (n = 26,784) taken from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. The first aim of the study was to determine which network components had the strongest associations with the number of depressive symptoms, measured on the EURO-D scale. Secondly, the study considered if and how age impacted the associations between social network and depression, using interaction terms that paired age category (age 65-79; age 80+) with the score on each network component. Hierarchical OLS regressions revealed that social network quality and network structure were both negatively related to the number of depressive symptoms. The association between network size (structure) and depression was even greater among those 80+. Age differences were also found for network interaction. More frequent contact with the network was related to a greater extent of depressive symptoms, but only among respondents aged 80 and older. Closer geographic proximity was related to having fewer depressive symptoms, but only among respondents aged 65-79. The findings imply that the association between meaningful personal relationships and depression in late life is nuanced by both network characteristics and by age.
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Rafnsson SB, Shankar A, Steptoe A. Longitudinal Influences of Social Network Characteristics on Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults. J Aging Health 2015; 27:919-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264315572111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influence of social network characteristics on subjective well-being over 6 years in a population sample of older adults. Method: A total of 4,116 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging provided baseline data on social network characteristics and potential confounding factors, and complete follow-up data on 2 measures of subjective well-being. Results: Social network size and network contact frequency were positively and independently associated with future life satisfaction and quality of life after controlling for confounding factors, including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and long-standing illness. In contrast, social network diversity was not independently related to future subjective well-being. Conclusion: Different aspects of people’s social networks may help sustain levels of subjective well-being in older age. The role of close relationships and frequent contact in later life may be particularly important. These results highlight the need for examining different aspects of social networks for promoting well-being of older people.
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Hearn LE, Whitehead NE, Dunne EM, Latimer WW. Correlates of Trichomonas vaginalis Among Middle Age and Older Adults Who Use Drugs. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1501-9. [PMID: 26583203 PMCID: PMC6941433 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1018546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported high rates of Trichomonas vaginalis among middle age and older adults. Though trichomoniasis risk factors in this age cohort remain largely unknown, illicit drug use has been associated with increased incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The number of mid-older adults using illicit drugs has increased significantly in recent years suggesting the need to understand the relationship between drug use and STIs in this age cohort. OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between drug use, sexual-risk behaviors, and biologically confirmed T. vaginalis in a sample of mid-older and younger adults who reported recent drug use. METHODS The cross-sectional design examined the relationship between past 6-month drug use, sexual risk-behaviors, and PCR-confirmed T. vaginalis in 264 adults age 18-64 who were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland. These relationships were also explored in the age-stratified sample among those 18-44 years ("younger") and individuals 45+ years ("mid-older"). RESULTS Trichomoniasis prevalence did not differ significantly between younger (18.8%) and mid-older (19.1%) adults. Mid-older adults that tested positive for T. vaginalis were more likely to have used marijuana and crack in the past 6 months. Among younger adults, there were no associations between trichomoniasis and past 6-month drug use and sexual-risk behavior. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Age- and drug-related immune decline is hypothesized to contribute to increase susceptibility to T. vaginalis in mid-older adults. Broad screening for trichomoniasis, particularly among older adults who are often not regarded as at risk for STIs, is needed to control this often asymptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Hearn
- a Clinical and Health Psychology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | | | - Eugene M Dunne
- a Clinical and Health Psychology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - William W Latimer
- b School of Health Sciences , Human Services and Nursing, Lehman College , CUNY , Bronx, New York , USA
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