1
|
Blume GR, Eloi RS, Oliveira LB, Sonne L, Rezende LP, Sant’Ana FJ. Lesions of the oral cavity of dogs: 720 cases. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Seven hundred twenty cases of oral cavity lesions in dogs were diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Four hundred thirty-two (60%) lesions were neoplastic, and 288 (40%) were non-neoplastic. Of the neoplasms, 229 (53%) were considered malignant and 203 (47%) benign, affecting mainly males, of 43 different breeds, with an average age of 9.4 years, mainly the gum and lip. Melanoma was the most (96/432, 22.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (68/432, 15.7%), papilloma (63/432, 14.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56/432, 12.9%). Non-neoplastic lesions also affected males predominantly, from 41 different breeds, with an average age of 8.9 years, mainly in the gums, lip, and tongue. These lesions were diagnosed as inflammatory (230/288, 79.8%), hyperplastic (47/288, 16.3%) and other lesions (11/288, 3.8%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo S.A. Eloi
- Laboratório HistoPato Análise Anatomopatológica Veterinária, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides Considering Evidence from Human and Veterinary Medicine. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122438. [PMID: 36557690 PMCID: PMC9784682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antimicrobial agents have been in clinical use for more than 60 years in both human and veterinary medicine. The discovery of the non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides and the effect of immunomodulation of the inflammatory response has benefited patients with chronic airway diseases and impacted morbidity and mortality. This review examines the evidence of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides in human and veterinary medicine with a focus toward veterinary macrolides but including important and relevant evidence from the human literature. The complete story for these complex and important molecules is continuing to be written.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee SH, Kim HW, Park HJ. Plaque removal effectiveness of 3D printed dental hygiene chews with various infill structures through artificial dog teeth. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09096. [PMID: 35846455 PMCID: PMC9280378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pet food has recently been in the spotlight as an auxiliary approach to manage oral health, since it helps dogs or cats to take relatively simple care of their mouths at home. Especially, dental hygiene chew is crucial to remove teeth accumulation or plaque by chemical or mechanical methods. This study applied 3D printing to dental chews, which should be tailored to dogs’ individual tooth structure and preferences. The optimum methods for making dental hygiene chews based on corn starch with glycerin for extrusion-based 3D printing were developed. The viscoelasticity of dental chews increased with increasing glycerin content. According to the infill level (40%, 60%, or 80%) and glycerin content, texture and plaque removal efficacy were investigated using a texture analyzer and dog dentures. A 60% infill level with 10% and 20% glycerin content had the best plaque removal efficacy in both canines and premolars. A lattice structure design with square holes was more effective for canines, whereas a crumbly texture was more effective for premolars. Starch-based dental chew ink was formulated with various glycerin concentrations. The rheology of dental chew ink was dependent on the addition of glycerin. Increasing glycerin content up to 20% contributed to improved printing performance. Printed objects had higher breaking force but less hardness than control. Plaque removal efficacy was enhanced by infill densities.
Collapse
|
4
|
Alveolar bone pathology associated with delayed permanent tooth eruption in a cat – a case study. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A young cat was presented with oral discomfort, gingival swelling and delayed eruption of the permanent dentition. Radiography confirmed the presence of unerupted teeth and identified alveolar bone pathology. Operculotomy was performed to expose the embedded teeth. Eruption and the potential etiology of disturbances to normal dental eruption are discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee DB, Snyder CJ, Mans C, Clyde VL, Scheels J. Management of Severe Periodontal Disease and Gingival Enlargement in a Dwarf Mongoose ( Helogale parvula). J Vet Dent 2020; 37:141-148. [PMID: 33241762 DOI: 10.1177/0898756420971872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of gingival enlargement and periodontitis is described in a young dwarf mongoose. Repeated treatments resulted in gingival resection and histologic evaluation however gingival enlargement was ultimately responsive to extraction of associated teeth. In cases such as these, surgical extraction of teeth associated with severe recurrent gingival enlargement should be considered to avoid the stress and risk of repeated immobilizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Bin Lee
- 70725School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.,Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Snyder
- Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, 70725School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christoph Mans
- Zoological Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, 70725School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niemiec B, Gawor J, Nemec A, Clarke D, McLeod K, Tutt C, Gioso M, Steagall PV, Chandler M, Morgenegg G, Jouppi R. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:E36-E161. [PMID: 32715504 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases are some of the most common problems in small animal veterinary practice. These conditions create significant pain as well as localized and potentially systemic infection. As such, the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) believes that un- and under treated oral and dental diseases pose a significant animal welfare concern. Dentistry is an area of veterinary medicine which is still widely ignored and is subject to many myths and misconceptions. Effective teaching of veterinary dentistry in the veterinary school is the key to progression in this field of veterinary medicine, and to the improvement of welfare for all our patients globally. These guidelines were developed to provide veterinarians with the information required to understand best practices for dental therapy and create realistic minimum standards of care. Using the three-tiered continuing education system of WSAVA, the guidelines make global equipment and therapeutic recommendations and highlight the anaesthetic and welfare requirements for small animal patients. This document contains information on common oral and dental pathologies, diagnostic procedures (an easily implementable and repeatable scoring system for dental health, dental radiography and radiology) and treatments (periodontal therapy, extractions). Further, there are sections on anaesthesia and pain management for dental procedures, home dental care, nutritional information, and recommendations on the role of the universities in improving veterinary dentistry. A discussion of the deleterious effects of anaesthesia free dentistry (AFD) is included, as this procedure is ineffective at best and damaging at worst. Throughout the document the negative effects of undiagnosed and/or treated dental disease on the health and well-being of our patients, and how this equates to an animal welfare issue, is discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobczyńska-Rak A, Żylińska B, Polkowska I, Szponder T. Elevated EGF Levels in the Blood Serum of Dogs with Periodontal Diseases and Oral Tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:507-515. [PMID: 29695553 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Paradontopathy and neoplasms of the oral cavity represent one of the greatest challenges in human and animal dentistry. EGF plays a key role in maintaining the integrity and proper rate of cell proliferation in normal oral epithelium. The aim of the present study was to study serum levels of EGF in dogs diagnosed with periodontal diseases and oral cavity tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples comprised of cancerous tissue sections and serum obtained from dogs of various breeds, aged between 5-13 years. Serum EGF concentrations were measured by an immunoenzymatic method. RESULTS The median for EGF concentration in serum of dogs suffered from severe periodontal diseases was greater when compared to the control group. EGF concentration in dogs with malignant tumours was significantly higher than in those with non-malignant growths. A positive correlation between EGF concentration and tumour size was also observed. EGF level in dogs diagnosed with benign tumours was comparable to the control group. CONCLUSION The blood serum level of EGF increases significantly in patients with malignant oral tumours and advanced periodontal disease. In malignant tumours, the high level of EGF correlates with the size and invasiveness of the neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sobczyńska-Rak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Żylińska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Polkowska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szponder
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Medical Management of Cyclosporine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth Using Oral Azithromycin in Six Dogs. Vet Sci 2015; 2:13-22. [PMID: 29061926 PMCID: PMC5644608 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival overgrowth is an uncommon adverse effect of cyclosporine administration in veterinary species. In people, gingival overgrowth is a common complication of cyclosporine administration for immunosuppression, generally following transplant procedures. Azithromycin has been used successfully for managing gingival overgrowth in human transplant patients when cyclosporine administration cannot be reduced or discontinued. This case series describes six dogs being administered cyclosporine for various dermatologic diseases that developed gingival overgrowth. The dogs were prescribed systemic azithromycin, with or without concurrent dose reduction of cyclosporine. Oral administration of 6.6-10.8 mg/kg of azithromycin once daily for 4-14 weeks was effective for complete clinical resolution of gingival overgrowth. In most cases, gingival overgrowth did not recur even with continued cyclosporine administration long-term. Adverse events of long-term azithromycin administration did not occur in any of the dogs. This series highlights a potentially beneficial medical treatment option for gingival overgrowth even when cyclosporine dose reduction is not possible or elected, without the need for surgical resection of proliferative gingival tissue.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosenberg A, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C, Angus J, Keys D. Evaluation of azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin-associated gingival overgrowth in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:337-45, e74-5. [PMID: 23668859 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingival overgrowth is an adverse effect of ciclosporin therapy. Azithromycin (AZI) in capsule and toothpaste form is an effective treatment for ciclosporin-associated gingival overgrowth (CsAGO) in humans. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate AZI in a systemic and a toothpaste form for the treatment of CsAGO in dogs. The secondary objective was to determine which treatment is more effective. ANIMALS Thirty-six client-owned dogs with CsAGO. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to the following four groups: AZI capsule; AZI toothpaste; placebo capsule; and placebo toothpaste. Treatments were for 4 weeks, and measurements of gingival sulcus depth, tooth length and subjective global scores were taken at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 8. The AZI dose was 10 mg/kg daily, and brushing (8.5% AZI) was once daily. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in gingival sulcus depth for the AZI capsule group at week 8 and for the AZI toothpaste group at weeks 2, 4 and 8. The mean decrease in gingival sulcus depth was significantly greater in active versus placebo groups (P = 0.0356). The tooth length and subjective global scores were not significantly different for any groups. Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in all groups, but more frequently in the AZI capsule group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Azithromycin improved CsAGO in only one measured parameter, gingival sulcus depth. Only one dog in the AZI capsule group had complete resolution of CsAGO. Further studies are warranted. Azithromycin capsules were associated with the most gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rosenberg
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, 2965 Edinger Avenue, Tustin, CA 92780, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pariser MS, Berdoulay P. Amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia in a Great Dane. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47:375-6. [PMID: 21852514 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3 yr old, 70 kg (154 lbs) female spayed Great Dane developed gingival hyperplasia after treatment of systemic hypertension with amlodipine 7.5 mg q 12 hr for 16 mo. Physical examination was unremarkable except for systemic hypertension and severe gingival hyperplasia. Amlodipine was replaced with hydralazine (0.72 mg/kg [0.32 mg/lb]). Nine months later, gingival hyperplasia was nearly resolved and hypertension was well controlled. Calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine are a rare cause of gingival hyperplasia in the canine patient. Recognition of this side effect is important because a full recovery can be achieved when the offending agent is removed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency of different types of oral lesions in biopsies sent to a department of human oral pathology for histologic examination. The impact of gender, age, and breed was assessed. The biopsy specimens were reviewed and diagnosed according to human pathology nomenclature and the classification of different diagnoses used in human and veterinary pathology is discussed. Reactive lesions were diagnosed in 39% of the biopsies, while benign and malignant neoplasms were diagnosed in 27%, and 15% of the biopsies, respectively. The most common diagnosis was reactive gingival hyperplasia (24%), followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (21%) and melanoma (8%). Epulides comprised 69% of all lesions. Dogs with malignant oral tumors were older than those with benign tumors, however there was no significant gender differences for any group of lesions. Pure-bred dogs were more prone to develop pathology than mixed-breeds. Of the larger breeds in Sweden, Boxer dogs had the highest prevalence (3.77/1000) of biopsies submitted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Svendenius
- From the Department of Animal Environment and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, SE-532 23 Skara, Sweden; and, the Department of Oral Pathology (Warfvinge), Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - G. Warfvinge
- From the Department of Animal Environment and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, SE-532 23 Skara, Sweden; and, the Department of Oral Pathology (Warfvinge), Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Force
- From Dentistry For Animals (Force); 2651 Soquel Avenue, Santa Cruz, CA 95076; and Southern California Veterinary Dental, Services (Niemiec) 5610 Kearny Mesa Road (Niemiec), San Diego, CA 92111
| | - Brook Niemiec
- From Dentistry For Animals (Force); 2651 Soquel Avenue, Santa Cruz, CA 95076; and Southern California Veterinary Dental, Services (Niemiec) 5610 Kearny Mesa Road (Niemiec), San Diego, CA 92111
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reiter AM, Lewis JR. Dental bulge restoration and gingival collar expansion after endodontic treatment of a complicated maxillary fourth premolar crown-root fracture in a dog. J Vet Dent 2008; 25:34-45. [PMID: 18512624 DOI: 10.1177/089875640802500109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes endodontic, restorative, and periodontal treatment of a complicated crown-root fracture of the right maxillary fourth premolar tooth in a dog. A buccal portion ('slab') had separated from the tooth, which extended subgingivally into root structure. Following completion of standard root canal therapy, a periodontal flap was elevated. Alveolectomy and alveoloplasty were performed, and inflamed soft tissues were debrided. The fracture site was prepared, restored, and shaped to receive a dental bulge contour. A gingival collar expansion technique was utilized to allow for apical positioning of gingiva at the distobuccal crown-root segment. Clinical and radiographic examination 15-months following treatment showed no evidence of endodontic failure. The restorations were intact, and periodontal probing depths were slightly increased probably due to gingival enlargement from concurrent cyclosporine therapy. The importance of biologic width maintenance in periodontal surgery and need for owner compliance with home oral hygiene are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Reiter
- Matthew J.Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adamo PF, Rylander H, Adams WM. Ciclosporin use in multi-drug therapy for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:486-96. [PMID: 17617166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ciclosporin therapy alone or in combination with corticosteroids and/or ketoconazole in dogs with diagnosis of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology. METHODS Medical records of 10 dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology and treated with ciclosporin therapy alone or in combination with corticosteroids and/or ketoconazole were reviewed at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Laboratory abnormalities, side effects, clinical and cerebrospinal fluid responses to treatment and association between blood ciclosporin level and response to treatment were evaluated. Histopathological diagnosis was available in three patients. RESULTS No significant abnormalities were detected on serial complete blood count and serum chemistry panel in any of the dogs. Side effects of ciclosporin therapy included excessive shedding, gingival hyperplasia and hypertrichosis. Overall median survival time for all dogs in the study was 930 days (range, 60 to more than 1290 days). In all dogs, serial cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a marked improvement in the inflammation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Results suggest that ciclosporin either alone or in combination with ketoconazole may be a safe and effective treatment for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P F Adamo
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|