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Kang D, Womble M, Cullen JM, Harrison TM, Premanandan C, Schreeg ME. Severe bronchiectasis resulting from chronic bacterial bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in a jungle cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:131-136. [PMID: 38014741 PMCID: PMC10734597 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231216181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is irreversible bronchial dilation that can be congenital or acquired secondary to chronic airway obstruction. Feline bronchiectasis is rare and, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously in a non-domestic felid. An ~10-y-old female jungle cat (Felis chaus) was presented for evaluation of an abdominal mass and suspected pulmonary metastasis. The animal died during exploratory laparotomy and was submitted for postmortem examination. Gross examination revealed consolidation of the left caudal lung lobe and hila of the cranial lung lobes. Elsewhere in the lungs were several pale-yellow pleural foci of endogenous lipid pneumonia. On cut section, there was severe distension of bronchi with abundant white mucoid fluid. The remaining lung lobes were multifocally expanded by marginal emphysema. Histologically, ectatic bronchi, bronchioles, and fewer alveoli contained degenerate neutrophils, fibrin, and mucin (suppurative bronchopneumonia) with rare gram-negative bacteria. Aerobic culture yielded low growth of Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. There was chronic bronchitis, marked by moderate bronchial gland hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, and lymphoid hyperplasia. The palpated abdominal mass was a uterine endometrial polyp, which was considered an incidental, but novel, finding. Chronic bronchitis and bronchopneumonia should be considered as a cause of bronchiectasis and a differential diagnosis for respiratory disease in non-domestic felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyue Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mandy Womble
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John M. Cullen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tara M. Harrison
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Megan E. Schreeg
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Campbell-Ward M. Quality-of-Life Assessments in Zoo Animals: Not Just for the Aged and Charismatic. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3394. [PMID: 37958149 PMCID: PMC10648866 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoos should aim to provide all of their animals with a good quality of life (QoL) throughout all life stages. In parallel with the evolution of QoL assessment questionnaires and tools in human and domestic animal settings, in recent times, some individual zoos and zoo industry associations have incorporated such instruments into their animal management practices. This has been conducted predominantly to inform, monitor, and document end-of-life decision-making for large, charismatic mammals. There is scope to expand the use of these tools to improve their utility, validity, reliability, and value to an animal welfare program. Assessment of QoL is a complex task given that the notion being measured is abstract and self-determined, and the design and purpose of the tools to do this require careful consideration. This review explores the QoL concept as it applies to animals, the assessment indications and methodologies relevant to a zoo setting, and the importance of considering QoL at any life stage across species. An overview of current thinking and the applications and limitations of QoL evaluation of captive wild animals is offered to promote and aid facility practice reviews and to help direct future innovations that leverage concurrent and converging advances in zoo animal welfare science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Campbell-Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia;
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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Williams B, Campbell J, Kendall C, Tuttle J, Lynch EC. Exploring the behaviors and social preferences of a large, multigenerational herd of zoo-housed southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Zoo Biol 2023; 42:476-489. [PMID: 36807929 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The zoo-housed southern white rhinoceros (SWR) population is of special concern due to their lack of consistent breeding success. An enhanced understanding of SWR social preferences could better inform management planning by promoting natural social relationships, which can positively affect their well-being. The large, multigeneration herd housed at the North Carolina Zoo provides an ideal opportunity to examine rhino sociality across different ages, kin types, and social groupings. Eight female rhinos' social and nonsocial behaviors were recorded from November 2020 through June 2021 across 242 h. Activity budget analyses revealed strong seasonal and temporal variations in grazing and resting behaviors, with no stereotypic behaviors recorded. Bond strength calculations suggested that each female maintained strong social bonds with one to two partners. Beyond mother-nursing calf bonds, we found that the strongest social ties were maintained between calf-less adults and subadults in these dyads. Considering these findings, we recommend that management plans attempt to house immature females with calf-less adult females, as they may be necessary to the social landscape of immature females and, ultimately, improve their welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Williams
- Department of Biology, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Campbell
- Department of Biology, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jade Tuttle
- North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, North Carolina, USA
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Quesada N, d'Ovidio D, Read M, Monticelli P, Adami C. An Observational Survey Study on the Use of Locoregional Anaesthesia in Non-Conventional Species: Current Practice and Potential Future Developments. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35681912 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the current attitudes of veterinarians towards the use of locoregional anaesthesia in non-conventional animal species and to identify areas for future useful research on this topic. A questionnaire was circulated online. A total of 417 veterinarians, including American and European specialists/specialists-in-training in both zoological medicine and anaesthesia/analgesia (ACZM/ECZM and ACVAA/ECVAA), participated in the study. Fifty-nine percent of respondents performed locoregional anaesthesia in rabbits, with intratesticular injections and local infiltration being the most commonly-reported techniques. ACZM/ECZM specialists reportedly performed dental blocks in rabbits more frequently than ACVAA/ECVAA specialists (p = 0.030). Forty percent of respondents performed locoregional anaesthesia in rodents, with intratesticular injections, topical/splash blocks and local infiltration being the most commonly reported techniques. The proportions of respondents who reportedly used locoregional anaesthesia in ferrets, birds and reptiles were 37.9%, 34.5% and 31.2%, respectively. The use of Tuohy (p < 0.001) and spinal needles (p < 0.001), as well as of ultrasonography (p = 0.009) and nerve-stimulators (p < 0.001), was more common among ACVAA/ECVAA compared to ACZM/ECZM specialists. Major topic areas for future research were identified as dental block techniques for rabbits and rodents and blocks for the wings of birds.
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Lee DB, Snyder CJ, Mans C, Clyde VL, Scheels J. Management of Severe Periodontal Disease and Gingival Enlargement in a Dwarf Mongoose ( Helogale parvula). J Vet Dent 2020; 37:141-148. [PMID: 33241762 DOI: 10.1177/0898756420971872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of gingival enlargement and periodontitis is described in a young dwarf mongoose. Repeated treatments resulted in gingival resection and histologic evaluation however gingival enlargement was ultimately responsive to extraction of associated teeth. In cases such as these, surgical extraction of teeth associated with severe recurrent gingival enlargement should be considered to avoid the stress and risk of repeated immobilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Bin Lee
- 70725School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.,Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Snyder
- Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, 70725School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christoph Mans
- Zoological Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, 70725School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has stimulated open collaboration between different scientific and clinical disciplines like never before. Public and private partnerships continue to form in order to tackle this unprecedented global challenge. This paper highlights the importance of open collaboration and cooperation between the disciplines of medicine, veterinary medicine, and animal health sciences in the fight against COVID-19. Since the pandemic took the whole world by surprise, many existing drugs were rapidly repurposed and tested in COVID-19 clinical trials and some of the trials are revealing promising results, it is clear that the long-term solution will come in the form of vaccines. While vaccines are being developed, the antiviral agent Remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734) is being repurposed for use in human clinical trials but this is being done without acknowledging the significant efforts that went into development for treating cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal immune-mediated vasculitis in cats which is caused by a feline coronavirus. There are many other antiviral drugs and immune modulating treatments that are currently being trialed that have animal health origins in terms of discovery and clinical development. Closer collaboration between the animal health and human health sectors is likely to accelerate progress in the fight against COVID-19. There is much that we do not yet know about COVID-19 and its causative agent SARS-CoV-2 but we will learn and progress much faster if we increase interdisciplinary collaboration and communication between human and animal health researchers and taking a genuine "One Health" approach to this and other emerging viral pathogens. Enhanced knowledge of zoonotic coronaviruses can significantly enhance our ability to fight current and future emerging coronaviruses. This article highlights the acute need for One Health and comparative medicine and the crucial importance of building on and recognizing veterinary research for addressing future human pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Jayson S, Masters N, Strike T, Rendle M, Sparrow S, Peters LM, Bates N. Successful management of Heinz body hemolytic anemia associated with leek (Allium ampeloprasum) ingestion in a South American coati (Nasua nasua). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 30:86-91. [PMID: 31854068 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of Heinz body hemolytic anemia in a South American coati (Nasua nasua) secondary to suspected leek (Allium ampeloprasum) toxicosis. CASE SUMMARY A South American coati presented with Heinz body hemolytic anemia following addition of leeks to its diet for 2-5 days prior to initial presentation. Administration of a whole blood transfusion from an animal of the same species (conspecific) and supportive care resulted in immediate improvement in clinical signs. Normal behavior fully returned within 6 days of transfusion. Hematological evidence of anemia resolved by 4 weeks and there were no significant features of oxidative injury present by 8 weeks following initial presentation. NEW INFORMATION PROVIDED This is the first reported case of Heinz body hemolytic anemia, suspected leek toxicosis, and administration of a blood transfusion in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jayson
- Veterinary Department, ZSL London Zoo, London, UK.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nic Masters
- Veterinary Department, ZSL London Zoo, London, UK
| | - Taina Strike
- Veterinary Department, ZSL London Zoo, London, UK
| | | | | | - Laureen M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Veterinary Poisons Information Service, London, UK
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Abstract
Although Moraxella lacunata causes conjunctivitis, keratitis,
endocarditis, and otolaryngitis in humans, its infection is rare in animals. We report
three cases of asymptomatic pulmonary abscesses caused by M. lacunata in
zoo herbivores, including two elks (Cervus canadensis) and a common eland
(Taurotragus oryx). In all cases, macroscopic findings included
coalescence of lung lobes and severe pulmonary abscesses filled with cheese-like materials
in cysts. Microscopic findings included pneumonia characterized by marked fibrin exudates
in alveolar spaces and infiltration of inflammatory cells. M. lacunata
was identified in bacterial cultures from pulmonary abscesses using biochemical API 20NE
system. M. lacunata is rarely isolated from zoo animals; however, herein,
we describe the first report of pulmonary abscesses caused by M. lacunata
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo-Tae Kim
- Animal Health Center of Zoo Land, Daejeon O-World Theme Park, Daejeon 35073, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.,National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Latif B, Vellayan S, Omar E, Abdullah S, Mat Desa N. Sarcocystosis among wild captive and zoo animals in Malaysia. Korean J Parasitol 2010; 48:213-7. [PMID: 20877499 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarcocystis sp. infection was investigated in 20 necropsied captive wild mammals and 20 birds in 2 petting zoos in Malaysia. The gross post-mortem lesions in mammals showed marbling of the liver with uniform congestion of the intestine, and for birds, there was atrophy of the sternal muscles with hemorrhage and edema of the lungs in 2 birds. Naked eye examination was used for detection of macroscopic sarcocysts, and muscle squash for microscopic type. Only microscopically visible cysts were detected in 8 animals and species identification was not possible. Histological examination of the sections of infected skeletal muscles showed more than 5 sarcocysts in each specimen. No leukocytic infiltration was seen in affected organs. The shape of the cysts was elongated or circular, and the mean size reached 254 x 24.5 µm and the thickness of the wall up to 2.5 µm. Two stages were recognized in the cysts, the peripheral metrocytes and large numbers of crescent shaped merozoites. Out of 40 animals examined, 3 mammals and 5 birds were positive (20%). The infection rate was 15% and 25% in mammals and birds, respectively. Regarding the organs, the infection rate was 50% in the skeletal muscles followed by tongue and heart (37.5%), diaphragm (25%), and esophagus (12.5%). Further ultrastructural studies are required to identify the species of Sarcocystis that infect captive wild animals and their possible role in zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baha Latif
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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