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A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam from 1963 to 2021. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153011. [PMID: 35893975 PMCID: PMC9332328 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flame-retardant science and technology are sciences developed to prevent the occurrence of fire, meet the needs of social safety production, and protect people's lives and property. Rigid polyurethane (PU) is a polymer formed by the additional polymerization reaction of a molecule with two or more isocyanate functional groups with a polyol containing two or more reactive hydroxyl groups under a suitable catalyst and in an appropriate ratio. Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is a foam-like material with a large contact area with oxygen when burning, resulting in rapid combustion. At the same time, RPUF produces a lot of toxic gases when burning and endangers human health. Improving the flame-retardant properties of RPUF is an important theme in flame-retardant science and technology. This review discusses the development of flame-retardant RPUF through the lens of bibliometrics. A total of 194 articles are analyzed, spanning from 1963 to 2021. We describe the development and focus of this theme at different stages. The various directions of this theme are discussed through keyword co-occurrence and clustering analysis. Finally, we provide reasonable perspectives about the future research direction of this theme based on the bibliometric results.
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Lu S, Feng Y, Zhang P, Hong W, Chen Y, Fan H, Yu D, Chen X. Preparation of Flame-Retardant Polyurethane and Its Applications in the Leather Industry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111730. [PMID: 34070588 PMCID: PMC8198486 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel polymer, polyurethane (PU) has been widely applied in leather, synthetic leather, and textiles due to its excellent overall performance. Nevertheless, conventional PU is flammable and its combustion is accompanied by severe melting and dripping, which then generates hazardous fumes and gases. This defect limits PU applications in various fields, including the leather industry. Hence, the development of environmentally friendly, flame-retardant PU is of great significance both theoretically and practically. Currently, phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) reactive flame-retardant is a hot topic in the field of flame-retardant PU. Based on this, the preparation and flame-retardant mechanism of flame-retardant PU, as well as the current status of flame-retardant PU in the leather industry were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Yechang Feng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (P.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (Y.F.); (W.H.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (X.C.)
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Li L, Shao X, Zhao Z, Liu X, Jiang L, Huang K, Zhao S. Synergistic Fire Hazard Effect of a Multifunctional Flame Retardant in Building Insulation Expandable Polystyrene through a Simple Surface-Coating Method. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:799-807. [PMID: 31956831 PMCID: PMC6964526 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a strategy based on γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and graphene oxide (GO)-functionalized 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to fabricate P-N-Si integrated flame retardant [KDOPO-modified GO (DGO)] through mild Mannich and Silanization reactions to overcome the challenge of single gas-phase fire retardancy of DOPO. DGO-based phenolic epoxy resin (DGO/PER) is manufactured and coated on the surface of expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam plates to achieve fire safety, which is used as the thermally insulating external wall in buildings and constructions. The DGO/PER paintcoat imparts high fire safety to the EPS foam plate, exhibiting a high limiting oxygen index value of 29%, and a UL-94 V-0 classification is achieved with only 300 μm of layer thickness compared with the DOPO/PER paintcoat. Meanwhile, all combustion parameters such as peak heat release rate, heat release rate, total heat release, smoke release rate, total smoke rate, and ignition time present excellent promotions for EPS@DGO compared with EPS@DOPO. These dramatically reduced fire hazards are mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of DGO. Meanwhile, the DGO/PER flame-retardant paintcoat cannot deteriorate the thermal insulation performance of the EPS foam plate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheng Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Licong Jiang
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Nazir
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
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Polyethylene glycol: An effective agent for isocyanate-based polyimide foams with enhanced foaming behavior and flexibility. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318801906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of polyimide foam materials were prepared via one-step process, and the effect of polyethylene glycol on the morphology and properties of the foams was investigated. The results showed that the mean cellular diameter increased from 0.49 to 0.57 mm with the increase of polyethylene glycol content. Meanwhile, with the addition of polyethylene glycol, the tensile strength of polyimide foams increased from 18 to 23 kPa. It was proved that the foaming behavior and flexibility of polyimide foams were greatly improved due to the introduction of polyethylene glycol. As a kind of chain extender, polyethylene glycol reacted with isocyanate to form the flexible urethane segment, which improved the flexibility of polyimide molecular chain and promoted foaming behavior. In addition, all the foams exhibited fine thermal stability with temperature at 5% weight loss of about 350°C. The limiting oxygen index values of the prepared polyimide foams decreased with the increase of polyethylene glycol content, while the heat release rate increased, indicating certain decrease of the flame retardant properties. However, the fine cell structure can still be observed under the residual carbon structure after the burning, indicating fine flame retardancy.
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Zhang S, Ji W, Han Y, Gu X, Li H, Sun J. Flame-retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol-modified melamine-formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wenfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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Cao B, Gu X, Song X, Jin X, Liu X, Liu X, Sun J, Zhang S. The flammability of expandable polystyrene foams coated with melamine modified urea formaldehyde resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
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Highly flame-retarding cotton fabrics with a novel phosphorus/nitrogen intumescent flame retardant. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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