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Yang D, Zhang W, Ruan Z, Jiang B, Huang S, Wang J, Zhao P, Hu M, Yan M, Lou H. Drug-drug interaction study of ciprofol and sodium divalproex: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in healthy Chinese subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1972-1981. [PMID: 37537949 PMCID: PMC10582675 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciprofol (also known as HSK3486) is a promising intravenous anesthetic candidate derived from propofol and independently developed by Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Compared with propofol, ciprofol has the potential to reduce the dose required and the associated risks. Ciprofol is extensively metabolized in vivo, and its interaction with other concurrently administered drugs during clinical application is worthy of attention. Therefore, an open-label, two-stage sequential study was performed in healthy subjects who received either a single administration of ciprofol injection or ciprofol injection after oral administration of sodium divalproex. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of sodium divalproex on ciprofol with respect to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety, thus providing a basis for the rational clinical use of ciprofol and sodium divalproex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengyue Hu
- Sichuan Haisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.ChengduChina
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Fromenty B, Roden M. Mitochondrial alterations in fatty liver diseases. J Hepatol 2023; 78:415-429. [PMID: 36209983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases can result from common metabolic diseases, as well as from xenobiotic exposure and excessive alcohol use, all of which have been shown to exert toxic effects on hepatic mitochondrial functionality and dynamics. Invasive or complex methodology limits large-scale investigations of mitochondria in human livers. Nevertheless, abnormal mitochondrial function, such as impaired fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, drives oxidative stress and has been identified as an important feature of human steatohepatitis. On the other hand, hepatic mitochondria can be flexible and adapt to the ambient metabolic condition to prevent triglyceride and lipotoxin accumulation in obesity. Experience from studies on xenobiotics has provided important insights into the regulation of hepatic mitochondria. Increasing awareness of the joint presence of metabolic disease-related (lipotoxic) and alcohol-related liver diseases further highlights the need to better understand their mutual interaction and potentiation in disease progression. Recent clinical studies have assessed the effects of diets or bariatric surgery on hepatic mitochondria, which are also evolving as an interesting therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review summarises the current knowledge on hepatic mitochondria with a focus on fatty liver diseases linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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High-content imaging of human hepatic spheroids for researching the mechanism of duloxetine-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:669. [PMID: 35915074 PMCID: PMC9343405 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Duloxetine (DLX) has been approved for the successful treatment of psychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder, diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia and generalized anxiety disorder. However, since the usage of DLX carries a manufacturer warning of hepatotoxicity given its implication in numerous cases of drug-induced liver injuries (DILI), it is not recommended for patients with chronic liver diseases. In our previous study, we developed an enhanced human-simulated hepatic spheroid (EHS) imaging model system for performing drug hepatotoxicity evaluation using the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG and the support of a pulverized liver biomatrix scaffold, which demonstrated much improved hepatic-specific functions. In the current study, we were able to use this robust model to demonstrate that the DLX-DILI is a human CYP450 specific, metabolism-dependent, oxidative stress triggered complex hepatic injury. High-content imaging analysis (HCA) of organoids exposed to DLX showed that the potential toxicophore, naphthyl ring in DLX initiated oxidative stress which ultimately led to mitochondrial dysfunction in the hepatic organoids, and vice versa. Furthermore, DLX-induced hepatic steatosis and cholestasis was also detected in the exposed EHSs. We also discovered that a novel compound S-071031B, which replaced DLX's naphthyl ring with benzodioxole, showed dramatically lower hepatotoxicities through reducing oxidative stress. Thus, we conclusively present the human-relevant EHS model as an ideal, highly competent system for evaluating DLX induced hepatotoxicity and exploring related mechanisms in vitro. Moreover, HCA use on functional hepatic organoids has promising application prospects for guiding compound structural modifications and optimization in order to improve drug development by reducing hepatotoxicity.
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Guo HL, Jing X, Sun JY, Hu YH, Xu ZJ, Ni MM, Chen F, Lu XP, Qiu JC, Wang T. Valproic Acid and the Liver Injury in Patients with Epilepsy: An Update. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:343-351. [PMID: 30931853 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329145428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid (VPA) as a widely used primary medication in the treatment of epilepsy is associated with reversible or irreversible hepatotoxicity. Long-term VPA therapy is also related to increased risk for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, metabolic elimination pathways of VPA in the liver and underlying mechanisms of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity are discussed. METHODS We searched in PubMed for manuscripts published in English, combining terms such as "Valproic acid", "hepatotoxicity", "liver injury", and "mechanisms". The data of screened papers were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS The formation of VPA reactive metabolites, inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation, excessive oxidative stress and genetic variants of some enzymes, such as CPS1, POLG, GSTs, SOD2, UGTs and CYPs genes, have been reported to be associated with VPA hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, carnitine supplementation and antioxidants administration proved to be positive treatment strategies for VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and routine liver biochemistry monitoring during VPA-therapy, as well as genotype screening for certain patients before VPA administration, could improve the safety profile of this antiepileptic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Pirozzi C, Lama A, Annunziata C, Cavaliere G, De Caro C, Citraro R, Russo E, Tallarico M, Iannone M, Ferrante MC, Mollica MP, Mattace Raso G, De Sarro G, Calignano A, Meli R. Butyrate prevents valproate-induced liver injury: In vitro and in vivo evidence. FASEB J 2019; 34:676-690. [PMID: 31914696 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900927rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA), an antiepileptic drug, may cause dose- and time-dependent hepatotoxicity. However, its iatrogenic molecular mechanism and the rescue therapy are disregarded. Recently, it has been demonstrated that sodium butyrate (NaB) reduces hepatic steatosis, improving respiratory capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction in obese mice. Here, we investigated the protective effect of NaB in counteracting VPA-induced hepatotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo models. Human HepG2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to high VPA concentration and treated with NaB. Mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress were evaluated, using Seahorse analyzer, spectrophotometric, and biochemical determinations. Liver protection by NaB was also evaluated in VPA-treated epileptic WAG/Rij rats, receiving NaB for 6 months. NaB prevented VPA toxicity, limiting cell oxidative and mitochondrial damage (ROS, malondialdehyde, SOD activity, mitochondrial bioenergetics), and restoring fatty acid oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase activity) in HepG2 cells, primary hepatocytes, and isolated mitochondria. In vivo, NaB confirmed its activity normalizing hepatic biomarkers, fatty acid metabolism, and reducing inflammation and fibrosis induced by VPA. These data support the protective potential of NaB on VPA-induced liver injury, indicating it as valid therapeutic approach in counteracting this common side effect due to VPA chronic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Tallarico
- CNR, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Pharmacology Section, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- CNR, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Pharmacology Section, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Li YW, Wang CH, Chen CJ, Wang CCN, Lin CL, Cheng WK, Shen HY, Lim YP. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on lipogenic gene regulation and hyperlipidemia risk in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study and supporting in vitro studies. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2829-2844. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bai X, Hong W, Cai P, Chen Y, Xu C, Cao D, Yu W, Zhao Z, Huang M, Jin J. Valproate induced hepatic steatosis by enhanced fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 324:12-25. [PMID: 28366540 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Steatosis is the characteristic type of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and may result in life-threatening hepatic lesion. Approximately 61% of patients treated with VPA have been diagnosed with hepatic steatosis through ultrasound examination. However, the mechanisms underlying VPA-induced intracellular fat accumulation are not yet fully understood. Here we demonstrated the involvement of fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis in VPA-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, western blotting analysis, fatty acid uptake assays, Nile Red staining assays, and Oil Red O staining assays. Specifically, we found that the expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), an important fatty acid transport, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) were significantly up-regulated in HepG2 cells and livers of C57B/6J mice after treatment with VPA. Furthermore, VPA treatment remarkably enhanced the efficiency of fatty acid uptake mediated by CD36, while this effect was abolished by the interference with CD36-specific siRNA. Also, VPA treatment significantly increased DGAT2 expression as a result of the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) - extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway; however, DGAT2 knockdown significantly alleviated VPA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. Additionally, we also found that sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)-mediated fatty acid synthesis may be not involved in VPA-induced hepatic steatosis. Overall, VPA-triggered over-regulation of CD36 and DGAT2 could be helpful for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying VPA-induced hepatic steatosis and may offer novel therapeutic strategies to combat VPA-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiheng Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuncao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Klein S, Maggioni S, Bucher J, Mueller D, Niklas J, Shevchenko V, Mauch K, Heinzle E, Noor F. In Silico Modeling for the Prediction of Dose and Pathway-Related Adverse Effects in Humans From In Vitro Repeated-Dose Studies. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:55-66. [PMID: 26420750 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term repeated-dose toxicity is mainly assessed in animals despite poor concordance of animal data with human toxicity. Nowadays advanced human in vitro systems, eg, metabolically competent HepaRG cells, are used for toxicity screening. Extrapolation of in vitro toxicity to in vivo effects is possible by reverse dosimetry using pharmacokinetic modeling. We assessed long-term repeated-dose toxicity of bosentan and valproic acid (VPA) in HepaRG cells under serum-free conditions. Upon 28-day exposure, the EC50 values for bosentan and VPA decreased by 21- and 33-fold, respectively. Using EC(10) as lowest threshold of toxicity in vitro, we estimated the oral equivalent doses for both test compounds using a simplified pharmacokinetic model for the extrapolation of in vitro toxicity to in vivo effect. The model predicts that bosentan is safe at the considered dose under the assumed conditions upon 4 weeks exposure. For VPA, hepatotoxicity is predicted for 4% and 47% of the virtual population at the maximum recommended daily dose after 3 and 4 weeks of exposure, respectively. We also investigated the changes in the central carbon metabolism of HepaRG cells exposed to orally bioavailable concentrations of both drugs. These concentrations are below the 28-day EC(10) and induce significant changes especially in glucose metabolism and urea production. These metabolic changes may have a pronounced impact in susceptible patients such as those with compromised liver function and urea cycle deficiency leading to idiosyncratic toxicity. We show that the combination of modeling based on in vitro repeated-dose data and metabolic changes allows the prediction of human relevant in vivo toxicity with mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- *Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Silvia Maggioni
- IRCCS - Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Joachim Bucher
- Insilico Biotechnology AG, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany, and
| | - Daniel Mueller
- *Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jens Niklas
- Insilico Biotechnology AG, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany, and
| | | | - Klaus Mauch
- Insilico Biotechnology AG, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany, and
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- *Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Fozia Noor
- *Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany,
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Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Mechanistic review of drug-induced steatohepatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:40-7. [PMID: 26344000 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced steatohepatitis is a rare form of liver injury known to be caused by only a handful of compounds. These compounds stimulate the development of steatohepatitis through their toxicity to hepatocyte mitochondria; inhibition of beta-oxidation, mitochondrial respiration, and/or oxidative phosphorylation. Other mechanisms discussed include the disruption of phospholipid metabolism in lysosomes, prevention of lipid egress from hepatocytes, targeting mitochondrial DNA and topoisomerase, decreasing intestinal barrier function, activation of the adenosine pathway, increasing fatty acid synthesis, and sequestration of coenzyme A. It has been found that the majority of compounds that induce steatohepatitis have cationic amphiphilic structures; a lipophilic ring structure with a side chain containing a cationic secondary or tertiary amine. Within the last decade, the ability of many chemotherapeutics to cause steatohepatitis has become more evident coining the term chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis (CASH). The mechanisms behind drug-induced steatohepatitis are discussed with a focus on cationic amphiphilic drugs and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Schumacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Rui W, Xie L, Liu X, He S, Wu C, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang Y. Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting fibrosis and PAI-1 mRNA transcription. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:198-209. [PMID: 24247078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza have been used for centuries in China to treat liver diseases. Previous studies have shown that these herbs and their extracts inhibit the development of liver fibrosis and the proliferation and invasion of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Further study of their pharmacological effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed. To investigate the effects of Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract (CASE) on diethylinitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were divided into five groups, with the first group serving as normal control, the second group receiving 0.2% DEN solution five times a week for 14 weeks, and the third to fifth group receiving the same DEN as in the second group together with CASE at the doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg per day for 16 weeks, respectively. Hepatoma incidence, serum enzymes levels, degree of fibrosis and hydroxyproline content were evaluated and compared across the five groups to determine CASE's suppression of fibrosis and HCC progression. In addition, an in vitro experiment using HepG2 cells was conduct to verify CASE's effect on the transcription of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA. RESULTS CASE treatment significantly reduced the incidence and multiplicity of DEN-induced HCC development in a dose-dependent manner. It significantly suppressed the elevation of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, hyaluronic acid, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin, and significantly lessened the depression of serum total protein in DEN-induced HCC rats. CASE treatment also significantly suppressed the elevated expression of GST-P and α-SMA. The in vitro experiment confirmed that CASE inhibits the transcription of PAI-1 mRNA in HepG2 cells induced by TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS CASE suppresses DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting fibrosis and PAI-1 mRNA transcription, suggesting its potential clinical application in preventing and treating human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Rui
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Care Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Shufang He
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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11
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Cho YE, Moon PG, Lee JE, Singh TSK, Kang W, Lee HC, Lee MH, Kim SH, Baek MC. Integrative analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic data for identification of pathways related to simvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Proteomics 2013; 13:1257-75. [PMID: 23322611 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are used widely as a cell model for investigation of xenobiotic metabolism and the toxic mechanism of drugs. Simvastatin is the first statin drug used extensively in clinical practice for control of elevated cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia. However, it has also been reported to cause adverse effects in liver due to cellular damage. In this study, for proteomic and transcriptomic analysis, rat primary hepatocytes were exposed to simvastatin at IC20 concentration for 24 h. Among a total of 607 differentially expressed proteins, 61 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins have been identified in the simvastatin-treated group. At the mRNA level, results of transcriptomic analysis revealed 206 upregulated and 41 downregulated genes in the simvastatin-treated group. Based on results of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, xenobiotics by metabolism of cytochrome P450, fatty acid metabolism, bile metabolism, and urea cycle and inflammation metabolism pathways were focused using IPA software. Genes (FASN, UGT2B, ALDH1A1, CYP1A2, GSTA2, HAP90, IL-6, IL-1, FABP4, and ABC11) and proteins (FASN, CYP2D1, UG2TB, ALDH1A1, GSTA2, HSP90, FABP4, and ABCB11) related to several important pathways were confirmed by real-time PCR andWestern blot analysis, respectively. This study will provide new insight into the potential toxic pathways induced by simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Biology Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Massart J, Begriche K, Buron N, Porceddu M, Borgne-Sanchez A, Fromenty B. Drug-Induced Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation and Steatosis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-013-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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