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Elkama A, Şentürk K, Karahalil B. Assessment of genotoxicity biomarkers in gasoline station attendants due to occupational exposure. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:337-351. [PMID: 38597775 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241247089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Gasoline station attendants are exposed to numerous chemicals that might have genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, such as benzene in fuel vapor and particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust emission. According to IARC, benzene and diesel particulates are Group 1 human carcinogens, and gasoline has been classified as Group 2A "possibly carcinogenic to humans." At gas stations, self-service is not implemented in Turkey; fuel-filling service is provided entirely by employees, and therefore they are exposed to those chemicals in the workplace during all working hours. Genetic monitoring of workers with occupational exposure to possible genotoxic agents allows early detection of cancer. We aimed to investigate the genotoxic damage due to exposures in gasoline station attendants in Turkey. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the Comet, chromosomal aberration, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gasoline station attendants (n = 53) had higher tail length, tail intensity, and tail moment values than controls (n = 61). In gasoline station attendants (n = 46), the frequencies of chromatid gaps, chromosome gaps, and total aberrations were higher compared with controls (n = 59). Increased frequencies of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges were determined in gasoline station attendants (n = 47) compared with controls (n = 40). Factors such as age, duration of working, and smoking did not have any significant impact on genotoxic endpoints. Only exposure increased genotoxic damage in gasoline station attendants independently from demographic and clinical characteristics. Occupational exposure-related genotoxicity risk may increase in gasoline station attendants who are chronically exposed to gasoline and various chemicals in vehicle exhaust emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Elkama
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerem Şentürk
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
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Mozzoni P, Poli D, Pinelli S, Tagliaferri S, Corradi M, Cavallo D, Ursini CL, Pigini D. Benzene Exposure and MicroRNAs Expression: In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1920. [PMID: 36767288 PMCID: PMC9914606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and define part of the epigenetic signature. Their influence on human health is established and interest in them is progressively increasing. Environmental and occupational risk factors affecting human health include chemical agents. Benzene represents a pollutant of concern due to its ubiquity and because it may alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms, including miRNA expression changes. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNAs associated with benzene exposure considering in vivo, in vitro and human findings in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms through which benzene induces toxic effects and to evaluate whether selected miRNAs may be used as biomarkers associated with benzene exposure. Original research has been included and the study selection, data extraction and assessments agreed with PRISMA criteria. Both in vitro studies and human results showed a variation in miRNAs' expression after exposure to benzene. In vivo surveys also exhibited this trend, but they cannot be regarded as conclusive because of their small number. However, this review confirms the potential role of miRNAs as "early warning" signals in the biological response induced by exposure to benzene. The importance of identifying miRNAs' expression, which, once validated, might work as sentinel molecules to better understand the extent of the exposure to xenobiotics, is clear. The identification of miRNAs as a molecular signature associated with specific exposure would be advantageous for disease prevention and health promotion in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- CERT, Center of Excellent Research in Toxicology, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Diana Poli
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida, 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Silvana Pinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Tagliaferri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- CERT, Center of Excellent Research in Toxicology, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- CERT, Center of Excellent Research in Toxicology, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Delia Cavallo
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida, 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Ursini
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida, 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Daniela Pigini
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida, 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
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Patton AN, Levy-Zamora M, Fox M, Koehler K. Benzene Exposure and Cancer Risk from Commercial Gasoline Station Fueling Events Using a Novel Self-Sampling Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041872. [PMID: 33671888 PMCID: PMC7918986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tens of millions of individuals go to gasoline stations on a daily basis in the United States. One of the constituents of gasoline is benzene, a Group 1 carcinogen that has been strongly linked to both occupational and non-occupational leukemias. While benzene content in gasoline is federally regulated, there is approximately a thirty-year data gap in United States research on benzene exposures from pumping gasoline. Using a novel self-sampling protocol with whole air canisters, we conducted a gasoline pumping exposure assessment for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) on Baltimore, MD consumers. Geometric mean exposures (geometric standard deviations) were 3.2 (2.7) ppb,9.5 (3.5) ppb, 2.0 (2.8) ppb, and 7.3 (3.0) ppb, respectively, on 32 samples. Using the benzene exposures, we conducted consumer and occupational probabilistic risk assessments and contextualized the risk with ambient benzene exposure risk. We found that the consumer scenarios did not approach the 1:1,000,000 excess risk management threshold and that the occupational scenario did not exceed the 1:10,000 excess risk management threshold. Further, in all Monte Carlo trials, the ambient risk from benzene exposure exceeded that of pumping risk for consumers, but that in approximately 30% of occupational trials, the pumping risk exceeded the ambient risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Patton
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (A.N.P.); (M.L.-Z.)
- CARTEEH (Centers for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health), Texas Transportation Institute, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Misti Levy-Zamora
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (A.N.P.); (M.L.-Z.)
- CARTEEH (Centers for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health), Texas Transportation Institute, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Mary Fox
- CARTEEH (Centers for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health), Texas Transportation Institute, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (A.N.P.); (M.L.-Z.)
- CARTEEH (Centers for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health), Texas Transportation Institute, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Ni J, Kang JJ, Wang HH, Gai XQ, Zhang XX, Jia T, Xu L, Pan YZ, Zhang JJ. A colorimetric/luminescent benzene compound sensor based on a bis(σ-acetylide) platinum(ii) complex: enhancing selectivity and reversibility through dual-recognition sites strategy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A concurrent, selective, naked-eye perceivable, sensitive, reversible, reproducible, and easy to use sensor for detecting vapors of benzene compounds has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Kang
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Xu-Qiao Gai
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Jia
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhen Pan
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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Abstract
Although great progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of acute leukemia, this disease has not been conquered. For emergency providers (EPs), the presentation of these patients to an emergency department presents a host of challenges. A patient may present with a new diagnosis of leukemia or with complications of the disease process or associated chemotherapy. It is incumbent on EPs to be familiar with the manifestations of leukemia in its various stages and maintain some suspicion for this diagnosis, given the nebulous and insidious manner in which leukemia can present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Rose-Inman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.
| | - Damon Kuehl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
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Bariar B, Vestal CG, Richardson C. Long-term effects of chromatin remodeling and DNA damage in stem cells induced by environmental and dietary agents. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2014; 32:307-27. [PMID: 24579784 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2013007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of histones acts as a barrier to protein access; thus chromatin remodeling must occur for essential processes such as transcription and replication. In conjunction with histone modifications, DNA methylation plays critical roles in gene silencing through chromatin remodeling. Chromatin remodeling is also interconnected with the DNA damage response, maintenance of stem cell properties, and cell differentiation programs. Chromatin modifications have increasingly been shown to produce long-lasting alterations in chromatin structure and transcription. Recent studies have shown environmental exposures in utero have the potential to alter normal developmental signaling networks, physiologic responses, and disease susceptibility later in life during a process known as developmental reprogramming. In this review we discuss the long-term impact of exposure to environmental compounds, the chromatin modifications that they induce, and the differentiation and developmental programs of multiple stem and progenitor cell types altered by exposure. The main focus is to highlight agents present in the human lifestyle that have the potential to promote epigenetic changes that impact developmental programs of specific cell types, may promote tumorigenesis through altering epigenetic marks, and may be transgenerational, for example, those able to be transmitted through multiple cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Bariar
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - C Greer Vestal
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
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