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Yu S, Li Y, Lu X, Han Z, Li C, Yuan X, Guo D. The regulatory role of miRNA and lncRNA on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111144. [PMID: 38493883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes that causes glomerular sclerosis and end-stage renal disease, leading to ascending morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Excessive accumulation of aberrantly modified proteins or damaged organelles, such as advanced glycation end-products, dysfunctional mitochondria, and inflammasomes is associated with the pathogenesis of DN. As one of the main degradation pathways, autophagy recycles toxic substances to maintain cellular homeostasis and autophagy dysregulation plays a crucial role in DN progression. MicroRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in both physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have revealed that autophagy-regulating miRNA and lncRNA have been involved in pathological processes of DN, including renal cell injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in DN and emphasizes the modulation of miRNA and lncRNA on autophagy during disease progression, for the development of promising interventions by targeting these ncRNAs in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Yu
- Department of Nephrology II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yue Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zehui Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China.
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2
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Chen K, Zheng X, Hu J, Wu M, Zhou Y. Clinical significance of tumor abnormal protein in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with lung adenocarcinoma in situ. Ann Med 2023; 55:2293243. [PMID: 38375812 PMCID: PMC10732207 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2293243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the application value of tumor abnormal protein in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with lung adenocarcinoma in situ. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 140 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with lung adenocarcinoma in situ (Group A), 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Group B), and 120 healthy controls (Group C) were enrolled in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from November 2021 to December 2022. RESULTS The total cholesterol level was higher in Group A than in Group B (p < 0.05) and Group C (p < 0.01), and it was higher in Group B than in Group C (p < 0.01). The comparison results of cholesterol level were similar to those of tumor abnormal protein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin among the three groups. The triglyceride level was higher in Group A than in Group B and Group C (both p < 0.01). Group A had a higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than Group C (p < 0.01). The fasting plasma glucose level was higher in Group A than in Group B and Group C (both, p < 0.01). These findings indicated that tumor abnormal protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose were independent factors for patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with lung adenocarcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION Therefore, detecting tumor abnormal protein levels may help diagnose lung adenocarcinoma in situ in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Medical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhou
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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3
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Abdel-Wahab BA, El-Shoura EAM, Shafiuddin Habeeb M, Zafaar D. Febuxostat alleviates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced renal injury in Rats: Insights on the crosstalk between NLRP3/TLR4, Sirt-1/NF-κB/TGF-β signaling Pathways, and miR-23b-3p, miR-181a-5b expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115794. [PMID: 37689273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Febuxostat (FBX), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is known to improve renal function and can show promise as a therapeutic agent for preventing drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of FBX in preventing renal damage caused by arsenic trioxide (ATO) toxicity and uncover the underlying mechanisms. The researchers examined how FBX (10 mg/kg, orally) affected ATO-induced kidney injury (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in rats. Kidney function and toxicity parameters in serum and oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokine levels in renal tissue were measured. H&E staining was used to detect histopathological changes in the kidney. Network the molecular mechanisms of FBX in improving kidney injury were investigated using Western blotting and PCR techniques. The findings showed that FBX improved kidney function by inhibiting the pathological changes seen in H&E staining, decreasing levels of probed kidney function and toxicity measures in serum and tissue, and exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. FBX decreased MDA, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-II, and NADPH oxidase levels, while increased GSH, GPx, SOD, and IL-10 levels. FBX also reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, TLR4, and micro-RNA 181a-5b while increased the expression of IKBα, Sirt-1, and micro-RNA 23b-3p, according to Western blotting and PCR results. In conclusion, FBX can play a vital role in reducing kidney injury in cases of ATO-induced nephrotoxicity, though more clinical research needs to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | | | - Dalia Zafaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University of Technology, and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kauschke V, Philipp-Gehlhaar M, Schneider J. Expression of microRNAs in leukocytes and serum of asbestosis patients. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:175. [PMID: 37189132 PMCID: PMC10184414 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although asbestos use is banned in many countries, long latency of asbestos-related diseases like pleural plaques or asbestosis mean it is still a public health issue. People suffering from these diseases have a higher risk of developing mesothelioma or lung cancer, which can progress quickly and aggressively. MicroRNAs were suggested as potential biomarkers in several diseases. However, in asbestosis, blood microRNAs are less explored. Since miR-32-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-204-5p and miR-451a are involved in fibrotic processes and in cancer, expression of these microRNAs was analyzed in leukocytes and serum of asbestosis patients. METHODS MicroRNA expression was analyzed in leukocytes and serum of 36 patients (26 affected by pleural plaques and 10 by asbestosis) and 15 healthy controls by real-time RT-PCR. Additionally, data analyses were performed regarding disease severity based on ILO classification. RESULTS MicroRNA miR-146b-5p was significantly down-regulated in leukocytes of patients suffering from pleural plaques with a large effect indicated by η2p = 0.150 and Cohen's f = 0.42, a value of difference of 0.725 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.070-1.381. In patients suffering from asbestosis miR-146b-5p was not significantly regulated. However, data analyses considering disease severity only, revealed that miR-146b-5p was significantly down-regulated in leukocytes of mildly diseased patients compared to controls with a large effect indicated by η2p = 0.178 and Cohen's f = 0.465, a value of difference of 0.848 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.097-1.599. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and an area under the ROC curve value of 0.757 for miR-146b-5p indicated acceptable discrimination ability between patients suffering from pleural plaques and healthy controls. Less microRNAs were detectable in serum than in leukocytes, showing no significant expression differences in all participants of this study. Moreover, miR-145-5p was regulated significantly differently in leukocytes and serum. An R2 value of 0.004 for miR-145-5p indicated no correlation in microRNA expression between leukocytes and serum. CONCLUSION Leukocytes seem more suitable than serum for microRNA analyses regarding disease and potentially cancer risk assessment of patients suffering from asbestos-related pleural plaques or asbestosis. Long-term studies may reveal whether down-regulation of miR-146b-5p in leukocytes might be an early indicator for an increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Kauschke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Monika Philipp-Gehlhaar
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schneider
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Li S. GDF11, a target of miR-32-5p, suppresses high-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HK-2 cells through PI3K/AKT signaling activation. Int Urol Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s11255-023-03495-3. [PMID: 36749472 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of GDF11 on diabetic nephropathy (DN)-related mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. METHODS A DN model of rats was established in this study. Human Kidney-2 (HK-2) cells were cultured under high-glucose (HG) condition with or without recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11). Mitochondrial morphology of HK-2 cells was analyzed by transmission electron microscope and MitoTracker Red CMXRos staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ROS production were monitored using JC-1 assay kit and MitoSOX staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL or flow cytometry assays. RESULTS Herein, we observed that GDF11 was down-regulated in renal cortex and serum of DN rats, which was accompanied by renal mitochondrial morphological abnormalities. In line with the findings in vivo, HK-2 cells exposed to HG presented with mitochondrial morphological alterations and further apoptosis accompanied by GDF11 reduction. In addition, HG promoted a decrease in MMP while an increase in mitochondrial ROS production. Conversely, rGDF11 treatment significantly alleviated these HG-induced mitochondrial defects in HK-2 cells. Meanwhile, HK-2 cell apoptosis induced by HG was simultaneously suppressed by rGDF11. Mechanistically, the decreased levels of p-AKT induced by HG were attenuated after rGDF11 administration. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway resisted the effects of rGDF11 on the MMP and apoptosis of HK-2 cells. In addition, we identified that GDF11 is a target of miR-32-5p. Up-regulation of miR-32-5p could inhibit the expression of GDF11. CONCLUSION rGDF11 treatment rescued HG-induced HK-2 cell mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, which may be dependent on the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, China.
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Da Qing Long Nan Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Circ_0044411 silencing protects infantile pneumonia from lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury by sponging miR-141-3p to inhibit CCL16 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109425. [PMID: 36700761 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA (circRNA) has been found to play an important role in the progression of many diseases, including infantile pneumonia. However, the role of circ_0044411 in infantile pneumonia progression is still unclear. METHODS MRC-5 cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h to establish the in vitro cellular model for infantile pneumonia. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the levels of circ_0044411, miR-141-3p (micoRNA-141-3p) and CCL16 (CC motif chemokine ligand 16). Cell viability and proliferation was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were detected by flow cytometry analysis and caspase-3 activity assay kit. The target interaction was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS Circ_0044411 was highly repressed in the serum of infantile pneumonia patients and LPS-induced MRC-5 cells. Circ_0044411 could promote the cell viability and proliferation, inhibit inflammatory response and apoptosis in LPS-induced MRC-5 cells. Circ_0044411 could serve as a sponge of miR-141-3p, and miR-141-3p could reverse the function of circ_0044411 on LPS-induced MRC-5 cell injury. In addition, miR-141-3p could target CCL16, and miR-141-3p could protect MRC-5 cells from LPS-induced cell injury by targeting CCL16. Furthermore, circ_0044411 sponged miR-141-3p to positively regulate CCL16 expression. CONCLUSION Circ_0044411 knockdown promoted cell viability and proliferation, inhibited inflammatory response and apoptosis by regulating miR-141-3p/CCL16 axis, indicating that circ_0044411 might be a potential therapeutic target for IP.
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Phulkerd T, Lertussavavivat T, Limothai U, Peerapornratana S, Kulvichit W, Lumlertgul N, Tungsanga K, Eiam-Ong S, Avihingsanon Y, Srisawat N. Circulating and urinary microRNAs profile for predicting renal recovery from severe acute kidney injury. J Intensive Care 2022; 10:45. [PMID: 36180946 PMCID: PMC9523985 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-022-00637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is little known about the contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to discover and validate miRNA profiles for predicting renal recovery from severe AKI. Patients and methods A prospective observational study was conducted between June 2020 and January 2021. Urine and serum samples of participants with AKI stage 3 were collected from two groups: renal recovery and renal non-recovery. Transcriptomic analysis was performed using nCounter miRNA Expression Assay. Expression levels of candidate miRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The discovery phase identified 18 and 11 differentially expressed miRNAs that were statistically significant between the two groups in urine and serum specimens, respectively. Top candidate miRNAs selected included miR-556-3p, miR-1915-3p, miR-4284, miR-32-5p, miR-96-5p, and miR-556-5p in urine, and miR-499b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-92b-3p and miR-770-5p in serum. This study enrolled 110 participants in the validation phase. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that urine miR-556-3p was significantly higher in the renal recovery group than in the renal non-recovery group. Urine miR-556-3p alone predicted renal recovery with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.64 (95%CI 0.52–0.75, p = 0.03). Combining the clinical model with urine miR-556-3p predicted renal recovery with an AUC of 0.83 (95%CI 0.75–0.92, p < 0.01). Conclusion This data provides evidence that microtranscriptome profiles of severe AKI patients with renal recovery differed from the non-recovery group. Urine miR-556-3p had the potential to improve the prediction of renal recovery from severe AKI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40560-022-00637-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Phulkerd
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanat Lertussavavivat
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Limothai
- Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Critical Care Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sadudee Peerapornratana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Critical Care Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Kulvichit
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Critical Care Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttha Lumlertgul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Critical Care Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriang Tungsanga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yingyos Avihingsanon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Srisawat
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Critical Care Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Tropical Medicine Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Zeng ZL, Zhu Q, Zhao Z, Zu X, Liu J. Magic and mystery of microRNA-32. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8588-8601. [PMID: 34405957 PMCID: PMC8435424 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous, small (∼22 nts in length) noncoding RNA molecules that function specifically by base pairing with the mRNA of genes and regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Alterations in miR-32 expression have been found in numerous diseases and shown to play a vital role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. MiR-32 has been documented as an oncomiR in the majority of related studies but has been also verified as a tumour suppressor miRNA in conflicting reports. Moreover, it has a crucial role in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. This review provides an in-depth look into the most recent finding regarding miR-32, which is involved in the expression, regulation and functions in different diseases, especially tumours. Additionally, this review outlines novel findings suggesting that miR-32 may be useful as a noninvasive biomarker and as a targeted therapeutic in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZL Zeng
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Cardiovascular DiseaseHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Jianghua Liu
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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