Protective effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on the initiation of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in albino rats

Possible protective anticancer effect of chloroform fraction of Iraqi Hibiscus tiliaceus L. leaves extract on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male rats

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to examine the potential protective effects of Iraqi H. tiliaceus L. chloroform leaves extract on DEN-induced HCC in male Wistar Albino rats.

METHODS

Rats were assigned to four groups, six in each group. Group I: rats were administered a daily oral dose of 1 mL/kg/day of distilled water. Group II: rats were intraperitoneally injected with 70 mg/kg DEN once per week for 10 consecutive weeks. Group III: rats received 250 mg/kg of chloroform leaves extract. Groups IV: the rats were administered 500 mg/kg of chloroform leaves extract, along with their food, for five days per week over 20 weeks, with a subsequent dose of DEN once per week for 10 consecutive weeks.

RESULTS

The results indicate that the extract demonstrated a significant reduction (p<0.05) in oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators, and HCC parameters, the extract also had a beneficial effect on liver function tests, and there was a significant elevation (p<0.05) of antioxidant parameters in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports the protective properties of the chloroform extract of Iraqi H. tiliaceus L. leaves in HCC.

Selective Oxidative Methyl C-H Functionalization of Butylated Hydroxytoluene toward Arylimines/N-Heterocycles

A metal-free and selective oxidative methyl C-H functionalization of BHT with aniline compounds has been developed. This innovative method enables the facile and efficient synthesis of a diverse array of BHT-functionalized N-containing skeletons, including arylamines, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, benzimidazoles, quinazolines, and quinazolinones, all of which are challenging to access. The control experiment involving TEMP18O suggests that the radical adduct of TEMPO with the benzyl radical of BHT may serve as an intermediate.